policies a timeline and methods for transition

... Ameri-can Heart Association (AHA), US Department of Agricul-ture (USDA), and the American Diabetes Association (ADA) [7-9] are based on research and are in the interest of public health but are ... mental, and financial costs of CVD and diabetes The impact of public health campaigns is maximized when a health message is simple and easy to understand [6] Dietary guidelines like those put forth ... advisory is easier to follow, and may have benefi-cial collateral effects on other areas of diet (e.g., reduced caloric and saturated fat intake, and increased intake of protective foods) Such a simple

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2022, 09:51

... characteristics of landmark-based navigation as follows: & Natural landmarks offer flexibility and require no modifications to the environment & Artificial landmarks are inexpensive and ... positioning accuracy depends on the distance and angle between the robot and the landmark Landmark navigation is rather inaccurate when the robot is further away from the landmark A higher degree of accuracy ... inexpensive and can have additional information encoded as patterns or shapes & The maximal distance between robot and landmark is substantially shorter than in active beacon systems & The positioning

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... well as relative elevation Sutherland showed that a careful choice of landmarks usually leads to improved localization Talluri and Aggarwal [1990] formulated position... relative reference for ... internal parameters of the camera are called intrinsic camera parameters and they include the effective focal length f, the radial lens distortion factor, and the image scanning parameters, which are ... landmarks or maps. On the other hand, landmarks, object models, and maps should provide necessary spatial information that is easy to be sensed. When landmarks or maps of an environment are not available,

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... pp. 1104-1105. 198. Maenaka, K., Tsukahara, M., and Nakamura, T., 1990, “Monolithic Silicon Magnetic Compass.” Sensors and Actuators, pp. 747-750. 199. Magee, M. and Aggarwal, J., 1984, “Determining ... of a Robot Using a Single Calibrated Object.” Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Atlanta, GA, March 13-15, pp. 140-149. 200. Mahajan, A., 1992, “A Navigation ... and Watanabe, Y., 1993, “Using Fuzzy Behaviors for the Outdoor Navigation of a Car with Low-Resolution Sensors.” IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Atlanta, Georgia, May

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... International Conference on Robotics and Automation, May, pp pages? 398 Xu, H and Chi, X., 1993, “Calibration and Parameter Identification for Laser Scanning GA, May 10-15, pp 665-670 399 Yoo, J and ... Trang 1Two Sensors.” IEEE Transactions on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vol 36, No.8, pp 1357-1360 of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Atlanta, GA, May ... “Autonomous Landmark Selection for Route and Automation, Sacramento, CA, April 9-11, pp 2004-2009 Trang 2SUBJECT INDEXAC 47, 59, 65, 81, 82, 103, 226, 246 acceleration 10, 73, 146, 220, 223 accelerometer

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... odometry accuracy through reduced slippage, since all wheels generate equal and parallel force vectors at all times The required mechanical synchronization can be accomplished in a number of ways, ... gear-drive approach An enclosed gear train also significantly reduces noise as well as particulate generation, the latter being very important in clean-room applications An example of a three-wheeled ... shaftDrive (Adapted from Holland [1983].) a transfer case, a differential, and a series of universal joints A representative example is seen in the HMMWV-based prototype of the USMC Tele-Operated

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... ring magnet or pair of bar magnets attached to a graduated mica readout disk The magnet and disk assembly floats in a mixture of water and alcohol or glycerine, such that it is free to rotate around ... the magnet assembly in an inert fluid Trang 7Material Permeability µTable 2.3: Permeability ranges for selected materials. Values vary with proportional make-up, heat treatment, and mechanical ... instruments have small adjustable weights that can be moved radially to balance the needle for any given local area of operation Marine compasses ensure alignment in the horizontal plane by floating

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... data formats. (Courtesy of [Byrne, 1993].) Once the raw data was converted to files with latitude, longitude, and navigation mode in columnar form, the data was prepared for analysis. Data manipulations ... extract position and navigation data. This was done so that the raw data could be analyzed again if there were any questions with the results. Also, storing the data as it came in from the serial ... was used for the static testing because AC power was available. For the dynamic testing, the low power LCD display was used. 3.3.2.3 Data post processing The GPS data was stored in raw form and

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... in azimuth and 60 degrees in elevation The scanning sequence follows a raster-scan pattern and can illuminate and detect an array of 128×128 pixels at a frame rate of 1.2 Hz [Boltinghouse et al., ... InGaAs laser diode in conjunction with an avalanche photodiode detector, and is available with both analog and digital (RS-232) outputs. Table 4.3 lists general specifications for the sensor's ... Some... consists of a rotating polygonal mirror which pans the laser beam across the scene, and a planar mirror whose back-and-forth nodding motion tilts the beam for a realizable field of view

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... fewer landmarks are needed for a given travel distance & Many mapping and landmark matching algorithms (for example: [Gonzalez et al., 1992; Chenavier and Crowley, 1992]) assume that the ... calculate range and range-rate information from the RF data and analyze the results in conjunction with vehicle velocity, braking, and steering-angle information If necessary, the Control Display ... can maintain its position well enough to allow the robot to look for landmarks in a limited area and to match features in that limited area to achieve short processing time and to improve matching

