probabilistic routing in opportunistic ad hoc networks

... requires a naming service to obtain multicast group addresses, and assumes the availability of routing information from a unicast routing protocol In LSMRM [8], the mesh is constructed by using route ... PUMA (Protocol for Unified Multicasting through Announcements) is a mesh-based multicast routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks distinguishing from others in its class by the use of only multicast ... Knowledge Engineering, 415 Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 282, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06569-4 _31, c Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 Trang 2In the early years,

Ngày tải lên: 16/12/2017, 00:53

... and Short-Hop Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks: A Comprehensive Study M Tarique, A Hossain, R Islam and C Akram Hossain Dept of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, American International ... limiting this work within a manageable size In order to investigate all these issues of long-hop and short-hop routing, the Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) [17] protocol has been chosen as the routing ... SHORT-HOP ROUTING Unlike traditional cellular network, an ad hoc wireless network is characterized by peer-to-peer communication, distributed networking, multi-hop routing, energy constraint, dynamic

Ngày tải lên: 27/07/2022, 11:27

... CC at the network layer include [9], [15], [22] In [9], Khandani et al studied minimum energy routing problem (for a single message) by exploiting both wireless broadcast advantage and CC However, ... Cmin The minimum rate among all source-destination pairs h uv Effect of path-loss, shadowing, and fading from node u to node v N s Set of source nodes in the network N r Set of relay nodes in ... problem in a network setting There are N nodes in an ad hoc network, with each node being either a source node, a destination node, or a potential relay node (see Fig 2) In order to avoid interference,

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2014, 17:06

... limited resources in ad hoc networks  In case of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), energy consumption is especially critical  The ad hoc network designer should strive for reducing node energy ... the need for Topology Control (TC) in ad hoc networks – An ad hoc network model – Topology control: a taxonomy  Stationary networks – The critical transmitting range for connectivity – Energy ... di Informatica e Telematica Topology Control in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks Paolo Santi Istituto di Informatica e Telematica del CNR, Pisa, ITALY paolo.santi@iit.cnr.it Trang 2Tutorial outline Introduction

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:20

... power the minimum level such that the corresponding routing table contains all the nodes in the network  Setting the power to this minimum level achieves the three goals of: – maximizing network ... CTR: 10/12  In [Narayanaswamy et al.02], the authors introduce COMPOW, a protocol that attempts to determine the CTR for connectivity in a distributed way  Nodes maintain a routing table for ... MobiHoc – Tokyo, May 24, 2004 Istituto di Informatica e Telem atica CTR: probabilistic approaches the CTR: 4/12  In many realistic scenarios, node positions are not known in advance (for instance,

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:20

... energy-efficient way  Why use the routing graph G’ instead of G? – Because G’ is sparse, thus the task of finding routes between nodes is much easier than in the original graph Trang 8Power spanners ... ratio between the minimum-power path in G’ and in G  In words, the power stretch factor is a measure of the increase in the Trang 9Power spanners (2) Ideal features of a routing graph: – Small ... the energy cost is minimum  Solving the WSRA problem remains NP-hard for two and three-dimensional networks [Blough et al.02a]  In [Blough et al.02a], it is proved that the additional energy

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:20

... transmitting a message along an energy-efficient path in G’)  Other research focused on trying to adjust the maximum nodes’ transmitting range, in such a way that the communication graph remains ... (reverse of the broadcast problem) – Drawbacks: non localized; GPS required  RamanathanRosales-Hain00: – Goal: minimize the maximum of nodes transmitting ranges while maintaining connectivity ... Trang 1Istituto di Informatica e Telematica RNG, GG, and other routing graphs (2) Energy-efficient communication: 5/7  Other routing graphs considered in the literature are the Restricted

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:20

... [WattenhoferZollinger04]  Basic idea (similar to KNeigh): – at the beginning, every node orders its neighbors (set of nodes in the maximum transmitting range) according to some criterion (e.g., link quality) ... k for increasing n 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 n Optimal value of k for increasing values of n (from [Blough et al 03]) Remark: setting k = 9 guarantees connectivity w.h.p for values of n ranging from ... 2π/3  The obtained communication graph is made symmetric by adding the reverse edge to every unidirectional link  A set of optimizations are also proposed, that prune energy-inefficient edges

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:20

... circle  In realistic scenarios: radio coverage area influenced by many factors (obstacles, buildings, existing infrastructure, weather conditions, etc.), and it is hardly regular  Including too ... assume that the link probability is a non-increasing function of the distance – With this model, the radio coverage area in general is not regular  A similar model has been proposed in [Farago02] ... 9Impact of interferences Another possibility for more realistic models is considering interferences between nodes  Preliminary step in this direction: [Dousse et al.03] – A bi-directional link between

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:20

... literature Our view: Routing Layer MAC Layer TC Layer 5 th ACM MobiHoc – Tokyo, May 24, 2004 Istituto di Informatica e Telem atica TC and Routing Open issues: 10/11 One possible view: Routing Protocol ... level  The routing table for level i, RT i , is updated by a routing daemon (one for each level), and contains all the nodes that are reachable by u using power at most i 5 th ACM MobiHoc – Tokyo, ... [KawadiaKumar03] is to overcome a problem of COMPOW: when the node distribution is not “uniform”, the protocol performs very poorly  Basic idea: every node u in the network maintains one routing

