non thermal effects of diagnostic ultrasound

... (two-dimensional Basics of Ultrasound B-scan technique) One of the preconditions is that only a small part of the ultrasound is reflected at each interface, and most of the ultrasound is transmitted ... attenuation of ultrasound energy of approx decibel per cm of propagation in the tissue traversed per MHz of frequency The ultrasound attenuation must be corrected by amplifying echoes as a function of ... H.T Lutz · H.A Gharbi Manual of Diagnostic Ultrasound in Infectious Tropical Diseases Harald T Lutz Hassen A Gharbi (Editors) Manual of Diagnostic Ultrasound in Infectious Tropical Diseases...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 16:22

... causes heating, referred to as ultrasound s thermal effect Ultrasound also creates nonthermal effects, also known as mechanical effects 1.5.1.1 Thermal Effects As ultrasound waves pass through ... the safety features of ultrasound, and more safety education for ultrasound system operators In light of the sheer numbers of people exposed to ultrasound, any possibility of a harmful effect ... possible harmful effects of diagnostic ultrasound In conclusion, according to researchers, the relevant literature, and the safety committee conclusions of the World Federation of Ultrasound in...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 16:22

... Scarring of the lung (no resolution of a lobar pneumonia) The echo pattern of the lung looks like the echo pattern of the neighboring spleen (The same sonographic finding is seen in atelectasis of a ... malaria (M falciparum) is endemic The frequency of splenomegaly indicates the degree of infestation The splenic index is defined as the number of cases of splenomegaly per 100 individuals examined ... because ultrasound waves cannot penetrate through the ribs or through the aircontaining lung Ultrasound is able only to demonstrate lesions and alterations of the pleura and at the surface of the...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 16:22

... Findings in Inflammatory Diseases a complication of a parasitic disease of the liver, e.g., of echinococcosis (see Chap 3, Sect 3.3.7) The thickened wall of the bile ducts is seen in acute cholangitis ... diagnosis of ascites The thickened wall of the gall bladder indicates benign serous ascites; the coarse surface of the liver identifies cirrhosis as the underlying disease (a) The normal wall of the ... figure (O) corresponds to the distal part of the duodenum (b) The technique of “water contrast” is the best method for the examination of the stomach: the wall of the body is well demonstrated, even...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 16:22

... Ultrasound is contributive in the advanced stage of the disease and particularly in the case of nonfunctional kidney Ultrasound may show: – focal heterogenities of renal parenchyma – pseudocystic lesions ... ultrasound may show a nonspecific thickening of the bladder wall, with reduced capacity At transrectal ultrasound, the most common finding of tuberculous prostatitis is the presence of hypoechoic areas, ... Progression of the disease because of viral resistance and thus immune deficiency Therefore, many patients with HIV infection/AIDS still require a diagnostic imaging examination because of the presence of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 16:22

... Colonoscopy 100 Ultrasound Diagnosis of Special Infectious and Parasitic Diseases shows the presence of ulcers in the walls of the organ where biopsy samples can be taken 3.3.1.6 Ultrasound Ultrasound ... Morrison’s pouch, thickening of gall bladder walls, etc.), with a “cut-off” a value of Patients over this value have a higher risk of developing the most severe form of this disease Based on these ... habits of hygiene are a common problem The propagation of amebiasis is caused by deficiencies in the elementary rules of hygiene, lack of proper sewer systems, and the subsequent contamination of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 16:22

... evaluation presents the advantages of noninvasiveness and of being accessible to the majority of the patients, becoming an important step in the practice of modern diagnostic medicine Thus, this ... standardization of the use of diagnostic ultrasound in schistosomiasis indicated for field studies For epidemiological purposes, it is very important that 3.3 Parasitic Diseases 131 ultrasound examinations ... state of presinusoidal portal hypertension Macroscopically, the liver presents an increase of the left lobe, atrophy of the right lobe, blunt borders, and fibrous thickening of the portal spaces of...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 16:22

... period of 16 to 20 weeks, the cyst doubles in size as it becomes filled with fluid This period of progressive development leads to the production of thousands of scolices; at the same 144 Ultrasound ... patency of the portal vein may be helpful to demonstrate patency of involvement of the main vessels (Fig 3.92) Lymphadenopathy is rare Differential Diagnosis Because of the tumor-like appearance of ... make a precise evaluation of intra-and extrahepatic involvement of the disease, which is difficult in the far field by sonography because of the marked attenuation of the ultrasound beam throughout...