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... different from that of, say, a landmark-based system Inertial navigation sensors are self-contained, non-radiating, and non-jammable Fundamentally, gyros provide angular rate and accelerometers ... gyro data was used (note that a large average deviation from the mean value indicates larger non-systematic errors, as explained in Sec 5.1) Komoriya and Oyama explain that the noticeable deviation ... velocity rate information Dynamic information is provided through direct measurements However, the main disadvantage is that the angular rate data and the linear velocity rate data must be integrated

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... characteristics of landmark-based navigation as follows: & Natural landmarks offer flexibility and require no modifications to the environment & Artificial landmarks are inexpensive and ... positioning accuracy depends on the distance and angle between the robot and the landmark Landmark navigation is rather inaccurate when the robot is further away from the landmark A higher degree of accuracy ... inexpensive and can have additional information encoded as patterns or shapes & The maximal distance between robot and landmark is substantially shorter than in active beacon systems & The positioning

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... landmarks or maps. On the other hand, landmarks, object models, and maps should provide necessary spatial information that is easy to be sensed. When landmarks or maps of an environment are not available, ... internal parameters of the camera are called intrinsic camera parameters and they include the effective focal length f, the radial lens distortion factor, and the image scanning parameters, which are ... brief introduction of a vision sensor model and describe the methods that use landmarks, object models and maps, and the methods for map building. 9.1 Camera Model and Localization Geometric models

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... observed land- [Atiya and Hager, top Elaborazione Segnali ed Immagini tioning Systems Laboratory Trang 8Systems-at-a-Glance Tables Landmark PositioningModel based vision TRC LabMate 512×512 gray-level ... Estimation for Camera Calibration and Landmark Cincinnati, OH, May 13-18, pp 420-426 Academic Press Inc., San Diego, CA.Acuna, M.H and Pellerin, C.J., 1969, “A Miniature 252-260. 3 Adams, M.D., ... coordinate 2-D laser range- Sun Sparc Cyclone 2-D laser Local map: line Max 5 cm On SUN Matching: remove seg- Local map: [Gonzalez et al., global map update Trang 12Systems-at-a-Glance Tables Landmark

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... Robotics and Automation, Atlanta, GA, March 13-15, pp 140-149 200 Mahajan, A., 1992, “A Navigation System for Guidance and Control of Autonomous Vehicles Based on an Ultrasonic 3-D Location System.” ... and Puttkamer, E., 1990, “Laser-Radar Based Mapping and Navigation for an Autonomous Mobile Robot.” Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Cincinnati, OH, May ... of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Atlanta, GA, May 10-15, pp 373-379 Trang 290 Dahlin, T and Krantz, D., 1988, “Low-Cost, Medium-Accuracy Land Navigation System.”Sensors,

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... and Thompson, W.B., 1993, “Inexact Navigation.” Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, May, pp. pages? 398. Xu, H. and Chi, X., 1993, “Calibration and Parameter ... and Fujimura, K., 1993, “Map Making by Cooperating Mobile Robots.” Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Atlanta, GA, May 10-15, pp. 254-259. 397. Sutherland, ... “Calibration and Parameter Identification for Laser Scanning Sensor.” Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, Atlanta, GA, May 10-15, pp. 665-670. 399. Yoo, J. and Sethi,

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:21

... Results and Discussion: Using data on leg-length inequality obtained by accurate and reliable x-ray methods, the prevalence of anatomic inequality was found to be 90%, the mean magnitude of anatomic ... above, does not direct the central ray at the femoral heads and therefore uses a mathematical formula to take the effect innominate rotation into account in measuring LLI The results calcu-lated ... pooled data in this review A significant difference of Juhl et al's methods of examina-tion was that the central ray was directed at the level of the sacral base, and not the femoral heads Due

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:22

... conventional approaches 1.1 Model Space and Data Space Let S be the physical system under study For instance, S can be a galaxy for an astrophysicist, Earth for a geophysicist, or a quantum particle for ... Space and Data Space book 2004/11/19 page ✐ manifold A probability over M is a mapping that, with any subset A of M , associates a nonnegative real number, P (A) , named the probability of A ... instrument” as if all the measurements could result from a single reading on a large apparatus, although, more realistically, we generally have some readings from several apparatuses Assume that when making...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 15:24

... the usually pointPage shaped beacons, Artificial Landmarks may be defined as a set of features, e.g., a shape or an area Additional information, for example distance, can be derived from measuring ... state-of-the-art in each one of the above categories We compare and analyze different methods based on technical publications and on commercial product and patent information Mobile robot navigation is a ... globe can be broken into two components: one that acts around an imaginary vertical axis normal to the surface, and another that acts around an imaginary horizontal axis tangent to the surface These...

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2013, 21:16

... entire gyro assembly is rotated back and forth about the sensing axis in an oscillatory fashion State-of-the-art dithered active ring laser gyros have a scale factor linearity that far surpasses the ... just a single mode is allowed to propagate, constrained to travel only along the waveNumerical aperture guide axis [Nolan and Blaszyk, 1991] Light can randomly change polariza tion states as it ... Futaba FP-G154 [FUTABA] is a lowcost low-accuracy mechanical rate gyro designed for use in radio-controlled model helicopters and model airplanes The Futaba FP-G154 costs less than $150 and is available...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2013, 20:16