politicians for sale evidence from the 1990s

... in the magnitudes of the effects of the explanatory variables on the probability of crisis but rather the sign and 18 The global variables were computed using the data for the 124 countries for ... have used the signals approach, a 8 The trend was estimated using the Hodrick–Prescott filter for the period 1990–2011. 9 The trend was estimated using the Hodrick-Prescott filter for the period ... cannot reform because there is no political consensus and the reform requires broad support from the highest political levels (such as the parliament) for implementation Our paper is the first

Ngày tải lên: 29/08/2016, 08:24

... firm, then it is likely that the merger motive is synergy related Hypothesis 4: The third component, the long-run value of the M/B ratio of the acquiring firm, is increased (decreased) if the merger ... Cash is the dominant payment method for acquisitions before 1990; stock is used more often after 1990 The number of stock acquisitions in the 1990s is almost twice that in the 1980s The mean ... in the 1990s almost doubles that in the 1980s; the median deal value increased slightly in the 1990s M/B RATIO DECOMPOSITION RESULTS The mean and median values of M/B of acquirers one year before

Ngày tải lên: 18/12/2017, 00:33

... convince the market that banks still gain profits from lending However, it is not safe for banks in the future Therefore, pro–cyclical credit policy might lead the increase in performance but then, the ... threshold for banks to decide whether they lend or not The higher the expected rate of return banks desire, the higher threshold of credit standards they set to their customers Trang 2112 The right–hand ... originate from the changes of the economy When there is a negative economic surprise from one or some macroeconomic determinants, there would be two cases: (i) the borrowers cannot service their

Ngày tải lên: 31/08/2020, 13:31

... Analysis The results of the survey were analyzed in two parts. The first part was the profiling of the respondents in terms of individual and profile. The second part was the assessment of the procuring ... and LLT in the Ministry of Health. 5. Significance of the Study This study will benefit the government, PMUs, bidders, and other researchers. The government can amend the law to remove the gaps ... To formulate the best method to make the procurement system be more effective. 4. Hypotheses of the Study. - It was assumed that higher transparency and openness is the better preconditions for

Ngày tải lên: 18/07/2014, 14:50

... categories from the component Body Structures were reported in the open and the ICF-based approach, respectively Accuracy of the analysis The kappa coefficient for the agreement between the two ... influencing their everyday life (Table 1) In the ICF-based approach, each of the titles of the ICF chapters from which categories are included in the Com-prehensive ICF Core Set for RA were presented For ... trained in the linking rules was consulted In a discussion led by the third person, the two health professionals that linked the concepts stated their pros and cons for the linking of the concept

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 08:22

... combination of the linear-no-thresholdmodel from the A-bomb survivors in the low dose range and the cancer risk data ofpatients receiving radiotherapy for Hodgkin’s disease in the high dose range Thedata ... †initial slope from colon, ◇ initial slope from oral cavity, +age dependence from ‡ Trang 4assigned for breast, 100:0% for thyroid and skin, 30:70% for lung, and 50:50% for allothers [19] The risk ... in the limit of R = 1: relationships approach the LNT model and the initial slope b can be obtained from the most recent data for solid cancer incidence Here the data for a follow-up period from

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... perform group activities Table 4 shows the results for the association between social support and time spent on LTPA For the engage-ment group, the highest level of the material dimension and the ... individual gains from performing an activity and the belief in their enhanced ability to per-form the activity could be related to maintenance of the activity and the time spent performing it [36] ... main-tained The main idea of these theories is that motiva-tion toward protecmotiva-tion results from a perceived threat and the desire to avoid the potential negative outcome In other words, the motivation

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... ZF [3-16] The ANTP and PRD classes are substantially larger than the other classes, and these two classes are thought to be sister clades [5,7] Within the ANTP class, there is evidence for a monophyletic ... [5,17,37-45] Alter-natively, the Cnidaria could have diverged from the Bilateria after the origin of the class founder genes (for example, the ancestral ANTP class gene, the ancestral PRD class gene, ... belong to the ANTP class, one to the HNF class, four to the LIM class, five to the POU class, 33 to the PRD class, five to the SINE class, and six to the TALE class (Table 1) This represents the first

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 16:21

... moresignificantly driving the relation To perform the analyses, the overallCGIscores are replaced in the regression models with the scores from thefive survey sub-indices In their study on the association ... in the followingsections describing the robustness tests Furthermore, we examine therelation between each of the five sub-indices of the CGI and marketvaluation to test whether any one of these ... used asthe performance indicator The results are also robust to the number ofsurvey questions used in the index, up to a random reduction of 10 of the 86 questions Of the five categories of the OECD

Ngày tải lên: 02/01/2015, 17:33

... database6 for the period from 1996 to 2004 For each of the companies included in the sample, the audit firm and the related tenure were traced either from the above data sources or from the Taccuino ... the impact of the IFRS adoption.5The data were collected from consolidated financial statements retrieved from two sources: the Calepino dell'azionista for the period from 1985 to 1995; and the ... appointed, the audit firm was retained for at least three years At the end of each three-year period, the auditee had the option to reappoint the auditor for an additional term At the end of

