population stability stability and complexity

... Trang 1LANDMARKS STABILITY AND COMPLEXITY IN MODEL ECOSYSTEMS ROBERT M MAY Trang 2Contents Preface Introduction Mathematical Models and Stability Stability versus Complexity in Multispecies ... AND STABILITY explicitly, and remains relevant to the random ty Auctu- ating environments of Chapters 5 and 6, THE COMMUNITY MATRIX Consider a community comprising but one species, with population ... belief that in- creasing population stability is an automatic matheme" "1 consequence of increasing multispecies complexity That stability may usually go with complexity in the natural

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 18:21

... temperature and population density A related problem is a Trang 3frequent lack of repeatability and an apparent instability when the measurement is undertaken several times on the same population ... temporal stability of a natural population over the years suggests some stabilizing selection for both mean body size and plasticity For laboratory evolution experiments, the natural origin population ... the same population at the same time of the year and analysed two size-related traits, wing and thorax length We also calculated the wing/thorax ratio, which is related to wing loading and flight

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 18:21

... systems, such as Switzerland and Germany, some banks have run into trouble Regional banks in Switzerland failed, and Germany’s BfG Bank suffered huge losses (DM 1.1 billion) in l992 and needed a capital ... the United States as well as in other countries, and to explore the implications of this decline and banks’ responses to it for financial stability and regulatory pol-icy A key policy issue is whether ... derivatives, and the remainder were equity andcommodity derivatives.9 In addition, most of these deriv-atives were held by large banks, and were held primarily per-to facilitate the banks’ dealer and

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 11:20

... Ile, Met and Val) and at the same time reduce undesirable properties of the genetic code (e.g NNK, where K is an equimolar mix of G and T, is less biased than NNN toward Leu, Ser and Arg, and includes ... understand what makes proteins
tick and to eng ineer proteins with native-like properties In this review we discuss combinatorial approaches toward understandingprotein structure and stability ... straightforward manner, and we will focus instead on the issue of screening those libraries Screens and selections The earliest applications of selections and screens for protein structure and stability were

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... Trang 1Stability and instability of the Cauchy horizon for the spherically symmetric Einstein-Maxwell-scalar field equations By Mihalis Dafermos Trang 2Stability and instability of the ... integrand is positive, r is nonincreasing in u, and |λ| is nondecreasing in u, and by virtue of (24) and the hypothesis (54), we can bound the first Trang 26supremum term on the right-hand side ... point of intersection of the right-I and the corresponding left-I region) and parametrize the u = 0 line segment by 0≤ v ≤ V with s = (0, 0) and p = (0, V ), and parametrization determined by the

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... triangle) and c-kitC12 (open diamond). Trang 8adopted by c-kit C-rich strands, we performed CD stud-ies (Fig S3) and UV melting studstud-ies at 287 and 265 nm (Fig S4) at both pH 6.0 and 7.0 Both CD and ... 1 and 2 are linear equations where Au and Al are terms describing upper and lower baselines, respectively, bu and bl are fitted parameters for the intercepts for the upper and lower baseline, and ... c-kitG4 and Table 1 Quadruplexes with various flank lengths and their respective complementary strand sequences used in this study G0 and C0 are the core c-kit quadruplex-forming sequence and its

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 02:20

... thermodynamic stability (DG U ), and kinetic folding ⁄ unfolding parameters (k f and ku) for hyperthermostable proteins If not otherwise stated, T M and DG U refer to pH 7, and k f ⁄ k u to pH 7 and 20–25 ... 1Thermodynamic stability and folding of proteins fromhyperthermophilic organisms Kathryn A Luke1,2, Catherine L Higgins3and Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede1,2,4 1 Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, ... dimer stability at high tempera-tures; the stability maximum remains at 30C and DCp is equal to that for a mesostable protein of the same size [43] The kinetic unfolding⁄ dissociation and refolding⁄

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... catalyticresidues, the overall enzyme’s stability and conformational Raimondo De Cristofaro1, Andrea Carotti2, Sepideh Akhavan3,*, Roberta Palla3, Flora Peyvandi3, Cosimo Altomare2 and Pier Mannuccio Mannucci3 ... found to be 7.5 and 6.9 in ligand-free DK9 and WT thrombin, respectively Urea-induced denaturation studies showed higher instability of the DK9 mutant compared with WT thrombin, and disulfide scrambling ... intensity and exposure to solvent in a number of Trp residues (60d, 96, 148, 207, and 215) [12] In particular, Trp207 and Trp29 residues, located at the boundary between the A- and B-chains and interacting

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 12:20

... kfold and kunfold are the rate constants for folding and unfolding of WT*, kfoldand kunfoldare the folding and unfolding rates of the mutants derived from the chevron plot analysis, and bfis ... WT=kfoldmutÞ=DDGeq ð8Þ where kfoldWT* and kfoldmut are the folding rates for the WT* and mutant protein, and DDGeqis the difference in equilibrium stability between mutant and WT* The single point S19P ... P37A, P38A and the A37A38 double mutant and have examined chemical shift perturba-tions and the pattern of NOEs in the vicinity of the mutation sites Deviations of Ha signals from random coil

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 16:20

... Trang 1Processing, stability, and kinetic parameters of C5a peptidaseElizabeth T Anderson1, Michael G Wetherell1, Laurie A Winter1, Stephen B Olmsted1, Patrick P Cleary2and Yury V Matsuka1 1 ... We have also evaluated the thermal stability and kinetic parameters ofC5a peptidase and the results are discussed with regard to the structural organization and biological activity E X P E R I ... E280, 0.1%¼ (5690 W + 1280Y + 120S-S)/M, where W, Y, and S-S represent the number ofTrp and Tyr residues and disulfide bonds, respectively, and M represents the molecular mass [11,12] Molecular

