physical and biological links in the great barrier reef

... PROCESSESOF CORAL REEFS Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef Trang 2OCEANOGRAPHIC PROCESSESOF CORAL REEFS Physical and Biological Links in the Great Barrier Reef Edited by Eric ... 00-048569 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Printed on acid-free paper Trang 4I have maintained an on-going and deep interest in the Great Barrier Reef ever since I was involved ... B.Sc in civil engineering in 1969 from the Catholic University of Louvain, his M.Sc in civil and geological engineering in 1970 from Princeton University, and his Ph.D in environmental engineering...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... is not good for maintaining existing seagrass meadows or inshore coral reefs in the GBR Quantifying the sediment-induced degradation of seagrass and inshore coral reefs is also the focus of Fortes ... lagoon The windward reef slope is usually very steep At the lee side of reefs and in their lagoons, there are commonly numerous coral outcrops reaching all the way to the surface In some areas, the ... the relevance of science and the need for science in planning the future of the GBR The book emphasises multi-disciplinary processes, i.e., physics –biology links, as these emerge as the dominant...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... approximately 78% There have also been significant reductions in other wetland categories, including a 64% reduction in palm- and pandanus-dominated wetlands and a 55% reduction in freshwater reed ... mm d1 The samples were collected either by lowering a bucket from a bridge at a point above the centre of the flowing part of the channel, or more directly by wading into the stream The samples ... to discriminate between the effects of intensive and non-intensive land uses on water quality, it was not possible to dis-criminate within these broad groupings For the purposes of the present...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... pastoral activities in the catchments adjoining the GBR CATCHMENTS ADJOINING THE GBR Continental drainage basins with an aggregate area of 425,000 km2drain into the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage ... Basins Draining into the Great Barrier Reef Region ) continued Trang 4TABLE 1 (continued) ) Note: Average rainfall calculated by overlaying basin boundaries on the long-term isohyet map Basin ... 2000) Most of the remaining area of the GBR catchment is or was covered by wood-lands or savanna woodwood-lands Open range cattle grazing is the principal land use in these areas The most complete...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... seagrass growth, the light condition bringing about the elevated amino acid content in the plants In response to shading and increased water depth, the carbon isotope ratio (13C) of H pinifolia leaves ... Boto and Wellington (1983) and Feller (1995) Growth of Rhizophora apiculata seedlings living at the edge of progressing man-grove forests at the study sites in the Philippines and Thailand is ... habit, and decrease species diversity (Dodge & Vaisnys, 1977) The diver-sity of corals on all intertidal flats in the vicinity of tin dredging and smelting activi-ties around Laem Pan Qah peninsula,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... bleaching) are uniform in timing and frequency across the continental shelf, but vary within cross-shelf regions in frequency (100 or 200 time units) and in timing Finally, inshore and midshelf reefs ... concepts and interactions and their consequences, and to effectively portray them to a non-expert audience; 2 The increased rigour in understanding the concepts and processes involved, required in ... scales The overall marked decline in condition of inshore reefs would therefore be very difficult to detect and attribute, despite being unequivocally due to the eutrophication (in the model) The...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... of Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines The Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is part of the Indo-Pacific biogeographic region, and contains a subset of the Indo-Pacific taxa found in the most species-rich ... It was also low on the outermost reefs in the southern corner (Pompeys and Swains), and on the northern mid- and outer-shelf reefs The spatial model explained 46% of variation in soft coral cover ... on the inner-shelf, between 15 and 43% on mid-shelfs, and 10 to 40% on the outer-shelf reefs On mid- and outer-shelf reefs, it tended to be higher in the northern than in the southern part of the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... including the influence from rivers intruding into the GBR from Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya The mainland catchments have been divided into 35 drainage basins The two largest basins in this ... the main driving influences on the fate of the plume water were the discharge volume of the river (in the near field, that is, less than 100 km from the mouth) and the local wind forcing in the ... 