nonlinear filters in digital image processing

... sk, …, sL-1} into which the input intensity values are correspondingly mapped (Figure 1) Thus, each pixel-intensity in the original image is mapped into a new intensity by indexing into this table ... by teaching intensity transformation as a point-processing transformation by which image pixel intensities are transformed into a different set of intensities based on input-out mappings Intensity ... intensity-quantization in use k i=0 Thus, c(k) =∑h(i) 3.2 Intensity Transformation Intensity transformation in the context of digital image processing is a point (pixel) processing technique or operation in which

Ngày tải lên: 30/10/2022, 17:25

... mild ringing and small negative val- ues, but they certainly are less pronounced than in the ILPF As the remaining images show, ringing in the BLPF becomes significant for higher-order filters ... Chapter 4 # Image Enhancement in the Frequency Domain Basics of filtering in the frequency domain Filtering in the frequency domain is straightforward It consists of the fol- lowing steps: - ... Enhanced image image FIGURE 4.5 Basic steps for filtering in the frequency domain of this basic theme The important point to keep in mind is that the filtering process is based on modifying the

Ngày tải lên: 08/05/2014, 15:46

... combining these colors for print- ing produces a muddy-looking black So, in order to produce true black (which is the predominant color in printing), a fourth color, black, is added, giving rise ... geometrical formulas describing the reasoning outlined in the preceding discussion The key point to keep in mind regarding the cube arrangement in Fig 6.12 and its corresponding HSI color space is ... full-color images are handled for a variety of image processing tasks Full-color image processing ap- proaches fall into two major categories In the first category, we process each component image individually

Ngày tải lên: 08/05/2014, 15:59

... Multiresolution Processing Trang 3Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com© 2002 R C Gonzalez & R E Woods Chapter 7Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing Chapter 7Wavelets ... Multiresolution Processing Trang 4Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com© 2002 R C Gonzalez & R E Woods Chapter 7Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing Chapter 7Wavelets ... Multiresolution Processing Trang 5Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com© 2002 R C Gonzalez & R E Woods Chapter 7Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing Chapter 7Wavelets

Ngày tải lên: 08/05/2014, 15:59

... practical aspects of image compression, including both the principal techniques in use and the standards that have been instrumental in increasing the scope and acceptance of this discipline Com- pression ... pixel value in the image In general, an observer searches for distinguishing features such as edges or textural regions and mentally combines them into recognizable groupings The brain then correlates ... visual quality of the two coded images might result in a marginal rating for the image in Fig 8.4(b) and a passable rating for that in Fig 8.4(c) a \ 1 Excellent An image of extremely high quality,

Ngày tải lên: 08/05/2014, 16:10

... an image based on abrupt changes in intensity, such as edges in an image The principal approaches in the second category are based on partitioning an image into regions that are similar according ... and b’ the intercept of the line containing both (Xs y,) and (x;, y)) in the xy-plane In fact, all points contained on this line have lines in pa- rameter space that intersect at (a’, b’) Figure ... slope-intercept represen- tation Instead of straight lines, however, the loci are sinusoidal curves in the p@-plane As before, Q collinear points lying on a line x cos 6; + ysin6; = p; yield Q sinusoidal

Ngày tải lên: 08/05/2014, 16:29

... training patterns, and a set of such patterns from each class is called a training set The process by which a training set is used to obtain decision func- tions is called learning or training In ... great interest in these machines, called perceptrons, was the development of mathematical proofs showing that perceptrons, when trained with linearly sep- arable training sets (i.e., training sets ... Matching by correlation We introduced the basic concept of image correlation in Section 4.6.4 Here, we consider it as the basis for finding matches of a subimage w(x, y) of size J X K within an image

Ngày tải lên: 08/05/2014, 16:48

... of image processing inwhich both the inputs and outputs of those processes are images In the scope of a seniorcourse, this usually means the material contained in Chapters 1 through 6 Depending ... is morphological imageprocessing (Chapter 9) The material in this chapter begins a transition from methodswhose inputs and outputs are images to methods in which the inputs are images, butthe outputs ... levels ofpoints inside the mask andoi the levels of the objects In addition, letSa denote theset of points in the averaging mask,Sothe set of points in the object, andSbthe set ofpoints in the mask

Ngày tải lên: 05/06/2014, 11:40

... term “image processing” is often used interchangeably withthat of “image editing”, we introduce the following more precise definitions.Digital image editing, or as it is sometimes referred to, digital ... floating-point values Images withnegative values arise during image-processing steps, such as filtering for edgedetection (see Sec 6.2.2), and images with floating-point values are often found in ... Bibliography 249 Index 253 Contents Trang 16Digital Images For a long time, using a computer to manipulate a digital image (i e., digitalimage processing) was something performed by only

Ngày tải lên: 05/06/2014, 11:55

... symbolic image In this case, t h e general processing paradigm includes segmenting t h e original image, determining t h e connected regions of pixels having each Trang 7t h e regions, and applying ... base of X initially contains a single black seed pixel, t h e base of Y initially contains t h e binary image t o be labeled and t h e pixels in t h e remaining nodes of X a n d Y are initially ... fundamental preprocessing step in image processing T w o forms of such shrinking have been of greatest interest: (1) T h e image is transformed t o a "topologically equivalent" image t h a

