neurophysiology and functional neuroanatomy of pain perception

... established. Of two possible dimeric structures of LPL, the head-to- head and the head-to-tail models, the studies of the chimeric proteins of hepatic lipase and LPL and the tandem repeat approach of LPL ... modeling, addition of hydrogen, modification of bonds, potentials of forcefield, and fixation of heavy atom, backbone, and Ca, were performed for molecular mechanics calculations. and then the energy minimization ... of apoC- II interacts with the interface of the N- and C-terminal domains of LPL and part of the lid surface [32]. Because the functional importance of LPL’s C-terminal domain is increasingly

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 15:20

... Fig Nucleotide and predicted amino acid sequence (A) and hydropathy profile (B) of human ST6Gal II, and (C) comparison of the sialylmotifs L, S and VS of hST6Gal II with those of previously cloned ... (nucleotide 1–35, Fig 1A) and the 3¢ primer described above The 25 lL of PCR mixture consisted of unit of DyNazyme EXT, 0.3 lM of each primer, 0.2 mM dNTP and 1.5 ng of plasmid DNA Reactions were ... content of asialo-glycoproteins was analysed by GC-MS [30] Construction of expression vectors of hST6Gal II and transfections A truncated form of hST6Gal II lacking the first 33 amino acids of the

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... (featuring a K m of 3.1 l M andanapparentV max of 28.49 lmolÆh )1 Æmg )1 ) and a substrate inhi- bition curve (featuring a K m of 13.5 l M ,anapparentV max of 89.47 lmolÆh )1 Æmg )1 and a K si of 5.65 ... lm) and programmed at an initial temperature of 45 °C for 1 min, with a ramp of 10 °CÆmin )1 to 280 °C, and final time of 10 min. Products were identified by compar- ison of retention times and ... by random sequencing of a flavedo-derived cDNA library of C. limon and their char- acterization by functional expression in Escherichia coli. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant material, substrate, and

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... and tough, and protection from microbial degra- dation. This multifunctionality, together with the insoluble ⁄ sticky and complex nature of the adhesive, have hindered any detailed analysis of ... sequence. b The amino acid composition analyzed by amino acid analysis. c Sum of the numbers of Asp and Asn. d Sum of the numbers of Glu and Gln. Barnacle surface-cement protein Y. Urushida et al. 4338 FEBS ... polycrystalline gold and alkylated gold. The arrows and thick arrows indicate the starts of sample loading (2 l M) and washing by the running buffer, respectively. The processes of sample loading and washing

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 05:20

... protein composed mainly of a helices (Figs 1 and 2). The core of Iba2 is a pair of EF-hand motifs, denoted as EF-hands 1 and 2, each consisting of two a helices (aA, aB and aC, aD, respectively) ... cross-linking efficiency of Iba1 and Iba2 or in the overall morphology of the generated filament bundles. Calcium affinity of Iba1 and Iba2 Homodimerization and actin binding of Iba1 and Iba2 were similar ... may be concluded that EF-hand 1 of the Iba proteins is not capable of functional Ca 2+ binding. Function of EF-hand 2 In both Iba1 crystal structures, the loops of EF-hand 2 adopt essentially the

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... Comparative structures of CMP and UMP, and interactions between the cyto- sine moiety of nucleotide and various side chains of wild-type CMP kinase. (Upper) Chemical differences between CMP and UMP are ... the distal point of the rest of the protein. Such a dipole will have weak inter- actions with the rest of the protein. Thus, if turned off (by removal of Arg and protonation of Asp185), the protein ... states of native and R188M-modified structures revealed a major difference. In the absence of R188, D185 is cal- culated to be neutral (protonated). Thus, by turning off both charges (of R188 and

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 10:20

... UÆmg )1 protein and recovery levels of 20– 30%. In all cases, the analysis by SDS ⁄ PAGE and native PAGE of purified preparations showed only one protein band of 20–22 kDa (Figs 1 and 2; supple- mentary ... mass of 19 216 Da and a pI of 4.69, in good agreement with MALDI-TOF MS (Fig. 1A) and chromatofocusing data, respectively. The other three N-terminal sequences determined in this work, of Anabaena ... Rao and Dr J. Josse for critical review of the manuscript, and Profes- sor W. Lo ¨ ffelhardt (University of Vienna, Austria) for his assistance in N-terminal protein sequencing and some MALDI-TOF