1981 These measured distributions include the direct rainfall and runoff from other smaller rivers within the region including the Haughton, Ross, and Barron Rivers, which are not included in the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... 1Connectivity in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area— An Overview of Pathways and Processes Mike Cappo and Russell Kelley CONTENTS Introduction 161 The Great Barrier Reef in Time and Space ... intercon-nection of all these reefs through the planktonic movement across the ocean The Reef cannot be thought of, either, as separate from the mainland coasts, with their many fringes of great mangrove ... breeding-ground for 11 Trang 2many species which during part of their lives may enter the waters of the reef proper The interlocking and interdependent physical factors which have so long kept the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... to line-fish in the offshore sections of these habitats rather than in the more accessible inshore edge of the reef shoal and inter -reef The rationale for these increasing ... This new model incorporated both the trawl and line fisheries, and focussed on the dynamics of the penaeid prawn community in the lagoon and inter-reef habitat. Trawl and line-fishing bycatch was ... (1988). THE FISHERY The fishery was divided into two fleets: • The reef line fishery for large reef/inter-reef carnivores, both schooling and non-schooling fish, which was combined with the indigenous...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... 7a and d) During ebb tide, the net northeasterly current bifurcated to thewest of the reef, accelerated around the northern and southern ends, and recombinedsome distance to the east, producing ... retained inthe vicinity of the reef for more than 2 days, zones of aggregation remained on theeastern face, and there was very little trapping on the western side or in the lagoon.However, during ... projections or indentations in the reef margin withthe resultant formation of particulate-rich eddies In the lee of the reef, gyres andeddies, depending on their size, location, strength, and duration,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... effectively maintain-ing mixmaintain-ing and preventmaintain-ing any significant heatmaintain-ing Animation 4 demonstrates that the major heating period for the southern GBR was between 15 and 17 February, ... During the winter (the dry season) the dominant winds are the southeast trades, which can create a northward current over the shelf During the summer monsoon, the winds can be more fickle In ... wind, the winds picked up substantially and the mixing was another period of low winds only a week later, but unlike the northern section, this coincided with a maximum in the tidal range in the...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... itself • In hinterland and coastal land use that affects the GBR I NNER R EEFS Land clearing in the river catchments draining into the GBR has been rapid and is still continuing, and the landscape ... and aesthetically. COMPARISON WITH THE LAND In thinking of the future of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), we can learn from our treatment of the Australian landscape In the process of increasing agricultural ... engineering works (dredging, airport construction, and building on reefs and causeways); heavy unregulated tourism; nutrient and silt input (sewage, land clearing; hinterland forestry and farming,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... recently, the literature on supply chain management has reflected a growing awareness of the intertwinement of financial and operational decisions, and the influence of the financing structure on the ... have emphasized the negative outcomes of neglecting the financial flows and the necessity to coordinate operational and financial decisions The joint planning of physical and financial flows enables ... considers the supply chain planning problem taking into account budget constraints, relations between firms, and demand uncertainties We propose a model for planning physical flows by integrating financial...

