novel insights into the cellular biology of neurological disorders

... Organismal Systems The y-axis indicates the name of the KEGG metabolic pathways The x-axis indicates the percentage of the number of genes annotation under the pathway in the total number of genes annotation ... and divided into 25 specific categories The x-axis indicates 25 groups of KOG The y-axis indicates the percentage of the number of genes annotation under the group in the total number of genes annotationFig ... sunlight,relative humidity of 87 %, and temperatures of 30/20 °C(day/night) The plants in pots are ramets of the sameclone, and the genetic background for these plants is uni-form After two months of establishment,

Ngày tải lên: 26/05/2020, 22:03

... vertical line denotes the start of this additional ORF Note the different scale of the coverage profile in the heat vs control condition qRT-PCR verification of the expression of the alternative transcript ... deviation for each position Position 0 is the first nucleotide of the start codon of each genes b Box plot of the distribution of the folding energy of the genes translationally up- or down-regulated ... that of the remaining genes in the genome (Fig 2a, black line) and that of the translationally downregulated ones (Fig 2a, blue line) Further downstream of the start codon, along the CDS, the

Ngày tải lên: 22/05/2020, 04:56

... to the software instruction “np” refers to the number of parameters, “l = (ln L)” refers to the log value of the likelihood The estimated parameters w and p refer to the K a /K s ratio and the ... Trang 2the proton of the C2 hydroxyl, which creates an electronflow to NAD+, leading to the oxidation of sorbitol at C2 and the final production of NADH [22] Plant SDH is the key enzyme in the sorbitol ... analysed New insights into the evolution history ofthe plant SDH family and the evolutionary origin of homo-V viniferaLIDH will be discussed Trang 3Results and discussionIdentification of sorbitol

Ngày tải lên: 26/05/2020, 20:48

... abundant soluble biosynthetic precursor in the formation of tartaric acid Tartaric acid biosynthesis is the result of catabolism of the six-carbon ascorbic acid The hydrolysis of ascorbic acid may ... Schematic representation of terpene biosynthetic pathway, and heatmaps displaying the expression (log2 FPKM) of enzymes involved in the different reaction steps The details of the transcripts are ... the range of 4001–7500 bp (Fig 2) All the transcripts of the rose-scented geranium were searched (BLASTx) against known proteins in NR database, annotating a total of 51,802 contigs A total of

Ngày tải lên: 24/11/2022, 17:49

... the integration of these analyses can pro-vide abundant information about the regulation of gene networks at the cellular level In maize, upon the completion of pollination, the embryo and endosperm ... A The most enriched GO terms of upregulated KSP DETs B The most enriched GO terms of downregulated KSP DETs C The most enriched GO terms of upregulated SSP DETs D The most enriched GO terms of ... kernels, and starch content is one of the main targets of maize breeding Starch biosynthesis requires the proper execution of a series of coordinated enzymes [30], and the enzymes ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2023, 20:20

... distribution of the lengths of the tubes shown in (A) (D) Histogram of the distribution of the lengths of the tubes shown in (B). Trang 6tubes were often bend, or the width of the tubes was not ... assembly of the N-BAR proteins depicting the wedging effect of the amphipathic H0 helix and the BAR scaffold In this model, a change of the local curvature of the membrane caused by the landing of the ... towards the axis of the tube The line-scan of the reprojection of the 3D reconstruction across the tube axis showed three peaks from the center of the tubes, corresponding to the inner leaflet,

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2023, 15:56

... compression of the median nerve in the carpal nel of the hand, characterized by pain tun-Cornea The clear, dome-shaped outer covering of the eye that lies in front of the iris and pupil Thecornea ... TermsAtrophy The progressive wasting and loss of func- tion of any part of the body Cerebellum The part of the brain involved in the coordination of movement, walking, and balance Neurodegeneration The ... the National Institute ofNeurological Disorders and Stroke and is aimed at under-standing the development of dementia The hope is that thediagnosis of dementias will be improved Ultimately, thegoal

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... the retina Atrophy The progressive wasting and loss of func-tion of any part of the body Iritis Inflammation of the iris, the membrane in the pupil, the colored portion of the eye It is ized ... covering of the brain and spinal cord Meningioma A tumor made up of cells of the lining of the brain and spinal cord (meninges) Neurofibromas Soft, rubbery, flesh-colored tumors made up of the fibrous ... excretion of urine Uveitis Inflammation of all or part the uvea The uvea is a continuous layer of tissue which consists ofthe iris, the ciliary body, and the choroid The uvealies between the retina

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... across theback of the scapula (shoulder blade) and the tip of theshoulder Pain often radiates down the outer side of thearm and up along the neck, and seldom spreads down asfar as the outer side of ... by the loss of myelin (a waxy type substance)along the axon of the nerve cell The role of myelin will bediscussed later in the description of the nerves themselves As a result of this loss of ... inhibits the functioning of a myriad of glands Trang 10and muscles Examples include the acceleration of the heartbeat, raising of blood pressure, shrinkage of the pupils of the eyes, and the redirection

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... many of theshort muscles of the hand the sore area to determine whether there is swelling as well as pain He or she will then perform a series of maneuvers to evaluate the range of motion in the ... in the retina The visual loss involves progressive constriction of the visual fields and these patients can de-velop nystagmus (an involuntary oscillation of the eyeball) fin-of the body (rather ... increased risk of de-veloping repetitive motion disorders Pregnancy is a riskfactor for overuse disorders affecting the hands because of the increased amount of fluid in the joints of the wristsand

