natural language question answering the view from here

... that they enable us to treat database question- answering model-theoretically. The set-theoretic structure of the model is that which would be obtained by generating from the relations of the ... constructable from the database corresponds to the non-logical constants MOTHER and DIABETIC. The problem is that the database chooses to highlight the complex property DIAMOTHER while avoiding the ... sections. In the first, I will summarize some past treatments of the mapping between the meaning representation and the query language, and show the problems they fail to solve. The second section...

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Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 12:20

... interest. 2. The returned text passages present the answer in context and thus help users to validate the answer–there always will be the odd case where a system returns a wrong result. 1 for Question Answering ... to the question “How many Munros are there in Scotland?” The green bar to the left indicates that the system is confident to have found the right answer, which is shown in bold: “284”. Furthermore, ... which contains the title of the Wikipedia article the para- graph is from, Headers, which lists the title and all section and subsection headings indicating the posi- tion of the paragraph in the article...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... which there are thirty-five in all. At the head of each of these districts is the district president, also appointed by the crown. In addition there is the Kreis, or Circle, of which there ... Würtemberg, in the upper chamber with 51 members there are 3 industrials; and in the second chamber with 63 members there are 17 industrials. In Baden, of the 37 members of the upper house there are ... poured down from the territory roughly included between the Rhine, the North Sea, the Oder, and the Danube. As we know these countries to-day, the definite thing about them is their difference....

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 04:20

... 62–68, ACL Edward Loper and Steven Bird. 2002. NLTK: The Natural Language Toolkit. In Proc ACL Workshop on Effective Tools and Methodologies for Teaching Natural Language Processing and Computational Linguistics, ... 19104-2653, USA Abstract The Natural Language Toolkit is a suite of program modules, data sets and tutorials supporting research and teaching in com- putational linguistics and natural language processing. ... porter.stem(token), stem is excit The corpora included with NLTK come with corpus readers that understand the file structure of the corpus, and load the data into Python data structures. For example, the following...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 12:20

... Evaluating Question Answering We used as test inputs 40 questions, which are related to technical terms collected from the Class II exami- nation in the autumn of 1999. The objective here is not ... improved, and the coverage was comparable with that for the Nichi- gai dictionary. On the other hand, in the case where random choice was performed, the Nichigai dictionary and the Web- based ... existing encyclopedias, where vocabulary size is relatively limited, and therefore the quantity prob- lems has been resolved. On the other hand, encyclopedias extracted from the Web are not comparable...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... inferring the proper position for the plank from the expressed goal to create a simple scaffold. Therefore, the goal an action is meant to achieve constrains the interpretation and / or the execution ... with respect to the plan get x; notice that the (most direc0 connection between these two actions requires the assumption that the referent of the urn of coffee is in the other room. Schematically, ... the construction of the logical form of a sentence, and he doesn't pursue the issue of what the relation between the actions described in the matrix and adjunct really is. The only other...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 21:20

... following the associative OUTPUTFROM link from wlne. If either of these tests succeed, then the object found is inferred to be the container poured from. At dlfferent times, either the ... in the sentence, there is nothing there to explicitly relate turning on the faucet and filling the glass. The glass could conceivably be filled with milk from a carton. However, in the ... explicitly represented here as they were there, allowing them to be used In more then one way, as In the case where water is inferred to be the ~/Gg~Ted liquid solely from its presence in a...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... "What does the question mean?", "How shall I answer it?", "What is the answer?". The meaning of a NL question, and the database of information about the application ... that", i.e. the logical form reads "M is an answer if there is no known department that M does not manage". The question "Who manages each department?", on the other hand, ... resulting Prolog form is directly executed to yield the answer to the original question. On that's domain of world geography, most questions within the English subset are answered in well under...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... PHRASES the speed of a vessel the vessers speed the vessel speed RESULTS from COMPOSITIONALITY The vessel speed of Vinson Vinson has speed 1 The vessels with a speed of 20 knots The vessel's ... amples, taken from [12], appear below, where the ref- erence requiring bridging is underlined. 1. I looked into the room. The ceilinq was very high. 2. I walked into the room. The chandeliers ... Ayuso, D.M., and Scha, R. The Syntax and Semantics of the JANUS Semantic Inter- pretation Language. In Research and Development in Natural Language Understanding as Part of the Strategic Computing...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 20:20

... evaporates from the (3) ! op pc,~li t polar cap. (9) ' \ Only the midday sun I - 50 ~rc~nt at Izopical ___ ~1 farther from the latitudes b warm [ Evidence . where the sun r~.~ml in the ... the texts into clauses. The judges were given no instructions about the criteria that they had to apply in order to determine the clause boundaries; rather, they were supposed to rely on their ... built the discourse trees for five texts that ranged from 161 to 725 words. Although there were some differences with respect to the names of the rela- tions that the analysts used, the agreement...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 03:20

... wind-resistant building codes in the region strive to protect the lives of those inside the building, not to ensure the continuity of the building’s operations. 6 Both the architectural and the structural design ... volcanic eruptions—and the devastation they inflict—are all too familiar to the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean. In the last decade, natural disasters have caused more than 45,000 deaths in the region, ... during the other stages of the project that could make it difficult, even impossible, to meet the protection objective. The structural system must meet the performance objectives defined for the...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 00:22

... trained the classifier on the labeled training set, classified the instances of the unlabeled test set, and then added the instances of the test set along with their predicted class to the training ... counsel on several occasions dur- ing the course of the research. Dr. Lillian Lee and her students in Natural Language Processing and Social Interaction reviewed the paper, offering valuable feedback ... markers. The other n-gram, the trigram please ^‘comma’ ^VB, does not have any match, so the final value of the feature is 1/9. Defining features in this manner allows us to both explore the bag-of-words...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20