pathophysiology common diseases and disorders of the nervous system

... The Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems The nervous system can be divided into two major regions: the central and peripheral nervous systems The central nervous system (CNS) is the brain and ... Structure and Functionof the Nervous System Bởi: OpenStaxCollege The picture you have in your mind of the nervous system probably includes the brain, the nervous tissue contained within the cranium, and ... communicative function of the nervous system To describe the functional divisions of the nervous system, it is important to understand the structure of a neuron Neurons are cells and therefore have a

Ngày tải lên: 30/10/2017, 23:13

... download:https://getbooksolutions.com/download/test-bank-for- basic-immunology-functions-and-disorders-of-the-immune-system-4th-edition-by-abbas Test Bank for Basic Immunology Functions and Disorders of the Immune System 4th Edition by Abbas Chapter ... important for recognition of common antigens at epithelial boundaries between the host and the external environment The gd T cells differ from the ab T cells in which one of the following ways? 8 ... impaired neutrophil rolling and adhesion to activated endothelium The cause is a defect in the synthesis of sialylated Lewis X, the carbohydrate ligand on neutrophils and other leukocytes that is

Ngày tải lên: 01/03/2019, 09:51

... molecules and cells are in wide-spread use for the treatment of immunologic diseases, cancers, and other types of disorders For all these reasons, the field of immunology has captured the attention of ... and recruit other leukocytes and activate them to kill microbes TISSUES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM The tissues of the immune system consist of the generative lymphoid organs, in which T and B lymphocytes ... sheaths of the spleen When the lymphocytes are activated by antigens, they alter their expression of chemokine receptors The B cells and T cells then migrate toward each other and meet at the edge of

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 14:12

... risk of the disease Despite the clear association of MHC alleles with several autoimmune diseases, the role of these alleles in the development of the diseases remains unknown Some hypotheses ... properties of the proteins involved in the early steps of the alternative pathway of complement activation C, Table summarizes the important properties of the proteins involved in the early steps of the ... 11Functions of the Complement SystemThe complement system plays an tant role in the elimination of microbes during innate and adaptive immune responses The main effector functions of impor-the complement

Ngày tải lên: 22/01/2020, 03:31

... impaired neutrophil rolling and adhesion to activated endothelium The cause is a defect in the synthesis of sialylated Lewis X, the carbohydrate ligand on neutrophils and other leukocytes that is ... migrate to the mucosa and recognize these peptide-MHC complexes Which of the following components of the TCR actually bind to the viral peptide-MHC complex? 5 Hypermutated regions: 1 in the a chain, ... and P-selectin on cytokine-activated endothelium In a 17 CD44 expressed on the surface of T cells is critical for the binding of activated T cells to endothelium at sites of inflammation, and

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2020, 17:37

... Education, Inc.The Synapse toward the synapse away from the synapse Trang 4Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Types of Synapses neuron and the dendrite of another neuron and the soma of another • ... depolarization of the postsynaptic membrane that brings the neuron closer to AP threshold Neurotransmitter binding opens chemically gated ion channels, allowing the simultaneous pas- sage of Na + and K ... Inc.Chemical Classes of Neurotransmitters • Nitric oxide (NO) • Synthesized on demand • Activates the intracellular receptor guanylyl cyclase to cyclic GMP • Involved in learning and memory • Carbon

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2020, 06:02

... Education, Inc.Divisions of the Nervous System • Central nervous system (CNS) • Brain and spinal cord • Integration and command center • Peripheral nervous system (PNS) • Paired spinal and cranial nerves ... cord Integrative and control centers Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Cranial nerves and spinal nerves Communication lines between the CNS and the rest of the body Parasympathetic division Conserves ... Division of PNS 1 Somatic (voluntary) nervous system • Conscious control of skeletal muscles Trang 7Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Motor Division of PNS 2 Autonomic (involuntary) nervous system

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2020, 21:13

... channels reduces the negative membrane potential slightly The permeabilities of Na + and K + across the membrane are different. The concentrations of Na + and K + on each side of the membrane are ... Education, Inc.Role of the Sodium-Potassium Pump neuron is restored by the thousands of sodium-potassium pumps Trang 37Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.Propagation of an Action Potential ... axon, so voltage does not decay Conduction is slow because movements of ions and of the gates of channel proteins take time and must occur before voltage regeneration occurs. (c) In a myelinated

Ngày tải lên: 23/01/2020, 18:00

... information in the form of a pathfinding cue, and the ability to interpret this cue in the form of a receptor molecule, the last piece of the system is the cell’s ability to act based on the information ... examine the developing motor neuron system of the embryonic chicken The fact that T- cadherin is expressed both on neurons and in the environment allows for the study of the homotypic nature of the ... information received In the case of axon pathfinding, the ultimate output is a change in movement of the growth cone The growth cone is the sensory organ at the leading tip of the axon The growth cone

Ngày tải lên: 02/10/2024, 01:39

... directed against shared antigens that are ectopically expressed by the tumor, but otherwise exclusively expressed by the nervous system (picture 1) [1,2], or rarely by the nervous system and testes [3]. For unknown reasons, the immune system identifies these antigens as foreign and mounts an immune attack against them. One report ... Competition between the tumor and the nervous system for a substrate (eg, carcinoid tumors and tryptophan). (See "Clinical features of the carcinoid syndrome".) ● The synthesis by the tumor of immunoglobulins that react with the peripheral nervous system (eg, a distal, ... Overview of paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system ­ UpToDateOfficial reprint from UpToDate   www.uptodate.com ©2017 UpToDate Overview of paraneoplastic syndromes of the nervous system

