pbpk model for a hypothetical chemical substance

... boundary and the boundary variables are treated as P0 / -S primal events The unit models describe both normal and failed behavior and depend on a wide variety of operating parameters and failure ... the causal relationships between variables including normal and failed states The basic elements of a digraph are shown in figure for conduction in a wire Node labels represent deviation variables, ... USA Gary J Powers is known for his research and teaching contributions in safety and reliability analysis of chemical and petroleum processes He is a Professor of Chemical Engineering at Carnegie-Mellon...

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2014, 19:37

... report 540, M.I.T Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Cambridge, MA A Yamada, T Yamamoto, H Ikeda, T Nishida, and S Doshita 1992 Reconstructing spatial image from natural language texts In Proc ... representation of RDs, we need a prototypical model of their referent which is the route We have decomposed it into a path and landmarks A path is made up of transfers and relays Relays are abstract ... (landmarks), or a turn and a landmark, mentioned in the text immediately one after •the other Concerning the ambiguity related to the location of landmarks, one can either choose an arbitrary...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 07:20

... States War Bonds to aid in funding of the operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.” All three bills are similar and state that the authorized war bonds “shall be in such form and denominations, and ... savers have an array of savings vehicles For example, they can invest in money market funds and certificates of deposit (CDs) of financial institutions Today, savings bonds are almost always a ... War Bonds in the Second World War: A Model for a New Iraq/Afghanistan War Bond? Summary The high costs of fighting the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan have rekindled congressional interest...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 03:20

... the largest output is chosen as a candidate for the representatives Hence, there is a possibility that a number of candidates appear in a single S-plane If two or more candidates appear in a single ... input layer Figure is a schematic diagram illustrating the interconnections between layers Each tetragon drawn with heavy lines represents an S-plane or a C-plane, and each vertical tetragon drawn ... Suppose that the upper part of the input pattern matches with that of the standard pattern situated at a certain location, and that, at the same time, the lower part of this input pattern matches...

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2014, 17:02

... whereas procedural languages such as FORTRAN and COBOL not because data areas can be freely accessed by the whole program OO languages wrap data in methods for accessing the data If each "black ... disease at each stage as appropriate This allows us to model the progress of a disease in an individual more realistically For diseases that have no identifiable occurrence of a particular stage, ... model normal birth and death rate plus immigration and emigration across the outer boundary of the model Step – iterate all areas, and iterate through each location in each area For each location,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 23:20

... Verification at point A every 10 with rainfall SCENARIO ANALYSIS FOR NITROGEN LOAD REDUCED BY ARTIFICIAL WETLANDS Scenario analysis The TN concentration at point A is calculated for artificial wetlands ... four adjacent directions A tank model, comprising a set of two tanks, is applied to each cell (Fig 4), and a tank is also applied to a drainage cell Water and the nitrogen load arrive at the drainage ... A distributed water quality tank model was developed to simulate nitrogen load reduction by artificial wetlands in the A1 0 area, located in the Kasumigaura watershed in Japan The model simulates...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08

... this paper is to build a universal endoreversible steady flow refrigeration cycle model consisting of a constant thermal-capacity heating branch, two constant thermalcapacity cooling branches and ... an infinite heat sink at temperature TH and an infinite heat source at temperature TL is shown in Figure In this T-s diagram, the processes between and , as well as between and are two adiabatic ... branches; the process between and is a heating branch with constant thermal capacity (mass flow rate and specific heat product) Cin ; the processes between and 4, and and are two cooling branches...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 17:08

... Information Technology Agreement II … are countries on use of standards and SDoC US and EU have asked for talks leading to a signed agreement APEC World Trade Organizations surveying …… APEC has ... Declaration of Conformity option June 24, 1998 Model for Regulatory Reform One Standard feedback Designed once to internationally-accepted global standards Market Surveillance Product sample and ... Standard on what are the requirements and content of a Compliance Folder and a Declaration of Conformity Guidance on market surveillance methods that a government should consider Conform to administrative...

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 02:20

... have to be evaluated on a case by case basis to calculate the exact costs or savings produced by the various interacting variables Consequently, there is a need for an interactive computer model ... and A. J Kalotay, “Optimal Bond Calling and Refunding,” Interfaces 9, 1979, pp 36-49 Brennan, M.J and E.S Schwartz, “Savings Bonds, Retractable Bonds and Callable Bonds,” Journal of Financial Economics ... performance significantly better than the random selection and 100-basis-point benchmark models, but not significantly better than a stopping-time model based on present value analysis One aspect...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 13:20

... Integration management Scope management Time management Cost management Quality management Human resource management Communications management Risk management Procurement management (Semi-)Formal models ... can ensure that all necessary approval steps are carried out before a project actually begins Each project plan can be archived as often as necessary by means of a plan version (PlanVersion) A ... outlined above by introducing a very fundamental data structure called Initiative (Fig 3) An initiative is a generalization of any form of action that has a defined start and end date and is undertaken...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 07:20

... Markov Models (Nabende, 2010; Darwish, 2010; Jiampojamarn et al., 2010), Finite State Automata (Noeman and Madkour, 2010) and Bayesian learning (Kahki et al., 2011) to learn transliteration pairs ... algorithm to estimate the counts of multigrams The algorithm has a forward variable α and a backward variable β which are calculated in the standard way (Deligne and Bimbot, 1995) Consider a node r which ... pronounced as “Jaarj” in Hindi Our semi-supervised system learns this as a non-transliteration but it is wrongly annotated as a transliteration in the gold standard Arabic nouns have an article “al” attached...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 19:20