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 11:20

... incorporation of the ligand. Binding of DAUDA to Ag-NPA-1 caused  20% quenching of the emission of Trp17 indicating FRET between the single Trp residue and the dansyl group. We calculated a value of 3.74 ... lipid- binding proteins offload their ligands to membranes: differential mechanisms of fatty acid transfer by the ABA-1 polyprotein allergen and Ov-FAR-1 proteins of nematodes and Sj-FABPc of schistosomes. ... good correspondence of the experimentally determined pI of 6.1 and the theoretically deduced pI value of 6.22 was found. A theoretical prediction of the secondary structural organization of Ag-NPA-1

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:20

... aim is a precise definition of the allosteric unit responsible for cooperativity and of the possible role of heterogeneity at subunit level in the modulation of the functional properties [18,27,34]. In ... properties of the protein and to trace the evolutionary pathway of the allosteric behaviour. Results Characterization of the oligomeric state of P. monodon Hc In gel-filtration experiments of native ... whereas the relative size of the peaks a, b and c remain constant (Fig. 4B). The assignment of peaks b and c is based on the well-estab- lished elution pattern of hexameric and monomeric C. aestuarii

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 13:20

... [24] and possible regulation of activities of substance P and related tachykinins [31], whereas cathepsin D is indispensable for protection of the onset and development of a certain type of neuronal ... dis- ruption of structural and functional integrity of a2M in the endolysosome system, we examined the capacity of a2M for interacting with cathepsin E and cathepsin D under acidic conditions and the ... dye front. Fig. 1. Effect of bovine a2M on the proteolytic activities of cathepsin E and cathepsin D. The Hb-hydrolyzing activity of cathepsin E purified from human erythrocytes and rat spleen and cathepsin

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 21:20

... be attributed to an anisotropy of the porphyrin absorption band [22]. Upon addition of substrate, the signal of the positive CD band at 290 nm and the negative band at 386 nm decreased (Fig. 4B). ... standard. After extraction of the steroids and evaporation of the chloroform phase, the ste- roids were resuspended in 200 lL acetonitrile and separated on a Jasco reversed phase HPLC system of ... diagnosed because of the accumulation of 11-deoxycorticosterone and its metabolites. Overproduction of androgens such as in classic CYP11B1 deficiency leads, for example, to severe virilization of external

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... activities were determined, and are shown in Table In the transamination conversion of amino acid to a-ketoglutarate, Km and Vmax values for d-Asp and d-Ala were 2.3 and mm, and 2.5 and 5.0 lmolỈmin)1Ỉmg)1 ... This is the first report, for eukaryotes, of cDNA cloning and functional characterization of d-AAT acid aminotransferase in A thaliana tion rate of main roots and hypocotyls appeared to be greater ... after 14 days of culture It is postulated that d-Asp suppressed growth (Figs and 2), and that catabolism of d-Asp partially restored growth after 14 days of culture l-Asp, d-Glu and l-Glu contents

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... results of the luciferase activity assays for different constructs in A549 and DU145 cells. (C) The effects of 2 lg of the NEG-U decoy, 2 lg of the NEG-D decoy and a combination of 1 lg of each ... between the NEG-U and NEG-D elements, 2 lg of the NEG-U decoy, 2 lg of the NEG-D decoy, and a combination of 1 lg of each of the decoys were used, and the above-mentioned ... indicated above each lane. (B) Activities of F-233 and MF-233 in A549 and DU145 cells. (C) Activities of F-233 and varying amounts of the decoy oligonucleotides in A549 and DU145 cells. WP-decoy indi- cates