Ngày tải lên: 10/03/2017, 16:06

... M K ChoiThe majority of diseases of the respiratory system fall into one of three major categories: (1) obstructive lung diseases; (2) restrictive disorders; and (3) abnormalities of the vasculature ... the force these muscles generate is part of the neuromuscular system; the abdomen (especially an obese abdomen) and the heart (especially an enlarged heart) are, for these purposes, part of the ... Naturally, the work rate required to overcome the elasticity of the respiratory system increases with both the depth and the frequency of tidal breaths, while the work required to overcome the dynamic

Ngày tải lên: 26/05/2017, 22:34

... excessively small The Constitution established the judiciary as one of the branches of the tripartite separation of powers, or the system of checks and balances, along with the Diet and the Cabinet ... existence of a larger stock of legal professionals sharing the concept of the rule of law, and their wide range of activities in various fields of a society based on a spirit of mutual reliance and ... ultimate guardian of the rights and freedoms of the people and to maintain the legal order with the Constitution at the top There are a considerable number of evaluations suggesting that the judiciary

Ngày tải lên: 08/06/2021, 22:18

... hear, and to distinguish the ugly and the beautiful, the bad and the good, pleasant and unpleasant It is the brain too which is the seat of madness and delirium, of the fears and frights which assail ... disorders and diseases of the brain, the advances in brain research provide hope in the form of their own understanding of what is going wrong and in the form of advances in novel therapies which ... volumes of the head and medial surface of the hippocampus and the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the amygdala Volumes of these subregions declined with age in the GTS group but not in controls, so the...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 11:20

... coverage of disorders of the auditory system emphasizing the interaction between pathologies of the middle ear and the cochlea and the function of the nervous system and vice versa Hyperactive disorders ... understanding of the anatomy and function of the ear and the auditory nervous system, and it discusses the cause and treatment of hearing disorders Most books on hearing focus either on the anatomy ... anatomy and function of the ear, the auditory nervous system or on peripheral or central hearing disorders This book covers both anatomy and physiology of the ear and the nervous system The book...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... at the entrance of the ear canal compared with the sound pressure that is measured in the place of the head The effect of the head on the sound at the entrance of the ear canal is related to the ... ratio between the effective area of the tympanic membrane and the area of the stapes footplate, but the lever ratio of the middle ear bones also contributes The ratio of areas of the BOX 2.2 SOUND ... remarkable in the light of the FIGURE 2.12 (A) Average displacements of the umbo, the head of the stapes and the lenticular process of the incus (B) The lever ratio at 124 dB SPL at the tympanic...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... assume that a better understanding of these aspects of the function of the auditory nervous system is important for understanding many disorders of the auditory system and it is a necessity for ... anatomy and physiology of the auditory nervous system of clinical importance Most studies of the function of the auditory system have aimed at the coding of different kinds of sounds in the auditory ... of the fourth ventricle (Fig 5.15B) [72] The other part of the olivocochlear system projects mainly to the contralateral cochlea and the fibers of that system travel deeper in the brainstem The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... The caudal portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the (dorsal) surface of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and the rostral portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the dorsal surface of ... difference between the latency of the N1 of the AP and that of the response from the intracranial portion of the auditory nerve is the travel time in the auditory nerve from the ear to the recording ... the latency of the first peak in the dipole and the length is the relative strength of the dipoles Note the short distance between the two first dipoles (peak I and II of the ABR) and the third...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... and standard error of the mean are shown as a function of the intensity of the noise The TTS was measured 20 s after the end of the exposure In this study the noise exposure consisted of a band ... basis of the elevation of the hearing threshold in disorders of the middle ear and the cochlea but the effect on the function of the nervous system may affect speech discrimination Impairment of speech ... in the middle ear and the cochlea and functional and even morphological changes in the central auditory nervous system occur in such disorders The changes in function of the auditory nervous system...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... Section III Disorders of the Auditory System and Their Pathophysiology 7.1 Disorders of the Brainstem Auditory Pathways Disorders that affect the brainstem nuclei of the auditory system and which ... coherence of the nerve activity that reaches the cochlear nucleus The growth of the amplitude of the reflex response is reduced in 242 Section III Disorders of the Auditory System and Their Pathophysiology ... increase the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the ear (cf Chapter 3) The widening of the tuning of the basilar membrane broadens the “slices” of the spectrum of broad band sounds from which the...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... tinnitus and abnormal perception of sounds such as hyperacusis and phonophobia) are some of the most diverse and complex disorders of the auditory system and their causes are often obscure Often ... conceived the “vocoder” for 274 Section III Disorders of the Auditory System and Their Pathophysiology spectral bands of the visual spectrum The three kinds of photo pigment that are present in the ... determined on the basis of the output of 16 band-pass filters The output of the six band-pass filters with the largest amplitudes is coded in the impulses that are applied to the electrodes in the cochlea...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21