precooling phase change and subcooling time calculations

... 30.6432 Aussillous and Quere (2000) modified Bretherton’s analysis, and replaced the bubble nose curvature κ = 1/(Dh/2) with κ = 1/{(Dh/2)-δ0} In their analysis, the momentum balance and the curvature ... force makes the bubble nose slender and increases the bubble nose curvature at finite Reynolds numbers It is also reported in Edvinsson & Irandoust (1996) and Kreutzer et al (2005) that the ... Reynolds and capillary numbers This implies that curvature term κ = 1/{(Dh/2)-δ0} in momentum equation (16) should be larger for larger Reynolds and capillary numbers We assume that this curvature change

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... 200 5) 578 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Figures 14 and 15 show comparisons of CO2 temperature and pressure between simulations and the well logging ... 9MPa and. .. Transfer and Phase Change in Deep CO2 Injector for CO2 Geological Storage 573 Fig 8 Elapsed time factor vs Fourier number Fig 9 CO2 pressure-specific enthalpy and phase ... the design and installation of such systems. The performances of two types of TES, which use ice and paraffin waxes, were analyzed. Ice storage systems Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... conditions and on the other hand 410 22 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH the measurements take a long time, allowing to the convection and ... slow and the solution is stable over time. 396 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling [...]... of this technique for the thermal characterization of nanofluids because on the one hand ... and nanoparticle materials at room temperature Therefore, the thermal conductivities of fluids 420 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling that... 416 28 Two Phase

Ngày tải lên: 26/06/2014, 23:20

... which temperature and phase changes are taking place and then to Trang 9apply the appropriate equation Keep in mind that heat transfer and work can cause both temperature and phase changes Problem-Solving ... the problem in steps—temperature change, phase change, subsequent temperature change, and so on 2 Identify and list all objects that change temperature and phase. 3 Identify exactly what needs to ... Trang 1Phase Change and LatentHeat Bởi: OpenStaxCollege So far we have discussed temperature change due to heat transfer No temperature change occurs from heat transfer if ice melts and becomes

Ngày tải lên: 30/10/2017, 23:26

... heat transfer and phase change phenomena during excimer laser interaction with nickel specimens[ Based on time!resolved measurements in the laser ~uence range between 1[4 J cm−1and 09[4 J cm−1\ ... shock wave\ and due to scattering and absorption by the plume[ The distance between the probing beam and the target surface is incrementally adjusted and the corresponding arrival time of the ... homogeneous\ explosive phase change occurs at a laser ~uence of about 4[1 J cm−1 [ 2[ Numerical modeling Numerical modeling is carried out to compute the heat transfer and phase change processes during

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:55

... transfer and phase change of an argon crystal illuminated with a picosecond pulsed laser are investigated using molecular dynamics simulations The result reveals no clear interface when phase change ... work was focused on the structural change of metallic atoms due to laser beam absorption Häkkinen and Landman [3] studied dynamics of superheating, melting, and annealing at the Cu surface induced ... material ablation are emphasized in this work Phase change relevant parameters, such as the velocity of solid-liquid and liquid-vapor interfaces, ablation rate, and ablation threshold fluence are reported

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:55

... 25Chapter 2 Phase change optical data storage With the increasing usage of multimedia, phase-change optical disks are becoming more and more popular In this chapter, the principle of phase change ... peak power become amorphous phase, and those irradiated with bias power are changed to crystallize phase 2.2 Development of phase change optical data storage media Phase change (PC) optical disk ... of phase change optical data storage followed by a discussion of the media used in phase change optical data storage The principle of phase change optical data storage will be demonstrated And

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 08:30

... required pressure in the standard is 3.0 ± 0.1 MPa A setup has been designed and built based on these issues and the industry specific requirements 3.2 Instrument Design and Calculations 3.2.1 Physical ... characterization, design and construction of thermal resistance measurement setup and surface characterization of metals The PCM and metal surfaces were characterized to understand their basic properties ... thermodynamics [10], the changes in enthalpy at constant pressure and changes in internal energy at constant volume in reversible processes represent heat transferred to and from a system Taking

Ngày tải lên: 03/10/2015, 20:33

... custkey AND l o suppkey = s suppkey AND l o o r d e r d a te = d datekey AND c r e gi on = ‘ ‘ASIA ’ ’ AND s r e gi on = ‘ ‘ASIA ’ ’ AND d year = 2009 2 Query 2: List the customer country and ... relatively slow compared to reads, and specifically 100 times slower than that Trang 11of DRAM [28] And writes consume more energy, and causes wear-out of PCMcells Over a lifetime of PCM, each cell can ... Trang 1Status of Phase Change Memory in Memory Hierarchy and its impact onto SCHOOL OF COMPUTING NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE December 2011 Trang 2Phase Change Memory(PCM) is a new

Ngày tải lên: 12/10/2015, 17:35

... 1RHEOLOGY AND PHASE CHANGE OF POLYMERS AND VESICLES ZHENG ZHANGFENG (B ENG., Tianjin University) A THESIS SUBMITED FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR ... can be observed: single-phase solution, phase separation (or precipitation), and gel (Regev et al., 1999, and Marques et al., 1999) This trend has been verified for JR 400 and negatively charged ... concentration regimes and vesicles at various concentrations were visually examined to construct the phase map In this study, two typical behaviors, that is, a single-phase solution, and a phase separation