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 16:22

... the use of multitrait models would be more appropriate [25-27] The aim of this research was to study the possible effects of porcine RBP4, ESR1 and IGF2 polymorphisms on the prolificacy of a hyperprolific ... lower number of genotyped dams compared to the total number of sows requires the use of simpler models to perform the association analyses of this study According to the structure of the genetic ... vector of permanent environmental effects for each sow with records in the last parity class being W the incidence matrix relating the elements of p≥ with the records in y≥6 The expectation of yi...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 13:21

... Correlation effects in atomic thermal vibration of fcc crystals 27 The purpose of this work is to study the correlation effects in atomic vibrations of fcc crystals in XAFS, i.e., ... new procedure for study of DebyeWaller and of the atomic correlated vibration in XAFS theory Acknowledgements One of the authors (N V Hung) thanks Prof J J Rehr (University of Washington) for very ... dependence of our calculated correlation function DCF C R of Cu and Ni is illustrated in Figure and their ratio with function u2 and Figure 3: Temperature dependence of the calculated DCF C R of Cu...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 14:20

... consist of a series of pools or billabongs where temperatures can reach up to 40ЊC in summer [48] The effects of the intensive use of pesticides on Australia’s aquatic ecosystems are of particular ... 1944 Preliminary study of the thermal requirements of desert reptiles Bull Am Mus Nat Hist 83:261– 296 Lowe Jr CH, Vance VJ 1955 Acclimation of the critical thermal maximum of the reptile Urosaurus ... of temperature on the acute toxicity of phenol to rainbow trout in hard water Water Res 1:587–594 59 Changon N, Hlohowskyj I 1989 Effects of phenol exposure on the thermal tolerance ability of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 20:20

... thermal resistances of the entire CNT array interface Consequently, the contact of the CNTs to their growth substrate and the effective thermal conductivity of the CNT arrays had negligible effects ... decreased as expected because of the decrease in the mobility and/or aggregation of the catalyst nano- Thermal Resistance Measurement The room-temperature thermal resistances of silicon-CNT-silver interfaces ... order of magnitude less than the roomtemperature phonon mean free path of CNTs ͑approximately 150 nm ͓15͔͒ Therefore, phonon transport through the contacts is ballistic ͓16,17͔, and the total thermal...

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2014, 08:53

... inactivation of bacteria on non- living surfaces by vacuum and atmospheric pressure plasmas will be presented A second part of the chapter will deal with state -of- the-art applications of non- thermal ... structures of bacterial cells In the case of air, the production of NO and NO2 adds to the lethality of the process 2.2.4 Effect of charged particles In the discussion of the mechanisms of inactivation, ... inactivate spores of B globigii and reported a reduction of seven orders of magnitude of the original concentration of B globigii in approximately 30 seconds Fig 11 Schematic representation of the atmospheric...

Ngày tải lên: 18/05/2014, 20:36

... pathway of action of vitamin D also influences the polymorphism of VDR responsible for the nongenomic pathway of action [43] This nongenomic pathway has a complementary action to that of the genomic ... months - No reduction of the incidence of fractures - No reduction of the rate of falls or the incidence of fractures No effect of serum vitamin D3 level - No reduction of the fracture risk (OR ... an overview of the key role of the non- bone effects Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation 2010 7:50 Submit your next manuscript to BioMed Central and take full advantage of: • Convenient...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... the anabolic effects of ultrasound, may further accelerate allograft healing Therefore, the goal of this exploratory study was to examine the potential of daily LIPUS stimulation of the hostallograft ... of funding, acquisition of data, analysis and interpretation of data, drafting of manuscript, statistical analysis; NE study conception and design, procurement of funding, critical revision of ... with low-intensity pulsed ultrasound Ultrasound Med Biol 2004, 30(3):389-395 Friedenberg ZB, Harlow MC, Brighton CT: Healing of nonunion of the medial malleolus by means of direct current: a case...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... applied, lateral displacement of the patella during physical exam of healthy subject and can be used in future studies of evaluating the effectiveness of thermal shrinkage of medial parapatellar capsule ... prospective studies of shoulder with a wide spectrum of diagnoses, the effectiveness of thermal capsulorrhaphy has been mixed [7-9] It is important to quantify the effectiveness of thermal capsulorrhaphy ... flexion Thermal shrinkage of medial parapatellar capsule may improve its stiffness and capacity in resisting lateral dislocation of the patella Although the basic science of laser- and radiofrequency-induced...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... impurity of around percent Assessment of non- target organisms Maize plants: Three maize plants from five sampling points per maize variant located at intervals of twenty metres will be searched for non- target ... (including ears) of the non- transgenic variants will be counted and the damage to the plants will be assessed No larvae will be assessed on the Bt plots, since a maximum infestation of 0.02 larvae ... up per variant at distances of twenty metres They were emptied once a week in July Spiders and ground beetles are assessed in terms of quantity and quality Assessment of birds The wetlands beside...

Ngày tải lên: 11/07/2014, 20:20

... case of oxidation of 5, the reaction temperature provided by microwave or conventional heating increased the yield of 5b, ii) in case of the oxidation of 4, the assistance of microwave or ultrasound ... 1-Bromo-2phenylethane (5) Indane (6 O O Acetophenone (1a) Propiophenone (2a) O OH 2-Hydroxy-2phenylpropane (4a) Benzophenone (3a) O H Br Br 1-Phenyl-2-bromoethanone (5a) O 1-Indanone (6a) Br ∗ 1,2-Dibromo-1-phenylethane ... (7a) O 9-Fluorenone (8a) Fig Structure of substrates and products in the oxidation of alkylarenes 2.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The stoichiometric factor investigated on the oxidation of diphenylmethane...

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 03:20