Ngày tải lên: 05/06/2014, 11:59

... possibilities offered by digital image processing algorithms in various fields Digital image processing is quite a multidisciplinary field, and therefore, the chapters in this book cover a wide ... December, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Digital Image Processing, Edited ... appearing in the field In Fig.16 the number of laser probes increased to 11 for tracing mode It could be seen that as the number of laser probes increases the number of extra crossing points also increases

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 08:20

... possibilities offered by digital image processing algorithms in various fields Digital image processing is quite a multidisciplinary field, and therefore, the chapters in this book cover a wide ... December, 2011 Printed in Croatia A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Digital Image Processing, Edited ... appearing in the field In Fig.16 the number of laser probes increased to 11 for tracing mode It could be seen that as the number of laser probes increases the number of extra crossing points also increases

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 08:20

... original image (b) Its edge image Figure 1.4: Finding edges in an image Removing detail from an image For measurement or counting purposes, we may not beinterested in all the detail in an image ... This involves subdividing an image into constituent parts, or isolatingcertain aspects of an image: finding lines, circles, or particular shapes in an image, in an aerial photograph, identifying ... distinguishable image, with single integer grey values, indicating that em is being interpreted as a single greyscale image In fact the image emu.tif is an example of an indexed image, consisting of two matrices:

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 00:24

... image processing applications.This part describes the PIKS API and explains its use as a means of implementingimage processing algorithms Image processing programming exercises are included in ... CONTENTS14.1 Binary Image Connectivity, 421 14.2 Binary Image Hit or Miss Transformations, 424 14.3 Binary Image Shrinking, Thinning, Skeletonizing and Thickening, 43114.4 Binary Image Generalized ... whoare engaged in image processing research, developers of image processing hardwareand software systems, and practicing engineers and scientists who use image pro-cessing as a tool in their applications

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:22

... 314 Digital Image Processing: PIKS Scientific Inside, Fourth Edition, by William K Pratt Copyright © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. IMAGE SAMPLING AND RECONSTRUCTION In digital image processing ... Engineers, 83, 1974. 21 “Information Technology, Computer Graphics and Image Processing, Image Processingand Interchange, Part 1: Common Architecture for Imaging,” ISO/IEC 12087-1:1995(E) 22 “Information ... colorimetric linear subtractive CMY/CMYK colorimetric nonlinear video gamma RGB colorimetric linear RGB video gamma luma/chroma YCC linear intercomponent transformation linear point transformation nonlinear

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 01:22

... representa-in subsequent sections 6.2 GENERALIZED TWO-DIMENSIONAL LINEAR OPERATOR A large class of image processing operations are linear in nature; an output imagefield is formed from linear combinations ... SAMPLED IMAGE SUPERPOSITION AND CONVOLUTION Many applications in image processing require a discretization of the superpositionintegral relating the input and output continuous fields of a linear ... fourindices: the input and output coordinates If the linear system is space invariant, theoutput image field may be described by the convolution integral (7.2-1b) For discrete processing, physical image

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 02:20

... Convolution Filters for Image Processing,” ReportUSCIPI 950, University Southern California, Image Processing Institute, January 1980 Trang 23PART 4IMAGE IMPROVEMENT The use of digital processing techniques ... two's complement numbering FIGURE 10.1-2 Image scaling methods. a≥0 b–a (a) Linear image scaling (b) Linear image scaling with clipping (c) Absolute value scaling Trang 28250 IMAGE ENHANCEMENTconvention ... discrete inverse Fourier transform, win-dow the resulting sequence, and then form from Eq 9.4-7 9.4.2 Windowing Functions The windowing operation performed explicitly in the spatial domain according

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 02:20

... POINT NONLINEARITY CORRECTION 33312.1.2 Display Point Nonlinearity Correction Correction of an image display for point luminance nonlinearities is identical inprinciple to the correction of point ... of point nonlinearities of sensorsand displays 12.1.1 Sensor Point Nonlinearity Correction In imaging systems in which the source degradation can be separated into cascadedspatial and point effects, ... luminance nonlinearities of an image sensor Theprocedure illustrated in Figure 12.1-4 involves distortion of the binary coded image luminance variable B to form a corrected binary coded luminance

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 02:20

... continuous domain coor-dinate of an object point in the scene, and let be the continuous domain-projectedcoordinate in the image plane The image plane is assumed to be at the center of the coor- dinate ... & Sons, Inc. MORPHOLOGICAL IMAGE PROCESSING Morphological image processing is a type of processing in which the spatial form orstructure of objects within an image are modified Dilation, erosion ... source image Again, interpolation is required to obtain Rotation of asource image about an arbitrary pivot point can be accomplished by translating theorigin of the image to the pivot point, performing

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 02:20

... DETECTIONDiscrete domain versions of the large operators defined in the continuousdomain can be obtained by sampling their continuous impulse response functionsover some window The window size should ... spots in aluminance image: differential detection and model fitting With the differential detec-tion approach, as illustrated in Figure 15.1-6, spatial processing is performed on anoriginal image ... determined from the discrete image data In this notation, theindices are treated as continuous variables in the row (x-coordinate) and column (y-coordinate) directions of the discrete image,

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 02:20