power system operation and control

... machine, for damping power system dynamic oscillations. [see Power System Stability and Control, Kundur (1994) and Section 2 of title Power System Stability and Control of this handbook.] Various ... generator to control the rotor angle acceleration during system fault conditions. [see Power System Stability and Control, Kundur (1994) and Section 2 of title Power System Stability and Control of ... LLC. [...]... Service Control and Monitoring Plant Real Power Control and Monitoring Automatic Voltage Control Water and Power Optimization Water Bypass Control Interchange/AGC

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... very aesthetically pleasing. They do not blend in with the environment and can interrupt a beautiful landscape. The increasing demand of electricity and the public objection to build new transmission lines ... conductor currents and coordinates in the equations describing the horizontal and vertical field components. This produces three horizontal and three vertical field vectors. The horizontal and vertical ... phases 1, 2, and 3 generated magnetic field, and H y_1 , H y_2 , H y_3 are the vertical components of phases 1, 2, and 3 generated magnetic field. The vector sum of the horizontal and vertical

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... Characteristics and Models . Static Load Characteristics . Load Window Modeling 21 Distribution System Modeling and Analysis William H. Kersting 21-1 Modeling . Analysis 22 Power System Operation and Control ... for Power Flow and Transient Stability Computer Studies, IEEE Trans on Power Syst., 3(1), 180–187, February 1988 Taylor, C.W., Power System Voltage Stability, EPRI Power System ... per-unit real power and reactive power as a function of per-unit incremental voltage and=or incremental temperature and=or per-unit incremental torque. The incremental form used and the corresponding

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... three-phase overhead and underground line segments. Because of the nature of the distribution system, conventional power-flow and short-circuit programs used for transmission system studies are ... radial systems. The programs also assume a perfectly balanced system so that a single-phase equivalent system is used. If a distribution engineer is to be able to perform accurate power-flow and ... (V=mile) r s ¼resistance of a solid neutral strand (V=mile) k ¼number of concentric neutral strands The geometric mean radii of the phase conductor and a neutral strand are obtained from a standard table of conductor

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... 22 Power System Operation and Control George L. Clark Alabama Power Company Simon W. Bowen Alabama Power Company 22.1 Implementation of Distribution ... the distribution automation system. The ability to remotely monitor and control electric power system facilities found its first application within the power generation and transmission sectors of ... import, and more importantly, the export of power system data values. A modern SCADA system should support the engineering budgeting and planning functions by providing access to power system

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... device. 7. A power fuse is applied close to the substation (2.8–169 kV and X=R between 15 and 25). 8. A distribution fuse is applied farther out on the system (5.2–38 kV and X=R between 8 and 15). 9. ... 67 78 87 Function and Definition Control power. .. and 67N connected in the residual or secondary neutral circuit of current transformers AC power directional or AC power directional ... advances its control through its fast operation, such that both controls are at their second operation, even though only one of them has actually tripped. Should the fault persist, and a second

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... instance, the arrow between Power Flow and DG Control indicates that Power Flow is used by the DG Control task. That is, DG Control can run Power Flow and obtain power flow results. Similarly, ... local control for common DGs is discussed first. Next, controlling a group of DGs as an aggregate is addressed. Then, the DG as part of a hierarchical control system for controlling voltages and system ... set points to the controller of the DG. An operator can supervise the control process and intervene as needed. 24.2 Hierarchical Control: Real-Time Control The hierarchical DG control consists

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... for demand is commonly based on a customer’s maximum demand reached during the billing period. Power (watts or kilowatts) One demand interval Demand FIGURE 25.2 Instantaneous power vs. demand. ß ... Power Factor Angle KVA demand = KW demand 1412 = APF 0.881 = 1603 KVA FIGURE 25.6 Calculation of kVA demand using the Average Power Factor method directly measure only real energy and power ... the coincident demands and is usually less than the sum of the individual peak demands registered by... is one designed and installed so that power flows from the utility system through

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... for Powering and Grounding Electronic Equipment. IEEE Std. 142–1991. IEEE Recommended Practice for Grounding Industrial and Commercial Power Systems. FIPS-94 Publication Electrical Power Systems ... originating in another system. 29.2 Reasons for Grounding There are three basic reasons for grounding a power system: personal safety, protective device operation, and noise control. All three of ... proper protective device operation. 29.2.3 Noise Control Noise control is the third main reason for grounding. Noise is defined as unwanted voltages and currents on a grounding system. This includes

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... 30 Harmonics in Power Systems S.M. Halpin Auburn University Power system harmonics are not a new topic, but the proliferation of high-power electronics used in motor drives and power controllers ... Modeling and Simulation, IEEE Press, 1998. IEEE Standard 519-1992: Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems, IEEE Press, April 1993. Mohan, N., Undeland, ... General guide on harmonics and interharmonics measurements and instrumentation, for power supply systems and equipment connected thereto, Ed. 1.0 b:1991. IEEE Harmonics Modeling and Simulation Task

