nonlinear optical effects in wdm transmission

... Williams, J Introduction to Nonlinear Optical Effects in Molecules and Polymers; John Wiley: New York, NY, USA, 1991 6 Nikogosyan, N Nonlinear Optical Crystals: A Complete Survey Springer Science ... functional theory, showing an increasing dynamic β HRS value along with an increase in incident light energy 3 Experimental 3.1 General theory about second-order nonlinear optical responses Champagne ... with an increase in incident light energy Key words: Phthalocyanine, DFT, second-order NLO, dipolar moment, octupolar moment 1 Introduction Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials have been intensively

Ngày tải lên: 12/01/2022, 23:23

... narrowband non-linear gain-loss, Raman-induced intersequence interaction is taken into account, while intersequence interaction due to nonlinear gain-loss is neglected The polynomial L in equation ... intrasequence interaction due to nonlinear gain-loss, the third describes Raman-induced intrasequence interaction, while the fourth and fifth describe Raman-induced inter-sequence interaction Since we ... de-layed Raman response and broadband nonlinear gain-loss Raman-induced interchannel crosstalk is an important impairment in WDM transmission lines employing silica glass fibers [21–29], but is

Ngày tải lên: 16/12/2017, 09:36

... breaking In the optical ring system, in 2017, for the first time, Marek Treppenbach's group proposed a system of two optical resonant rings coupling linearly in the presence of linear gain and ... width of coupling function to spontaneous symmetry breaking and the dynamic process of the optical resonator two-ring systems linear coupling with the presence of linear gain and nonlinear loss ... equations, Schrodinger equation describing some phenomena in different optical systems; next effects of cubic nonlinearity are presented as the Kerr nonlinear effect, the phenomenon of absorbing two-photons;

Ngày tải lên: 07/06/2021, 17:05

... dynamics and interactions of solitons within these optical systems have been explored, revealing significant insights into their behavior.1.2 Patterns in Nonlinear Optical Resonators 7 Fig 1.2 Interaction ... domain, the ring may split into multiple spots representing various wave configurations, including single tilted waves and counterpropagating waves The emergence of these nonlinear patterns, including ... families, indicated by a negative detuning parameter Conversely, decreasing the resonator length excites lower-order modes, resulting in a positive detuning where the gain line becomes infinitely

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2022, 08:38

... below, and in Greene(2001) In what follows, several unified frameworks for nonlinear modeling with fixed andrandom effects and random parameters are developed in detail Trang 52 Nonlinear ModelsWe ... fixed and random effects, has been well worked out in thelinear case A full extension to the nonlinear models considered in this paper remains for furtherresearch From this point forward, we ... zero in thesampling framework under consideration This is an important point in what follows In the linear model, the inconsistency of a i, the estimator of αi does not carry through into b,

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2022, 20:35

... non-carcinogens having a stron-ger relationship with cancer mortality than carcinogens These regions, highlighted in red, are in the intermoun-tain west and in parts of the Midwest extending to ... play a role in this spatial variation, as some chemicals or com-binations of interacting chemicals may be present in one area but not in others Regions to examine for these effects include the ... that may potentially impact human health Exposure routes include both inhalation and ingestion of drinking water Contami-nated ground water in areas with hazardous waste sites has been shown to

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 23:20

... flow indicates the point exiginated (0) Points om desert roaivay selected in initial videw frame (hi) Corte ponding points 200 frames in the past The Stanford Helicopter is based on a Bergen Industrial ... feature tracking by detecting incorteet future tracks by Imposing an aline constant on feature trajectories (20) Finally, the work of Ta ot al, increases the eficieney some tracking by searching for ... short range sensors) aud exinine its appearance at some point in the past, Th work in Chapters 4 and 5 of this thesis combines the techniques in 2.1, 22, and 2.3, into.» tolmstimplotoatation

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 22:20

... Trang 1Cholinoceptive and cholinergic properties ofcardiomyocytes involving an amplification mechanism for vagal efferent effects in sparsely innervated ventricular myocardium Yoshihiko Kakinuma1, ... donepezil resulted in elevation of the activity, protein expression and intracellular ACh level even in the presence of sufficient physostigmine Orally administered donepezil in mice increased the ... suppressed remodeling of the myocardial infarction-induced failing heart despite the extreme sparseness of vagal nerve endings in the ventricle In other words, ACh released from vagal nerve endings sequentially

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 05:22

... on trading desks by the interdealer brokers, one foreach broker This improvement in technology, along with increased trading infor-in Treasuries, dramatically infor-increased the infor-information ... important factor in pricing errors. an-4 Using the spline approach described in Section IV, we compare the pricing errors obtained from fitting the CRSP and GovPX data over the period during which GovPX ... to explainthese pricing discrepancies Explanations include economic inf luences such sim-as liquidity effects, tax regime effects, tax clienteles, tax timing options, andthe use of bonds in the

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 06:21

... coupling capacitor Because of capacitance that is inherent within the transistor, amplifier current- and voltage-gain ratios decrease in magnitude as the frequency of the input signal increases ... low-frequency voltage-gain ratio is obtained by letting  0 s :     0 0 lim 1 fe C L L h R R v A (c) The higher-frequency (midfrequency) voltage-gain ratio is obtained by letting s   :    ... negligibly small (a) Find an expression for the voltage-gain ratio    v  o/ S (b) Determine the midfrequency gain of this amplifier (c) Determine the low-frequency cutoff point  L, and sketch