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... due to the trauma of the blow against the skull, and secondarily as a result of oxy-gen deprivation and swelling of the brain The banging of the brain against the sides of the skull causes the inflam-mation ... areas of theskin called dermatomes Because the left and right sides ofthe body are divided into separate sets of dermatomes,shingles lesions do not cross the midline of the body dor-Demographics The ... behavior, loss of consciousness, paling of the skin color or develop-ment of a bluish tinge to the skin, vomiting, and convul-sions These symptoms are the result of the destruction of brain cells

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... as the “bolus.” The oral transit phase refers to the movement of the bolus to the back of the mouth, through the actions of the tongue The pharyngeal phase refers to the transit of the bolusinto ... refers to the mouth; pha-ryngeal refers to the pharynx (the area of the airway at the back of the mouth, and leading to the esophagus and the lungs); esophageal refers to the esophagus (the tube ... entering intothe lungs The esophageal phase refers to the transit of the bolusdown the esophagus and into the stomach The esophagealphase is guided primarily by a series of involuntary waves of muscular

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... on the inside of the skull Because of the location of these prominences and theposition of the brain within the skull, the frontal lobes (be-hind the forehead) and temporal lobes (underlying thetemples) ... and then to the brain; motorcommands are conveyed along parallel fibers from thebrain to the muscles of the jaw The sensory fibers of thetrigeminal nerve are specialized for the conveyance of ... blockage is reversed, the symptoms of the TIA go away The underlying causes of the arterial blockage are thesame for both TIAs and strokes The most common cause is a buildup of atherosclerotic plaques,

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21

... is not the result of a general block of nuclear import pathways or obstruction of the NPC To further dissect the mechanisms underlying HIC inhibition of Rev nuclear import, we reduced the complexity ... Cite this article as: Gu et al.: Intermolecular masking of the HIV-1 Rev NLS by the cellular protein HIC: Novel insights into the regulation of Rev nuclear import Retrovirology 2011 8:17 Submit ... targeted the Rev NLS domain and not the import factors themselves Furthermore, the observed inhibition of Rev nuclear import did not result from a general block of import pathways or the physical...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 01:20

... isotherms for the inhibitors (F) The lled circles in the binding isotherms represent the experimental values of the heat change at each injection; the continuous lines represent the results of the ... oxygen atoms of Ala59 and Glu61 of one subunit and with the main chain nitrogen of Asn114Â of the other subunit The contacts of the ribityl chain to His89 and Lys138Â are mediated by a net of water ... side and the conformation of the loop connecting b4 with a3 (residues 8588) from the other side In the MbtLS TS44 complex (PDB code 1W19), the phosphorus atom of the phosphate group of TS44 ...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 11:20

... rather than the size of the genome in which they are found Evidence for the progressive loss of ancestral genes throughout the evolution of the microsporidian lineage Prior to this study, the ... maximum of kb) The small size of most contigs resulted in the incompleteness of most ORFs identified in this study and, on average, incomplete ORFs were found to encode 60% of the amino acids of their ... [14-24] The extremely reduced nature of microsporidian genomes has attracted attention since they were first noted at the end of the 1990s [13], culminating in 2001 with the completion of the first...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 20:20

... number of hypothetic meta-QTLs of a model) “Delta” is the rescaled value of the criterion, it is the difference between the value of the given model and the value of the best model The weight is the ... on the other hand QTL names are written to the left of the bars QTL nomenclature is as follows: the name of the first author of the original publication juxtaposed to the last two digits of the ... onto the consensus map It is based on a scaling rule between the positions of the flanking markers of the QTLs on their original maps and the positions of these markers on the consensus map The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... functions of LN-DC subsets The study in the mouse of the novel, cDC-specific genes identified here should accelerate the understanding of the mysteries of the biology of these cells in both mouse ... the expression of RAG2 and the common γ chain of the cytokine receptors [16], they have been proposed to belong to the DC family rather than to be a subset of NK cells in a particular state of ... understanding of the molecular bases that govern the biology of lymphocytes or the function of antigen presentation and our overall ignorance of the genetic programs that specifically regulate DC biology...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 08:20

... PDZ motif.6 The two extracellular loops of Cldns of adjacent cells trans-interact to form the paracellular TJ strands It has previously been shown that the first extracellular loop of Cldn2,7,8 ... human Cldn2 (GST-Cldn2) and the two extracellular loops of Cldn2 (GST-C2E1 and GST-C2E2) to gain an insight into the contribution of the individual extracellular loops to the overall adhesion kinetics ... contact force of 200 pN and contact time of ms were used, b25% of the force–distance curves showed bond rupture events On the basis of Poisson statistics,25 the low frequency of these de-adhesion...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 16:05

... proximal end of an extremity is at the junction of the extremity (i.e., arm or leg) with the trunk of the body The distal end of an extremity is the point on the extremity farthest away from the trunk ... arteries The catheter may also be placed in the left ventricle to examine the mitral and aortic valves of the heart If the cardiologist requires a view of the right ventricle of the heart or of the ... in position, the needle is then removed, and a catheter is threaded over the length of the guide wire until it reaches the area of study The guide wire is then removed, and the catheter is left...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 16:21