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:20

... Istituto di Informatica e Telem atica Infinite loop Level-based TC: 8/16  If not implemented carefully, the optimization described in the previous slide can lead to packets getting into infinite loops! ... cards  Several routing daemons (one for each power level) are started on pre- assigned ports  From the routing tables at all the power levels, the composition of the kernel routing table is done ... Control in Wireless Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks , Tech Rep IIT-TR-04/2003, Istituto di Informatica e Telematica, Pisa Italy, March 2003 Available upon request Istituto di Inform atica

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 14:20

... UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING Binh Minh Nguyen EFFICIENT CORE SELECTION FOR MULTICAST ROUTING IN MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS GRADUATION THESIS Faculty of Information Technology Supervisor: ... participating, the network topology, link state, Which are not available or too expensive to acquire in mobile ad hoc networks There are many proposed protocol for multicast routing in mobile ad hoc networks, ... covers all nodes in the multicast group Routing protocols designed for mobile ad hoc networks maintain only approximate and minimal topology information, and therefore designing a center selection...

Ngày tải lên: 23/11/2012, 15:03

... sensing given the inherent inaccuracy of spectrum sensing Page of 15 Coordinated Sender-Receiver Sensing In ad hoc environments in which nodes are exposed to different parts of the network, the interference ... SU-TX Receiving Acknowledgement tx (Pint rx (Pint if receive(ACK) and Rmin < R(i) then max−1 Single_SU = increase(Rmin) else current_spectrum = Single_SU = Rmin = R1 end if (i) E[Pint ⎧ 2 (i) ... cognitive radio ad hoc networks Ad Hoc Netw Elsevier 7(5), 810–836 (2009) doi:10.1016/j adhoc.2009.01.001 HB Salameh, M Krunz, Channel access protocols for multihop opportunistic networks: challenges...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 21:20

... of joining process Routing zone of S Routing zone of A Routing zone of B A Routing zone of S Routing zone of A A B S Routing zone of B B S MRREQ Source node MRREQ Source node MRREP Destination ... Johnson, “Adaptive demand-driven multicast routing in multi-hop wireless ad hoc networks, ” in Proceedings of the 2nd ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (MobiHoc ’01), ... proactive unicast routing protocol (the Bellman-Ford routing scheme) to maintain routing information about the cores, in which case considerable overhead may be incurred in a large network Link failures...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... delay routing (EBTDR) algorithm in the existing DSR protocol by introducing a delay in forwarding the packets by nodes, which is inversely proportional to the remaining energy level of the node In ... levels are given adjacent to the nodes) Thus, the basic idea behind our energy-aware routing protocols is to utilize diverse routing paths instead of continuous use of a single path In this section, ... provides a more optimized solution by considering the link traffic in an active network In HER algorithm, each node, instead of adding the remaining energy level, adds a cost metric to the route request...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 00:20

... Seed, Supporting inter-vehicular and vehicle-roadside communications over a clusterbased wireless ad- hoc routing algorithm, in Proceedings of the Winter International Symposium on Information ... clustering All clustering algorithms incur some additional signaling overhead to Page-20 form and maintain their cluster structures The clustering overhead consists of: HELLO packets overhead, cluster ... stability can also in uence the signaling overhead A frequently changing clustering structure results in an increase in maintenance messages and thus increasing the load on nodes From the figure, we...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... replace flooding Utilize route cache information, creating reverse path in CREQ forwarding [13] Reactive routing protocols Piggybacking of CREQ & CREP on the routing packets CRLs maintenance and ... bootstrapping, applying a DCA private key, joining a new CH, evicting an existing CH, refreshing CH shares In Bootstrapping operation, to construct the shared key and establish a (k,n) threshold sharing ... even in the destination cluster or position Also, we can consider two kind of client nodes mobility, nodes mobility inside the nodes administrative domain and between the administrative domains...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... Symposium on Mobile Ad hoc Networking and Computing: MobiHoc 2001 56–66 (2001) 39 RV Boppana, SP Konduru, An adaptive distance vector routing algorithm for mobile, ad hoc networks, in INFOCOM 2001 Twentieth ... Maltz, Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless networks Mobile Comput, 153–181 (1996) 25 D Kim, Y Choi, TCP-BuS: improving TCP performance in wireless ad hoc networks, in Communications, 2000 ... networks Ad hoc Netw 4, 687–708 (2006) doi:10.1016/j.adhoc.2005.08.001 37 E Hamadani, V Rakocevic, A cross layer solution to address TCP, intra-flow performance degradation in multihop ad hoc, networks...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 00:20

... starting point and is then extended with linear and cubic terms; in addition, fitting parameters a1 through a4 are introduced: PR (x, ψ) = e−3(x/ψ) + i=1 x ψ i (2) Following the curve fitting process, ... Conclusions In this paper, we addressed the problem of determining an analytical expression for the probability of one-hop packet reception in vehicular ad hoc networks While this probability is in uenced ... and [11] additionally introduced a probabilistic radio wave propagation A deep mathematical analysis was proposed in [12] that studies a probabilistic radio wave propagation and the capturing effect...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20