Ngày tải lên: 18/05/2014, 18:59

... transverse tilting of the thermocline in a nonlinearinternal surge are still ignored 1.3 Observations of Nonlinear Internal Waves Nonlinear internal solitary waves in nature have been observed in the ... Oscillators” deals withlinear wave motions in homogeneous and fied waters, but only little regardingnonlinear waves is treated in these books Thepresent book on “Nonlinear Internal Waves in Lakes” can ... of Internal Wave Investigations in Lakes on the Globe 24 2.1.1 Introduction 24 2.1.2 Examples of Nonlinear Internal Waves on Relatively Small Lakes 29 2.1.3 Examples of Nonlinear Internal

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2014, 23:43

... risk for transmitting virus to their offspring In contrast to neutralizing antibodies, non-neutralizing antibodies may enhance HIV infection by binding to the virus and facilitating its uptake by ... Mother: Stravudine (d4T, 30–40 mg) during pregnancy and 0.05 mg/kg/hr during delivery in combination with 3TC 150 mg followed by 150 mg during delivery. Infant: Stravudine (d4T, 1 mg/kg) single dose ... reduces perinatal transmission [2,3] However, because of its cost, ZDV is not always available in poorer countries of the world Successful use of nevirapine therapy in preventing perinatal transmission

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... studied integral inequalities useful in the theory of partial dynamic equations on time scales, as far as we know In this paper, we investigate some nonlinear integral inequalities in two independent ... in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited We investigate some nonlinear integral inequalities in two independent variables on time scales Our results unify and extend some integral ... pagesdoi:10.1155/2011/283926 Research Article Nonlinear Integral Inequalities in Two Independent Variables on Time Scales Wei Nian Li Department of Mathematics, Binzhou University, Shandong 256603, China Correspondence

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20

... reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited A characterization for the entire solutions of a nonlinear inequality, which has a natural interpretation in terms of certain nonflat ... the TCC and inequality H2≤ ft2/f t2hold we obtain that if S is complete then it is parabolic Therefore, R approaches infinity for a fixed arbitrary point p and a fixed r, obtaining that f ... graph equation in RW spacetimes, a stronger assumption than|Du| < fu is needed see below. More generally, in this paper we will study the following nonlinear differential inequality H u2≤

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 07:20

... Equations (8)–(10) and working to the lowest order in E s , but to all orders in E c, we finally obtain the linear optical susceptibility S+ in the steady state as the following solution Trang 9where ... shown that, like single atom two- and three-level quantumsystems, single QD can also exhibit interference phenomena including Autler-Townes splitting and gain without population inversion when driven ... wefurther investigate the signal transmission spectrum as a function of the controllaser intensity as shown in Figure 4 The amplification of signal laser increaseswith increasing of control laser intensity

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... given constant. Clearly,W iis strictly increasing, so its inverseW −1 i is well defined, continuous, and in-creasing in its corresponding domain Theorem 2.1 In addition to the assumptions ( C1), ... of differential and integral equations There are a lot of papers investigating them such as [1–8] In particular, Pachpatte [2] discovered some new integral inequalities involving functions of two ... nonincreasing in y, k is a real constant, andTis a continuous operator on C(R +× R+,R) such that |Tv| ≤ c0| v |for a constantc0> 0 Integrating (3.1) with respect tox and y and using the initial

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 18:20

... all -optical gate based on nonlinear effects in LiNbO3 Two-photon absorption as a nonlinear effect has been considered an attractive solution for several applications including all -optical switching ... all -optical gate [1.2] based on nonlinear effects in LiNbO3 In the past two decades different methods for all -optical communication systems have been developed most of which include optical nonlinear ... the third-order nonlinear susceptibility tensor In Section 1.5, two-photon absorption in an isotropic medium as a special case of optical nonlinearity NONLINEAR OPTICAL EFFECTS IN CdS AND Au:CdS...

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2015, 23:07

... Observations Traffic grooming in WDM networks 9.1 Traffic grooming in WDM rings 9.2 Static traffic grooming in rings 9.3 Dynamic traffic grooming in WDM networks Gains of traffic grooming 10.1 Network parameters ... TRAFFIC GROOMING IN WDM OPTICAL NETWORKS The advent of fiber optic transmission systems and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) have led to a dramatic increase in the usable bandwidth of single-fiber ... and Computer Engineering at Iowa State University His research interests are in the area of fault-tolerant computing, computer interconnection networks, WDM- based optical networking, and parallel...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 11:37

... be m sϪ1 during winter and summer and 10 m sϪ1 during spring, which were average values collected at the CHARM site in 2003 (wind speeds at the CHARM mooring were not measured in 2004 and 2005) ... absorption, particle scattering, backscattering, and attenuation coefficients; backscattering ratio; ratio of backscattering to absorption, single-scattering albedo; index of refraction of particles; ... variables at corresponding wavelengths The 95% confidence interval of the linear slope that crosses the zero line in a slope diagram indicates that there is no significant linear relationship between...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 02:20

... decade Objective: • Review of Nonlinear Effects in Optical Fibers Back Close Major Nonlinear Effects • Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) 4/100 • Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (SBS) • Self-Phase Modulation ... Close Nonlinear Phase Shift • Pulse propagation governed by Nonlinear Schr¨dinger Equation o 22/100 ∂ A β2 ∂ 2A i − + γ|A|2A = ∂z ∂t • Dispersive effects within the fiber included through β2 • Nonlinear ... bI2(t)] • An optical beam modifies not only its own phase but also of other copropagating beams (XPM) • XPM induces nonlinear coupling among overlapping optical pulses Back Close XPM-Induced Chirp...

Ngày tải lên: 09/07/2014, 08:14