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 12:00

... Endurantism and Perdurantism 39 II: Presentism and Eternalism 43 III: Three-Dimensionalism and Four-Dimensionalism 56 §3: Future Selves 67 I: Selves and Time 69 II: Selves and Change 78 ... a phase of a stream of consciousness at a particular moment of time guarantee the past and future phases to which the phase was or will be related to, because the past phases are no more, and ... Langsam and John Perry The second section of this essay will see the focus shift to the metaphysics of time and the notions of change and persistence Specifically, the theories of change characterized

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2015, 15:35

... Using Phase Change Material (PCM) in HVAC Systems 541 Motoi Yamaha and Nobuo Nakahara Chapter 25 Heat Transfer and Phase Change in Deep CO2 Injector for CO2 Geological Storage 565 Kyuro Sasaki and ... electromagnetic radiation and convection The Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling proposed method solves simultaneously the heat equation for the three phases (solid, liquid and vapor), computing ... t = t o time is known the thermic state of the material in D pattern: (7) Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling T ( M, t o ) = To (M) , M ∈ D (8) In time, successions the phases...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... (figures and 4) The material vaporization depth is depending on the processing time, and the considered input parameters as well So, for a 10 times greater processing time and a 2.5 times greater ... Anlytical and Explicit and Implicit Methods of Solving One- 26 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Dimensional Transient Heat Conduction Problems WSEAS Transactions on Heat and Mass ... coordinates I and K indicate the direction of flow: incoming and destination, respectively The values of J(I,K) are: 38 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling 0 no connection between I and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling and refrigerant sides, in order to effectively shorten or reduce the time and cost in the development and design of this type of heat exchanger, ... [W/m2K], di and are, respectively, the inside and outside diameters of tubes 68 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling [m], km is the thermal conductivity [W/mK], Rfi and Rfo are ... Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling increasingly cold air flowing across the coil In (Fig.19) and considering a representative circuit, the temperature distribution for CO2 and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling calculations of heat transfer coefficient for both shell- and refrigerant-side stream If the condenser's refrigerant inlet temperature and ... is constant and VΘ is 200, 500 and 1000 m/s According to this figure, if the velocity of 90 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling the outlet cylinder increases, density changes rapidly ... inlet cylinder and the teperature of oulet cylinder are 350 and 300 K It can be seen that the direction of vortex in Fig is inverted in Fig Fig shows the 86 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... term and a temperature dependent term and can be related to correspond to the latent heat of phase change Furthermore, T is the temperature, and ρ, Cp, and k are the density, heat capacity, and ... in order to understand the internal stress distribution in the solidifying steel strand below the mold The need for data with respect to the 122 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling ... A vw =  × drc sin θ  θ= π −α (19)   dz  (20) (21) 112 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling The liquid-wall and the vapor-wall shear stresses are expressed as k ρwD ρl w l2...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... Ironmaking and Steelmaking Vol 13, No 3, pp 138-153 148 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Won, Y-M, Kim, K-H, Yeo, T-J, & Oh, K (1998) Effect of Cooling Rate on ZST, LIT and ZDT ... attainment and maintenance of the plasma density and temperature on a required level and forces to develop sophisticated and expansive methods to feed and heat up the plasma components On the other hand, ... temperature Θ =κ0 T/(Srn2) as a function of the dimensionless 160 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling radius ρ = r/rn and time t/(rnκ0) The boundary condition Θ (ρ = 1) =0.01 ensures the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... Nematollahi and Nazifi, 2007; Rodriguez and El-Genk, 2008a, b, c, and d; Rodriguez, Domino, and El-Genk, 2010; Rodriguez and El-Genk, 2010a and b; Rodriguez and El-Genk, 2011) There are many devices and ... and Γ ω are the effective diffusivity of k and ω, respectively; Gk and Gω are the generation of k and ω, respectively, due to mean velocity gradients; and Yk and Yω are the dissipation of k and ... azimuthal, (a) and (b), and axial, (c) and (d), velocity profiles for S2 configuration Q ≈ 100 l/h for (a) and (c); and Q ≈ 270 l/h for (b) and (d) The circles indicate mean velocity values and the error...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... Goldstein and Behbahani, 1982; Kamotani and Greber, 1974; Kavsaoglu and Schetz, 1989; Kawai and Lele, 2007; Kiel et al., 2003; Patankar, Basu, and Alpay, 1977; Rivero, Ferre, and Giralt, 2001; Sucec and ... and Applications for Enhanced Heat Transfer and Flow Mixing Fig 12 Impact of Re and θ on Azimuthal Velocity Field 203 204 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling The single-jet computation ... Manual of Applied Mechanics, 9th Ed., C Griffin and Co., London, UK 216 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Rivero, A., Ferre, J A., and Giralt, F (2001) Organized Motions in a Jet...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20

... fluence 232 16 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH On Fig 5, green and orange dash lines respectively correspond to fluence F1ω = 19 J/cm2 and fluence F1ω = ... e.g the damage densities pattern nearly 236 20 Two Phase Flow, Phase Change and Numerical Modeling Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH remains unchanged and the slopes s as well Also these observations not ... respective Au and Ag layers at this time, the maximal phonon temperature at the front surface of the Au film and the Ag layer is 353.3 K and 345 K, respectively With time, the electron and phonon...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 12:20