precursors of materials science

... found in Chalmers's classic text (1974) Trang 7346 The Coming of Materials Science Some years later, the analysis of the stability of inchoate protuberances was taken to a more sophisticated level ... alloy with 41 at.% of Cu The tints show local composition (courtesy W.J Boettinger and J.A Warren) Trang 8Craft Turned into Science 347 Earlier, a special issue of Materials Science and Engineering ... task Trang 9348 The Coming of Materials Science 9.2.2.1 Fusion welding One of the most important production processes in metallurgy is fusion welding, the joining of two metallic objects in

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... Trang 5384 The Coming of Materials Science This was the starting-point for the creation of a great variety of bulk glass- ceramics, many of them by Corning, including materials for radomes (transparent ... Encyclopedia of Materials Science and Engineering, vol 6, ed Bever, M.B (Pergamon Press, Oxford) p 4539 Mughrabi, H (ed.) (1993) Plastic Deformation and Fracture of Materials, in Materials Science ... Origins of Modern Surface Science 10.4.2 The Creation of Ultrahigh Vacuum 10.4.3 An Outline of Surface Science Trang 14become more sophisticated over the last few decades of the twentieth century, materials

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... Trang 1420 The Coming of Materials Science Frohnhoff, S and Berger, M.G (1994) Adv Mater 6 , 963 Furey, M.J (1986) Tribology, in Encyclopedia of Materials Science and Engineering, vol ... evolving science of materials as do physics and metallurgy Nevertheless, when materials science arrived as a concept in the late 1950s, no chemist would have dreamed of describing himself as a materials ... properties of bone; biological fibrous materials; silk fibres - origins, nature and consequences of structure These headings indicate several Trang 9428 The Coming of Materials Science things:

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... aspects of materials science: a selection of 100 of these appeared in 1992 under the title ArtiJice and Artefacts A valuable source of up-to-date reviews of many aspects of MSE is a series of books, ... unproductive 14.2.3 Materials societies ab initio The first organization to carry the name of materials science was a British club, the Materials Science Club, founded by a group of materials-oriented ... Edwin Thomas of MIT, with The Structure of Materials (1998), the first of a new MIT series on materials The authors say lhdt “our text looks at one aspect of our field, the structure of materials,

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... not-quite-independent sciences such as rheology and colloid science STRUCTURU COMPOSITION Environment affected Theory and materials k Performance Figure 15.1 (a) The four elements of materials science ... number of professionals, also spread around the world, who call themselves materials scientists and engineers and communicate with each other on that basis We have a profession to be proud of REFERENCES ... Coming of Materials Science articulating this paradigm and employing it to contribute to society” Others prefer to make this little diagram more complicated; thus Shi (1999), a veteran Chinese materials

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... Materials and Man’s Needs: Materials Science and Engineering Sirmn.lury Report ojthe Committee on the Survey of Materials Science and Enxineering (National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC) ... major part in the coming of materials science In this chapter, I shall try to set the stage for the story of the emergence of materials science by looking at case-histories of some related disciplines ... definition of a scientific discipline in general The concept of an ‘invisible college’, mentioned by Ziman, is the creation of Derek de Solla Price, an influential historian of science and “herald of

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... are made up of a few basic building units none of which is specific to alum or to any other single chemical compound This difference Trang 10Precursors of‘ Materials Science 59 of opinion (in ... principle that the interfacial Trang 12Precursors of’ Materials Science 61 angles of a particular species of crystal were always the same, however different the shape of individual specimens might ... argon Trang 16Precursors of Materials Science 6 5 remarks: “The great obstacle faced by those trying to convince the sceptics of the reality of atoms and molecules was the lack of phenomena

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... understanding of the shape of the G P zones (planar in some alloys, globular in others) Next, the kinetics of the hardening needed to be Trang 7Precursors of Materials Science 91 understood in terms of ... basis of known phase diagrams of binary alloys In the words of the eminent Trang 690 The Coming of Materials Science American metallurgist, R.F Mehl, “no better example exists in metallurgy of ... 863-1939), while an Trang 3Precursors of Muterids Science 87 Figure 3.11 A selection of Heycock and Neville’s micrographs of Cu-Sn alloys informative overview of the uses of microstructural examination

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... part of the configuration of edge dislocations in such metals; single dislocations can split up into partial dislocations, Trang 2Precursors of Materials Science 121 Figure 3.24 Projection of ... authoritative history of the development of the quantum-mechanical theory of metals and the associated evolution of the band theory of solids is in Chapters 2 and 3 of the book, Out of the Crystal Maze, ... the eventuality of his capture, and when a fellow professor asked him to find him one too, he responded: “This poison is for professors of chemistry only You, as a professor of mechanics, will

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... 4.1 The Role of Parepistemes in Materials Science Trang 5Chapter 4 The Virtues of Subsidiarity 4.1 THE ROLE OF PAREPISTEMES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE Physical metallurgy, like other sciences and ... these 159 Trang 6160 The Coming of Materials Science in Chapter 2: although they all form components of degree courses, none of the parepistemes in materials science that I exemplify below are ... 1989) Trang 12166 The Coming of Materials Science 4.2.2 Diflusion The migration of one atomic species in another, in the solid state, is the archetype of a materials-science parepisteme From small