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... fibers were of small size and irregular morphology, both typical of degenerative pathology. In order to assess the extent of functional degeneration of these mus- cles, the contraction force of EDL ... aggregates in transgenic mice at day 16 of age. As mice aged, the extent of aggregation in the muscles increased. By 6 months of age, 7.7% of EDL and 65.13% of diaphragm myofi- brils had aggregate ... functions of L-MLCK are poorly understood. Investigating the existence of potentially functional domains in this extension is of importance for elucidat- ing the roles of L-MLCK. Some functional

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... prolifera- tive and differentiation state, basal level of ERK1 ⁄ 2 and Akt kinase phosphorylation, and P2Y 1 and P2Y 12 receptor protein expression and functional activity. Examination of the effects of specific ... Jolanta Baran ´ ska Department of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland The focus of this study is glioma C6 cells, ... G 1 , 25% in G 2 ⁄ M, and 15% in S phase. After 24 and 48 h of serum starvation,  80% and 90% of cells were growth arrested, respectively. However, there were still a number of unsynchronized cells,

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 08:20

... importance of TRP channels in the development of disease becomes increasingly evident. In particular, TRPV channels are involved in various aspects of pain such as inflammatory pain, cancer pain and ... neuropathic pain, as well as other diseases including allergy, diabetes and cough [129]. Indeed, data tie TRPV1 and TRPV4 to the status of the cytoskeleton in models of pain. For TRP channels and cytoskeleton ... induction of neuritogenesis and the formation of elongated cells. (C) Time series of a growth cone developed from F11 cell expressing TRPV1–GFP. Application of RTX results in rapid collapse and retraction

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 10:20

... residues of D3 and B contribute to the stability of the dimer The first cluster includes F70/V336 and I72/Q338 (both in b5 strand) of D3 and F27/Y289 (b2 strand), L67/M324, V70/I327 and L72/L328 ... b5 strand) of D3 and I41/L304, C43/A306 (both in b3), L69/S326 and L71/L328 (both in b4) of B Stacking interactions between guanidinium groups of arginines R69/V335 of D3 and R25/G287 and R49/T312 ... in b4 strand) of B The second cluster consists of P6/M267, L10/ L271 (both in a-helix), V18/C279 (b1 strand), L32/F293 (b2 strand), I33/K294 (loop after b2 strand), I68/F334, L71/ V337 and L73/F339

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 15:20

... Italy, the Netherlands and Poland), North America (Canada and the United States) and Oceania (Australia and New Zealand), with patients with DVT, AF or PE All three trials Page of 12 (page number ... factor the items B10, B11 of the "Convenience" dimension and the items C1 and C2 of the "Burden of Disease and Treatment" dimension; factor the items D1, D2 and D3 of the original "Anticoagulant ... treatment satisfaction (items D4 to D7), burden of disease and treatment and convenience of use (items C1 and C2 and items B10 and B11, respectively), and patients' anticoagulant treatment satisfaction

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... Snider and McMahon 1998; Petruska et al. 2002). K.G. Usunoff · A. Popratiloff · O. Schmitt · A. Wree Functional Neuroanatomy of P ain With 19 Figures 123 34 Functional Neuroanatomy of the Pain ... 26 Functional Neuroanatomy of the Pain System ThecriticalroleoftheSTTinpainisuniversallyacknowledged,buttherelative in volvement in pain sensation of lamina I neurons and the wide-d ... “neuropathic pain. ” Here, we presen t an updated review of the functional anatomy of normal and neuropathic pain. 2 Functional Neuroanatomy of the Pain System 2.1 Primary Afferent Neuron The primary...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 18:20

... HPRT and hypoxanthine. (C) PRTFDC1 and guanine. (D) HPRT and guanine. Table 2. K m and V max values for Hx and G in the presence of 1 mM PRPP, determined using the DE-81 filter paper assay and ... PRTFDC1 towards hypoxanthine and guanine is only 0.26% and 0.09%, respectively, of the activity of HPRT, the role of the PRTFDC1 in purine metabolism remains unclear and it is uncertain whether ... elucidation of the structure of PRTFDC1 and the definition of its ligand binding specificity from a large metabolome library provides an initial start point for defining the molecular function of PRTFDC1....

Ngày tải lên: 15/02/2014, 01:20