parkinson s disease basic mechanisms of neurodegeneration

... dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of Parkinson's disease Abstract Although gait change is considered a useful indicator of severity in animal models of Parkinson's disease, systematic and extensive gait ... exoge-nous cells may provide better long-term results Stem cells are viewed as a possible source of neurons for cell-based therapies of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkin-son's disease and ... analysis in animal models of neurological deficits is not well established The CatWalk-assisted automated gait analysis system provides a comprehensive way to assess a number of dynamic and static...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:21

... have shorter glial processes, as well as a disordered arrangement and increased expression of CD11b and CD45 Moreover, this increased microglial response is substantiated by enhanced expression of ... idiopathic parkinsonism Neurosci Lett 2008, 441:158-162 Nagatsu T, Sawada M: Biochemistry of postmortem brains in Parkinson’s disease: historical overview and future prospects J Neural Transm Suppl ... idiopathic Parkinson’s disease Neurobiol Dis 2006, 21:404-412 Hunot S, Dugas N, Faucheux B, Hartmann A, Tardieu M, Debre P, Agid Y, Dugas B, Hirsch EC: FcepsilonRII/CD23 is expressed in Parkinson’s disease...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... Kirakosyan Abstract In this chapter, we present recent advances on the use of several different kinds of medicinal herbs to treat cancer, Parkinson’s disease (PD), heart disease, and depression ... colored berries, have promise to limit the development and severity of diseases based on inflammatory processes including atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke, neurodegenerative diseases of aging, ... flesh, including essential fatty acids from seeds and seed oils, and fibers, such as microcrystalline cellulose, pectins, lignins, cutin-like polymers, and condensed tannins, have been suggested...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 05:20

... pathogene-sis of Parkinson’s disease a-Synuclein overexpression and impaired dis-posal contribute to this mechanism However, biochemical alterations associated with the interplay of cytosolic dopamine ... cells that already overexpress a-synuclein as a consequence of transfection The proteomic analysis highlights significant changes in 23 proteins linked to specific cellular processes, such as cytoskeleton ... Biological Sciences, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy 4 Department of Neuroscience, University of Torino, Italy Introduction Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a sporadic neurodegenera-tive disorder of...

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 01:20

... increased in the cere-brospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson’s disease We show here that 6,7-dihydroxylated tetrahydroisoquinolines such as N-methyl-norsalsolinol inhibit tyrosine hydroxylase, ... The CSF levels of TIQs increase in early PD and decrease as the disease progresses [12] TH inhibition by endogenous TIQs may therefore be most prominent at a critical time, when surviving substantia ... 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; NMNorsal, N-methyl-norsalsolinol; NMSal, N-methyl-salsolinol; NMTIQ, N-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline; Norsal, norsalsolinol; PD, Parkinson’s disease; PKA, protein kinase A; ROS, reactive...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 05:20

... ISBN 1-85070-943-2 1 Extrapyramidal disorders Atlases 2 Parkinsonism Atlases 3 Movement disorders Atlases I Title II Series. [DNLM: 1 Parkinson Disease atlases 2 Basal Ganglia Diseases atlases. ... these changes is depletion of tyrosine hydroxylase, the Parkinson’s disease Table 1 Pathological findings in 100 successive Parkinsonian patients Idiopathic Parkinson's disease 76 Progressive supranuclear ... increases with age Any discussion of the clinical characteristics of Parkinson's disease must take into account the inaccuracies of clinical diagnosis In a successive series of 100 patients with...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 22:20

... was not restricted to certain tissues but was ubiquitously expressed in almost all tissues investigated Notably, the levels of Adh3 mRNA were much lower than those of the other classes of investigated ... human tissues, and that this has implications for how to interpret the role of the studied enzymes in health and disease Results The distribution and relative intensity of expression of the Adh1, ... Low levels of Adh1 mRNA were also observed in striated muscles of the tongue and upper part of esophagus, as well as in the smooth muscle layers in the walls of the GI tract from esophagus to rectum...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