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 16:20

... Diaz-Alejandro (1985), Kaminsky and Reinhart (1999), Frenkel (1995), and Agenor and. .. manufacture of plastic products, manufacture of professional and scientific and measuring and ... Patinkin (1993), and Bruno (1993) on Israel; and Dornbusch (1995), and Frenkel and Fanelli (1998) on Argentina The IMF itself has had access to a series of interim reports and staff papers ... and stabilization is summarized in Calvo (2001), Calvo and Vegh (1999), Calvo, Reinhart and Vegh (1995), Amadeo (1996), Agenor (2000), Akyuz and Cornforth (1999), Calvo, Leiderman and

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 19:20

... Identical and similar residues within the TRP family are shown in dark and light green, those within the TTR family in dark and light blue, and those within the TLP subgroup in dark and light ... regions are found at sites corresponding to b-strands B and E in TLPs, and to a-helix E in TTRs and TRPs (B) Phylogenetic tree of TRPs, TTRs, and TLPs The tree was based on the multiple sequence ... properties of sbTTR and ecTRP in vitro, and compared the results with those of hTTR Our results showed that hTTR, sbTTR and ecTRP can form fibrillar structures, but under different solu-tion and temperature

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20

... conformation and stability in solution To characterize the effects of divalent cations on CRMP-2 structure and stability, CD spectroscopy was carried out in the presence of NaCl, CaCl2and MgCl2 ... structure and properties of the CRMP-2 protein, both in solution and in the crystal state Divalent cations have a drastic effect on both the stability and oligo-meric state of CRMP-2, and a number ... deamidation site and four of the main oxidation sites The second one contains the remaining two main oxidation sites and two minor deamidation sites, and the third one a minor deamidation site and three

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... El-Hawary The RF and Microwave Handbook, Second Edition, Mike Golio The Technology Management Handbook, Richard C. Dorf The Transforms and Applications Handbook, Second Edition, Alexander D. Poularikas The ... Alexander D. Poularikas The Handbook of Nanoscience, Engineering, and Technology, Second Edition, William A. Goddard, III, Donald W. Brenner, Sergey E. Lyshevski, and Gerald J. Iafrate The Handbook ... Ilyas and Hussein T. Mouftah The Industrial Electronics Handbook, J. David Irwin The Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, John G. Webster The Mechanical Systems Design Handbook,

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... Plains (Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas), the winds are strongest in the spring (March and April) and weakest in the summer (July and August) Utilities here are summer peaking, and hence need the most ... 1-4 Land Rights The wind is a free, clean, and inexhaustible energy source It has served humankind well for many centuries by propelling ships and driving wind turbines to grind grain and pump ... 1970s was a 1250-kW machine built on Grandpa’s Knob, near Rutland, Vermont, in 1941 This turbine, called the Smith-Putnam machine, had a tower that was 34 m high and a rotor 53 m in diameter The rotor

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... islanding issues, communication and control, voltage regulation, frequency control, fault detection, safety issues, and synchronization In the appli-cations section, deferred investment, demand ... their use limited Utility rules and interconnect requirements have also limited the use of small generators and storage devices to mostly emergency, standby, and power quality applications The ... large base generation plants, and stranded investment of transmission and distribution facilities is a subject of debate This, coupled with improvements in the cost and reliability of DU technologies,

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... (Ampacity) . Inductance and Inductive Reactance . Capacitance and Capacitive Reactance . Characteristics of Overhead Conductors 14 Sag and Tension of ConductorD.A Douglass and Ridley Thrash 14-1 ... capacitor reduces lagging-power-factor reactive power and improves the power factor This increases voltage and reduces current and losses Mechanical and thyristor switches are used to insert or remove ... Transmission Lines Highvoltage and extra-high-voltage (EHV) transmission lines interconnect power plants and loads, and form an electric network.Figure 8.4shows a typical high-voltage and EHV system This

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... longitudinal, transverse, and vertical directions, and the structure deterministically designed 5 Using the loads and structure configuration, ground line reactions are calculated and used to accomplish ... words and in a diagram The technique is based on the premise that loads and strengths are stochastic variables and the combined reliability is computable if the statistical functions of loads and ... by mandatory regulations and construction and maintenance loads d1 Calculate climatic limit loads d2 Calculate loads related to security e Determine strength co-ordination f Select load and strength

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... need to carry the weight of the conductors and the weight of occasional ice and wind loading In northern areas and in higher elevations, insulators and lines are frequently covered by ice in ... from tension to compression and back) The insulator’s one-minute tension strength is measured and used for insulator selection In addition, each cap-and-pin or ball-and-socket insulator is loaded ... sheds were molded and cured to form solid insulators These insulators were tested and used in England for several years Most of them were exposed to harsh environmental stresses and failed However,

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11

... open views of the landscape free of poles and wires One could also argue that underground lines are more reliable than overhead lines as they are not susceptible to weather and tree caused outages, ... strands Conductors used at transmission voltages may have exotic stranding to reduce the voltage stress Cables requiring greater flexibility such as portable power cable utilize very fine strands ... because of flexibility The metal type and size determines the ampacity and losses (I2R) Copper having a higher intrinsic conductivity will have a greater ampacity and lower resistance than an equivalent

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 12:11