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:41

... possible following acceptance The DOI for this manuscript and the correct format for citing the paper are given at the top of the online (html) abstract Once the final published version of this ... First, for the outgoing auditor, there is no evidence of lower-quality audits due to shirking in the final-year engagement However, there is some evidence of abnormally higher fees, as the final-year ... generalizing from the Italian experience to other countries, particularly given the relatively small number of mandatory rotations in the study However, the evidence should give pause to regulators in other

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:41

... each year and 0 otherwise, POWER = the natural logarithm of each company’s sales divided by the sum of industry sales for all firms in the industry audited by the company’s auditor The INITIAL variable ... quality, the extent of the fresh view is less than that of the latter because of the potential knowledge transfer and staff sharing within the audit firm Thus, it is not clear whether the results from ... standards In the wake of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which the U.S enacted in response to the accounting irregularities of Enron, the Korean government formed a task force composed of experts from

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:43

... 2002, the South Korean government formed a task force composed of experts from both the public and private sectors. The group was mandated with formulating robust reform proposals to further ... introduce more dynamism into the audit market. The Green Paper called for more research to further inform this potential policy initiative. The EC is proposing major reforms to the European audit profession ... rotate away from the audit firm they deem to be the most appropriate specialist for their [...]... examine the impact of industry specialist on audit quality and fees and the interaction

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:43

... quality or effectiveness Therefore the criteria for measuring performance of State actors are not performance based These are not unique either to LEP or other legal documents In the interview with ... insights into the environmental legal regulation in Vietnam and the impacts they have on the industry I.1 Research questions The thesis aims to answer the following questions, from the macro level ... situation for the environment but further research is needed The thesis is inspired by the idea of further research on the linkages that should be made on the industry specific basis rather than...

Ngày tải lên: 24/08/2013, 18:48

... ms , τ The surprise computed in this way, therefore, is equal to the “true” surprise, plus the average targeting errors made later in the month, minus the scaled-up premium The first of these may ... non-trivial, so the change in the one-month futures rate is used when the target rate change occurs within three days of the end of the month, which was the case for five of the 42 changes in the sample ... the persistence of funds rate changes is to blame for the failure If changes in the target rate tend to persist for months at a time, then the slope of the yield curve will contain little information...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 02:21

... pattern: the recovery from the Great Contraction in the 1930s; the recovery after the recession of the early 1990s and the present recovery The present recovery is strikingly more tepid than the 1990s ... pattern: the recovery from the Great Contraction in the 1930s; the recovery after the recession of the early 1990s and the present recovery The present recovery is strikingly more tepid than the 1990s ... shows the quarterly path of GDP from the preceding peak to the trough of each business cycle and then the quarterly path of GDP from the trough for the same number of quarters that occurred in the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 19:20

... for Germany and the highest one was 23 bp points for Greece For the same period, the lowest average bond spread was bp for both France and The Netherlands, and the highest average was 25 bp for ... 2010, was obtained from the ECB webpage The negative sign for the bond spread in Finland in 2010 is due to the fact that the average yield of the Finnish bond was lower than for the German bond ... and zero before then One might expect that the higher the counterparty risk, the lower the power of the CDS market to adequately reflect the credit risk due to the lower quality of the protection...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 07:20

... after the last immunization, blood was collected from the heart For expression of the full-length cDNA in E coli, the same system was used except for the vector PCR was performed to insert the ... which correspond to the cDNA sequence obtained by 3¢ RACE The reaction was carried out for 25 cycles under the following conditions: 94 °C for 30 s, 55 °C for 30 s and 72 °C for The resulting PCR ... G/C)GG(A/C/T)GA(A/G)AA(A/G)GG(A/T/G/C)AT-3¢, designed from the amino acid sequence, KVGEKGI The amplification conditions were as follows: 30 cycle at 94 °C for 0.5 min, 52 °C for min, and 72 °C for The PCR products obtained from 3¢ RACE...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 23:20

... during the war in the war regions have lower height -for- age Z-scores than children born during the war in the non-war regions We observe a similar result for the cohorts of children born before the ... were young at the start of the war in the war regions of Ethiopia have lower height -for- age Z-scores 12 before the war ended to the Z-scores of children born after the war ended in the war regions ... term The coefficient 1 measures the war’s impact on children’s height -for- age Z-scores for children born before the war in war-affected regions, while the coefficient 2 measures the impact of the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... impact on foreign banks Therefore, foreign banks not adjust their lending and deposit rates according to the change in the host market economic growth and inflation The same conclusion is for the central ... out of the four presented models) Since the Lebanese financial market is very small and inactive, the banking sector is – by large – the main source of funding for investors Therefore, the domestic ... the effect of macroeconomic factors on deposit rate is different from that of loans A higher level of permanent income increases the demand for deposits and therefore, reduces the incentive for...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 17:20