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... ranges of categories of materials would be useful Figure 5.5(c) is one example of the kind of estimates which his approach makes possible A still more recent development of Ashby’s approach to materials ... reached a degree of maturity in the middle of the century (Treloar 1951), and the calculation of phase diagrams (CALPHAD) on the basis of measurements of thermochemical quantities (heats of reaction, ... results of accurate measurement, and the surprise led to the resolution of the paradox The principle remains one of the powerful motivating influences in the development of materials science

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... characterisation and chemical analysis, offers a concise discussion of the sensitivity of different analytical techniques for Trang 12236 The Coming of Materials Science trace elements Thus for optical ... In 1999, a group of French physicists were reported to havc checked the genuineness of a disputed van Gogh painting by ‘microfluorescence’, letting an X-ray beam of the order of lmm across impinge ... flowering of his research was reserved for his doctoral thesis (Castaing 1951) This must be the most cited thesis in the history of materials science, and has been described as “a document of great

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... part of materials science, and not treated in most general texts on polymer science Accordingly, I will not treat it further in this chapter The aspects of polymer science that form part of MSE ... changed: the important domain of polymer chemistry has become, by degrees, a branch of science almost wholly divorced from the rest of polymer science, with its own array of journals and conferences, ... to think of “materials” as being solids; when editing an encyclopedia of materials some years ago, I found it required an effort of imagination to include articles on various aspects of water,

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... 1330 The Coming of Materials Science for the leading early treatment of the mechanical properties of solid polymers (Ward 1971a) 8.7 DETERMINING MOLECULAR WELGHTS At the end of the 1930s, the ... horizon, including the use of copolymcr chains with a series of blocks with distinct functions, and the possible use of dendrimer molecules Trang 7336 The Coming of Materials Science designed to “have ... 9338 The Coming of Materials Science Keller, A and Kolnaar, H.W.H (1997) Flow-induced orientation and structure formation, in Processing of Polymers, ed Meijer, H.E.H.; Materials Science and Technology,

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... by Burke (1996) (reproduced by permission of GE) Trang 10374 The Conzing qj‘ Materials Science began to study the mechanisms of the stages of sintering of alumina powder The features outlined ... and between two rival Trang 2366 The Coming of Materials Science methods of electric lighting Kingery, in his 1990 essay, describes the researches of Carl Auer, Baron von Welsbach, in Austria ... force for sintering and because it is a beautiful example of the ingenious Trang 6370 The Coming of Materials Science Figure 9.8 Sintering of single-crystal copper spheres to a single-crystal copper

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... invest in science from which industry has withdrawn?” In my own country, Britain, in the face of the closure of ICI’s New Materials Group and of the entire New Ventures laboratory of BP, one ... study of semiconductor surfaces were being rapidly transplanted to the study of the surfaces of other classes of materials” He thus insisted on a broader remit for the new journal, and Surface Science, ... light of day in 1964 Gatos’ essay is the first in a long series of review articles on different aspects of surface science to mark the 30th anniversary of the journal, making up volumes 299/300 of

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... ceramic materials and artefacts At the start of this Chapter, an essay by Peter Day was quoted in which he lauds the use of ‘soft chemistry’, exemplifying this by citing the use of organometallic precursors ... summary of a major field of materials science, into which chemistry and physics are indissolubly blended 11.2.7 Combinatorial materials synthesis and screening In the early 1990s, a new technique of ... Corning of’kfaterials Science point where they have become the key components of advanced batteries and fuel cells A comparison between the conductivity of an advanced member of this category and of

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... everything, in spite of the optimistic claims of some of its proponents Trang 13482 The Coming of Materials Science This kind of simulation requires massive computer power, and much of it is done on ... last of these was maintained at Y Le Bouar) Trang 9418 The Coming of Materials Science 12.2.3.4 Computer-modelling of polymers The properties of polymers are deter- mined by a large range of ... last application is reminiscent of a protracted programme of Trang 17486 The Coming of Materials Science research a t Northwestern University (where materials science started in 1958) by Gregory

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... aspects of materials science: a selection of 100 of these appeared in 1992 under the title ArtiJice and Artefacts A valuable source of up-to-date reviews of many aspects of MSE is a series of books, ... unproductive 14.2.3 Materials societies ab initio The first organization to carry the name of materials science was a British club, the Materials Science Club, founded by a group of materials-oriented ... counterpart of Materials Science, and its central concern is the processing of materials, which has become an immensely complex skill ” Whether I was justified in saying that Materials Science

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... not-quite-independent sciences such as rheology and colloid science STRUCTURU COMPOSITION Environment affected Theory and materials k Performance Figure 15.1 (a) The four elements of materials science ... number of professionals, also spread around the world, who call themselves materials scientists and engineers and communicate with each other on that basis We have a profession to be proud of REFERENCES ... Coming of Materials Science articulating this paradigm and employing it to contribute to society” Others prefer to make this little diagram more complicated; thus Shi (1999), a veteran Chinese materials

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 09:20