... topics that are organized into hierarchies following (Haghighi and Vanderwende, 2009) A hierarchical model is particularly appealing to summarization than a ”flat” model, e.g LDA (Blei et al., 2003b), ... (recall against unigrams), R-2 (recall against bigrams), and R-SU4 (recall against skip-4 bigrams) Experiment 1: sumHLDA Parameter Analysis: In sumHLDA we introduce a prior different than the standard ... summarization quality on manual and automatic evaluation metrics D M Blei, A Ng, and M Jordan Latent dirichlet allocation In Jrnl Machine Learning Research, 3:993-1022, 2003b S.R.K Branavan,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... development in information retrieval, pages 314-321 ACM Giambattista Amati, Edgardo Ambrosi, Marco Bianchi, Carlo Gaibisso, and Giorgio Gambosi 2007 FUB, IASI-CNR and University of Tor Vergata at TREC ... contextual information between the opinion and its corresponding target, Avatar in A and com- 1368 fortable (o1) are also regarded as relevant opinion mistakenly, creating a false positive In reality ... best performance in all the evaluation metrics Our baseline, ROSC and GORM which were sentence-based approaches achieved better performance than the document-based approaches by 20% in average Moreover,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... Mladov´ , a a a s a ˇ Jana Sindlerov´ , Krist´ na Tomˇu, and Zdenˇ k a y s˚ e ˇ Zabokrtsk´ 2009 Tectogrammatical Annotation y of the Wall Street Journal The Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics, ... Sangati and Chiara Mazza 2009 An English ` Dependency Treebank a la Tesni` re In The 8th Ine ternational Workshop on Treebanks and Linguistic Theories, pages 173–184, Milan, Italy Eugene Charniak ... given candidates? Since no parser currently exists for the TDS representation, we utilize a state of the art parser for PS trees (Charniak, 1999), and transform each candidate to TDS This strategy...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... Association of Computational Linguistics (ACL), 124-131 E Charniak, K Knight and K Yamada 2003 Syntaxbased language models for statistical machine translation MT Summit IX., Intl Assoc for Machine ... significantly Bear in mind that Charniak et al (2003) integrated Charniak’s language model with the syntaxbased translation model Yamada and Knight proposed (2001) to rescore a tree-to-string translation ... n-gram/m-SLM/PLSA language model can be formulated as a directed MRF model (Wang et al., 2006) with local normalization constraints for the parameters of each model component, WORDPREDICTOR, TAGGER,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 04:20

... language-pairs, one issue is that matching syntactic analysis can not always guarantee a good translation, and violating syntactic structure does not always induce a bad translation Marton and ... Phrase-based Decoding for Statistical Machine Translation In Proceedings of ACL David Chiang 2005 A Hierarchical Phrase-based Model for Statistical Machine Translation In Proceedings of ACL, pages ... Reordering Model for Statistical Machine Translation In Proceedings of ACL-COLING 2006 Deyi Xiong, Min Zhang, Aiti Aw, and Haizhou Li 2008 Linguistically Annotated BTG for Statistical Machine Translation...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 07:20

... for the right-corner transform are shown below: A1 A1 A2 α1 α2 ⇒ A1 /A2 A3 :α3 α1 A2 /A3 α2 A1 A1 A1 /A2 :α1 A2 /A3 α2 A3 :α3 α3 ⇒ A1 /A3 A1 /A2 :α1 α3 α2 Here, the first rewrite rule is applied ... Edinburgh John Hale, Izhak Shafran, Lisa Yung, Bonnie Dorr, Mary Harper, Anna Krasnyanskaya, Matthew Lease, Yang Liu, Brian Roark, Matthew Snover, and Robin Stewart 2006 PCFGs with syntactic and prosodic ... transform and keeping information about how a repair started may be able to improve EDIT-F accuracy over this system Table 1: Baseline results are from a standard CYK parser with binarized grammar...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... common transformations SMS Normalization We view the SMS language as a variant of English language with some derivations in vocabulary and grammar Therefore, we can treat SMS normalization as a MT ... a consensus translation technique to bootstrap parallel data using off-the-shelf translation systems for training a hierarchical statistical translation model for general domain instant messaging ... Text Paraphrasing Problem Others may regard SMS normalization as a paraphrasing problem Broadly speaking, paraphrases capture core aspects of variability in language, by representing equivalencies...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... models for statistical machine translation In ACL D Chiang 2005 A hierarchical phrase-based model for statistical machine translation In ACL M Collins 2000 Discriminative reranking for natural ... syntactic translation models In ACL P Koehn 2004 Pharaoh: A beam search decoder for phrasebased statistical machine translation models In AMTA R Kuhn, D Yuen, M Simard, P Paul, G Foster, E Joanis, and ... choice models: Feature-rich models for global distortion in statistical machine translation In HLT-NAACL F J Och and H Ney 2002 Discriminative training and maximum entropy models for statistical machine...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... spaces As shown above, the performance is dependent of the language model (n-gram) performance Jaso transition probabilities can be obtained easily from small corpus because the number of Jaso ... combination of Jasos, the number of all possible Eumjeols is much larger than that of all possible Jasos In other words, Jaso-based language model is smaller than Eumjeol-based language model Various ... In this case, we treat the whole Eojeols as one transition unit, and build an Eojeol transition pattern dictionary for these special cases A Joint Statistical Model for Word Spacing and Spelling...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20