... Prospective assessment of falls in Parkinson's disease. Journal of Neurology 2001, 248:950-958. 3. Gray P, Hildebrand K: Fall risk factors in Parkinson's disease J Neurosci Nurs 2000, 32:222-228. 4. Ashburn ... stimulation improves cer-tain aspects of postural control in Parkinson's disease, whereas medication does not Mov Disord 2006, 21:1088-1097. 47. Magnusson M, Johansson K, Johansson BB: Sensory stimulation ... JH: The symptom experience of patients with Parkin-son's disease J Neurosci Nurs 2006, 38:51-57. 8. Klawans HL: Individual manifestations of Parkinson's disease after ten or more years of levodopa...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... Access Research Gait dynamics in mouse models of Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease Address: 1 Division of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, ... disordersAmyotrophic Lateral SclerosisSOD1 Abstract Background: Gait is impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), but gait dynamics in mouse models of ... and ~13 weeks Discussion Gait disturbances are characteristic of Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Gait reflects several variables, including balance,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... Laboratories, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA and 3 Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA Email: Rosario Sánchez-Pernaute - rosario_pernaute@hms.harvard.edu; ... actions of NSAIDs whereas inhibition of the constitutively expressed form (COX-1) is responsible for the gastrointestinal side effects [25] In this study we used the intrastriatal administration of ... Cytokines in Parkinson's disease J Neural Transm Suppl 2000:143-151. 19. Nagatsu T, Mogi M, Ichinose H, Togari A: Changes in cytokines and neurotrophins in Parkinson's disease J Neural Transm Suppl...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... < 0.001, Fig 1B) Nissl stain showed similar trends and statistical results (Fig 1C &1D), suggesting an actual TH-positive neuronal loss instead of a loss of TH expression To determine whether ... MPTP-induced loss of SNpc dopaminergic neurons but also the loss of striatal dopaminergic fibers, we assessed the density of TH immu-noreactivity in the striata of the different mice (Fig 1E) MPTP significantly ... as well as the motor deficits induced by MPTP, possibly by suppression of microglial activation in the SNpc Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive motor disorder marked...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... years; 5 years was the sample med-ian disease duration) Scale scores were compared across these groups and statistical significance was assessed using the independent samples t-test if the scores ... Abstract Background: To identify key non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) to include in a daily diary assessment for off-time, revise the Scales for Outcomes of Parkinson’s disease ... average of the 3-day item scores for the items within the respec-tive subscale If at least one of the 3-day item scores was missing the subscale score was set to missing In all cases, higher scores...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... leading scientists in the field of neurobiology of Alzheimer s disease Alzheimer s disease attracted researchers from diverse academic fields, including clinical, basic and social sciences It is essential ... Chaperones GRP78BiP Fig PS1 mutations downregulate the signaling pathway of the unfolded protein response This scheme shows mechanisms of ER stress response Activation of PERK results in phosphorylation ... understanding of this formidable disease and to share new findings among researchers in the field Clinical and basic research of Alzheimer s disease has been the main interest of the Department of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 17:20

... overexpress the c-secretase complex components These assays are used to test the effects of detergent concentration, solvents and metals on the c-secretase cleavage of APP substrates These studies show ... of c-secretase activity Lastly, zinc causes structural changes in a c-secretase substrate and acts as an inhibitor of csecretase cleavage of APP Results Design of a novel APP c-secretase substrate ... vitro c-secretase assay with COS7-SPC993FLAG solubilized membranes To complement our MC99-3FLAG based in vitro c-secretase assays, an in vitro assay using COS7SPC99-3FLAG CHAPSO extracts was developed...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 23:20

... lymph nodes and thus a suppression of the immune response (Schwab & Cyster, 2007) Sphingosine-Kinases Phosphorylation of sphingosine by the sphingosine-kinases (SphK1 and SphK2) generates S1 P (Kohama ... number of sphingolipidoses were described so far, like Gaucher s disease as the most frequent one, Niemann Pick A or B (NPA, NPB), Sandhoff disease, Tay Sachs disease and many others In Gaucher s disease, ... ceramidases GSLs are degraded by a subset of various specific catabolic enzymes in the endosomal/lysosomal compartments Sphingosine is subsequently phosphorylated by the sphingosine-kinases or 2,...

Ngày tải lên: 25/11/2015, 15:23

... relevance of cross-breeding experiments is strengthened if expression and deletion of the gene (s) results in the opposite outcome, or if the results are substantiated by in vitro studies or analyses of ... models of Alzheimer s disease dent differences in the speed of Ab accumulation Moreover, transgene expression can differ across generations and give rise to unstable Ab phenotypes because of loss ... Authors Journal compilation ª 2010 FEBS 1391 Animal models of Alzheimer s disease O Philipson et al Transgenic animal models Models devoid of any disease- causing APP mutations Animal models expressing...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 09:20

... V All reagents were supplied by Electron Microscopy Sciences (Hatfield, PA, USA) Assessement of SEC-isolated peptides by HPLC and SDS-PAGE Samples (100 lL) of peptides isolated by SEC were injected ... cost-effective than production of synthetic peptides, a bacterial expression system allows isotope labeling, which is essential for high-resolution structural analysis of Ab using NMR spectroscopy ... analysis and sequencing Amino acid analysis was performed at the Amino Acid Analysis Center, University of Uppsala, Sweden Sequence analysis was performed using an Applied Biosystems Procise 492...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 13:20

... fluorescence We show the application of this assay to the testing of c-secretase inhibitors and PS1 mutants This assay allows for the first time the selection of cell populations and single cells ... assays based on APP or Notch c-secretase substrates can be used to specifically study modulation of c-secretase activity in parallel in various cell types Results of the inhibitor study suggest ... characterize c-secretase The advantage of this assay over existing systems is that it allows the isolation of cells with stable differences in c-secretase activity We established that the differences in...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... in transgenic mice, functional deficits and loss of synapses are, at least in some models, observed in young transgenic animals devoid of plaque deposits, suggesting that soluble Ab species are ... reflect disease severity Many types of oligomeric assemblies of Ab, with different structural characteristics, have been described and are suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of AD [5] These ... these measures inversely correlated to escape latency at the last day of training (see Fig S2 ), suggesting that spatial search strategies were used by most of the animals Four individuals (two...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 06:20

... whereas a second, low-affinity binding site comprises residues 23–28 The results of these studies are discussed within the context of the general mechanism of the onset of pathologic states upon ... involvement of the histidines as metal ligands Asp1 shows a 0.60 residual signal intensity, whereas Val12 has a residual signal intensity of 0.52 ± 0.06 The signal reduction of Asp1 is equal to ... significant intensity losses, of > 80% The d-proton signals of His6 and His13 show some induced chemical shift changes, whereas His14 only exhibits intensity loss for the d-proton signal (Fig 2A)...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:20