Ngày tải lên: 14/05/2020, 22:46

... coral reef Fringe reefs grow in very shallow water surrounding land, such as coasts or islands.Theseare the youngest types of reefs. Barrier reefs grow in deeper water a bit farther offshore. They ... reef The dangerous creature is covered with poisonous spines. Trang 9Life in the Reefome of the most unique and beautiful creatures in the world live inthe Great Barrier Reef Glown, parrot, mandarin, ... dugongs In return, the Aboriginal people work to protect the animals and ensure they will remain a part of the Great Barrier Reef forever a Dugongs live off the Australian coast and in other areas...

Ngày tải lên: 13/01/2015, 14:51

... made in solving the grand problem of their correlation, little has been learned of their intimate nature, and the method of their operation This is due, in the highest degree, to certain theories ... 14CHAPTER III THE GREAT FORCES, THEIR CHARACTER AND OPERATIONS I now ask, What is the intimate and inherent nature of those forces? Do they, or either of them, belong to the domain of the supernatural? ... fitting interpretation [Pg 40] 2d Motions and frictions of every kind;[C] the motions of the waters of the earth, the great oceans, with their rolling tides sweeping the whole circumference of the...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 01:20

... trường, ảnh hưởng môi trường thiết bị thi công Theo kinh nghiệm, hàm lượng xi măng khoảng 50 ~ 300 kg/m3 đất Theo thống kê hàm lượng xi măng thay đổi theo loại đất NHẬN XÉT VÀ KẾT LUẬN  Trong năm ... an toàn 2.1.2 Đánh giá ổn định cọc xi măng – đất theo trạng thái giới hạn Tính toán theo trạng thái giới hạn 2, đảm bảo cho móng cọc không phát sinh biến dạng lún lớn: ΣSi < [S] Trong đó: [S] – ... ta Như đại lộ Đông Tây Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, dự án cải tạo môi trường thành phố Hồ Chí Minh, tầng hầm công trình cao tầng Tamsquaer Đồng Khởi Tp Hồ Chí minh nhà máy điện Ô môn Cần Thơ số công...

Ngày tải lên: 12/03/2014, 10:37

... Giới thiệu Dự án Đường cao tốc Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh – Long Thành – Dầu Giây chia theo hợp đồng thành hai (2) đoạn chính; Đoạn từ Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh – Long Thành với chiều dài khoảng 20km đoạn ... phương án thay đường Theo đánh giá ban đầu, giá thành hệ thống cọc vào khoảng gấp lần so với phương pháp bấc thấm thơng thường Việc so sánh giá trình bày phần sau Có thong tin phương pháp cọc xi ... phương pháp xử lý đất yếu đề xuất bước nghiên cứu khả thi khó áp dụng xét phương diện kỹ thuật kinh tế Do đó, báo cáo soạn để cung cấp phương pháp xử lý thay nhằm đáp ứng điều kiện thực tế giai...

Ngày tải lên: 20/11/2014, 15:51

... triển tốt trên đất phèn như cây khóm(thơm), cây cọ dầu, bạch đàn,  tràm… để phát triển kinh tế Trồng để cải tạo đất phèn Cánh đồng khóm Vườn cọ dầu “XIN CHÂN THÀNH CẢM ƠN!" CHÌU MINH TUẤN NHÓM LÊ VĂN ANH BÙI THỊ MỸ NGÀ BÙI THÁI VŨ ... Sắt trong đất phèn có hai loại  và . Trong đó  linh  động và độc hơn   Sắt làm giảm pH, tăng độ chua của đất ĐỘC CHẤT TRONG ĐẤT PHÈN Sunphat & Lưu Huỳnh PYRIT  Là nguyên nhân đầu tiên gây ra đất phèn  Với 1 lượng nhỏ lưu huỳnh là dinh dưỡng cho  ... động thực vật vi sinh bị tiêu diệt Ô nhiễm phèn nhôm độc tính mạnh ô nhiễm phèn săt Nguồn gốc  Đất phèn tiềm tàng: Chứa khoáng pyrit , hình thành điều kiện yếm khí, tác dụng vi sinh vật, sunphat...

Ngày tải lên: 28/05/2016, 22:47

... dung dịch axit theo phản ứng: Ln(OH)3 + 3HCl → LnCl3 (dd) + 3H2O Sơđồ 2:Công nghệ xử lý tinh quặng đất bastnazit Mỹ Mỏ bastnaesite lớn thứ hai giới Mountain Pass, California, Mỹ Tinh quặng thu ... điểm phương 20 pháp đòi hỏi tinh quặng có chất lượng cao đặc biệt ăn mòn thiết bị axit HCl Sơđồ 3: Công nghệ xử lý tinh quặng bastnazit Trung Quốc Công nghệ xử lý tinh quặng bastnaesite Trung ... tạp chứa đồng thời bastnaesite monazite.Phương pháp thích hợp hai loại tinh quặng hàm lượng cao thấp.Theo phương pháp này, tinh quặng trộn với H2SO4 đặc nung lò quay Diễn biến trình mô tả phản ứng...

Ngày tải lên: 12/06/2016, 21:27