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... NUCLEAR POWER - SYSTEM SIMULATIONS AND OPERATION Edited by Pavel V Tsvetkov Nuclear Power - System Simulations and Operation Edited by Pavel V Tsvetkov Published ... orders@intechweb.org Nuclear Power - System Simulations and Operation, Edited by Pavel V Tsvetkov p cm ISBN 978-953-307-506-8 Contents Preface IX Chapter Simulation and Simulators for Nuclear Power Generation ... withstand natural disasters and avoid catastrophic consequences This book is one in a series of books on nuclear power published by InTech It consists of ten chapters on system simulations and operational

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 13:20

... computer system of the simulator to handle them quickly and correctly. Simulation and Simulators for Nuclear Power Generation 9 • Instrumentation and control devices taken from the real power ... seen on Fig. 6. Fig. 6. Instrumentation and control system (I&C) is tested on the training simulator Nuclear Power - System Simulations and Operation 12 The black color indicates ... time step and all the analogue meters and annunciators of the Control room are driven accordingly. All the operations of the staff are scanned in and stored in the Log of actions, and are added

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 13:20

... Nuclear Power - System Simulations and Operation The PIEs in each group should be evaluated to identify the events that would be limiting, and. .. of the reactor operation, core power, ... dynamics (CFD) and structural analysis (IAEA, 2008). Each of these topics are being explained with some more details and exemplified next. Nuclear Power - System Simulations and Operation ... and experiments in neutronic and thermal hydraulic Fig A1 Core upper view and pool of the IPR-R1 TRIGA 32 Nuclear Power - System Simulations and Operation The IPR-R1 has been

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 13:20

... Experimental and calculated results at 100 kW of power operation Figures B5 and B6 show the RELAP5 calculation for the inlet and outlet temperature for the TH channel 1, at 50 and 100 kW of power, ... bundles, and the full-length bundle was electrically heated and had uniform axial and radial profiles Three tests were used for 48 Nuclear Power - System Simulations and Operation ... time Nuclear Power - System Simulations and Operation 36 dependent volume was used to simulate the atmospheric pressure on the pool surface. The natural convection system and the primary

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 13:20

... Nuclear Power - System Simulations and Operation operating power shape can be divided into three segments, Pmid, Pbot and (1- Pmid-Pbot) With the sampling values of FΔH, FQ, Pmid and ... RELAP5-3D/K against LBLOCA experiments Nuclear Power - System Simulations and Operation 54 from both LOFT and Semi-scale was summarized in Table 4 and the conservative trend is shown in Figure ... Data Relap5 3D Fig. 10. Comparison of measured and calculated bundle masses Nuclear Power - System Simulations and Operation 52 2.1.9 Refill and reflood heat transfer for PWRs During reflood

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 13:20

... Nuclear Power - System Simulations and Operation 70 • A fault – is a defect within the system. • An error – is a deviation from the required operation of the system or subsystem. • A system ... 76 Nuclear Power - System. .. of string strncmp x Compare two strings Table 1 Analysed system and library calls 78 Nuclear Power - System Simulations and Operation 4.1 Applying ... its Nuclear Power - System Simulations and Operation 72 intended functions correctly and that it is implemented correctly. Instead, we analyse the system call interface and other process

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 13:20

... Distribution System Modeling and Analysis William H Kersting 22 Power System Operation and Control George L Clark and Simon W Bowen 23 Hard to Find Information (on Distribution System Characteristics and ... Reta-Hernandez 14 Sag and Tension of Conductor D.A Douglass and Ridley Thrash 15 Corona and Noise Giao N Trinh 16 Geomagnetic Disturbances and Impacts upon Power System Operation John G Kappenman ... transmission, distribution, and utilization of electric power and energy as well as the modeling, analysis, planning, design, monitoring, and control of electric power systems The individual chapters...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... Oklahoma, and Texas), the winds are strongest in the spring (March and April) and weakest in the summer (July and August) Utilities here are summer peaking, and hence need the most power when ... not spent on hospitals, schools, and the like, then it follows that wind turbines should be as efficient as possible Economies of scale and costs of operation and maintenance are such that the ... 1-4 Land Rights The wind is a free, clean, and inexhaustible energy source It has served humankind well for many centuries by propelling ships and driving wind turbines to grind grain and pump...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... services and are essential for the reliability and operation of the electric power system The electrical services that are supported include generating capacity, energy supply, and the power delivery ... possibility of ‘‘islanding’’ a portion of the system Small: Between large and extremely small Extremely small: Generation less than 100 kVA Location on the system and individual system characteristics ... microturbines and fuel cells, would require more stringent control packages due to their islanding and reverse power capabilities Most of the new developing technologies are inverter based and there...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... Impacts upon Power System Operation John G Kappenman 16-1 Introduction Power Grid Damage and Restoration Concerns Weak Link in the Grid: Transformers An Overview of Power System Reliability ... the system through a switch is the most frequently used voltage control method The capacitor reduces lagging -power- factor reactive power and improves the power factor This increases voltage and ... line, and consists of several thyristor-controlled capacitors in series or parallel, and may include thyristor-controlled inductors Medium- and low-voltage systems use several other electronic control...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11