multicomponent reactions in ionic liquids

... lignin was also solubilized into the liquid stream, indicating potential opportunities for lignin valorization For a long-term development of biorefinery, lignin supply will progressively increase ... added at 10 min to get the targeted water concentration of 20% Water was injected into the mixture starting from 15 min at the rate of 227.5 μL/min for 45 min Acidolysis was continued for a total ... heavy duty mixing to facilitate the material uniformity at high solid load-ings Second, a sampling injection port was installed in the reactor to allow acid/water injection during the high-temperature

Ngày tải lên: 04/12/2022, 16:11

... stabilize anionic intermediates.6 MeO MeO OMe NN HNO N NMe Figure Typical compounds containing a guanidine substructure. Multicomponent reactions are of increasing importance in organic and medicinal ... pharmaceutically important guanidine-containing heterocycles (Figure) In peptides, residue ofarginine has a guanidine structure in the protonated form as guanidinium ion, which functions as an ... solvent for multicomponent reactions or as a reagent for synthesis of substituted diazines, triazines,and macroheterocycles by multicomponent reactions Key words: Guanidine, guanidinium salt, multicomponent

Ngày tải lên: 12/01/2022, 23:07

... 1Full Length ArticleCatalysed oxidation of quinoline in model fuel and the selective extraction of quinoline-N-oxide with imidazoline-based ionic liquids Adeniyi S Ogunlajaa,⇑, Olalekan S Aladeb ... article in press as: A.S Ogunlaja, O.S Alade, Catalysed oxidation of quinoline in model fuel and the selective extraction of quinoline-N-oxide Trang 22 Experimental2.1 Materials Quinoline (98%, ... quinoline (2.58 mL, 0.02 mol) was carried out using [VO(sal-HBPD)]/p[VO (sal-HBPD)] (0.000167 mol of vanadium) and H2O2(0.14 mol) as an oxidant In a 25 mL round bottom flask containing quinoline,

Ngày tải lên: 19/11/2022, 11:47

... during two weeks In a previous study [5], the formation of an emulsion containing SDS, with increasing octane or decreasing 1-butanol, gave rise to an upper phase that increased in thickness and ... also interact with the solutes) increases [31] Therefore, the cationic solutes undergo a progressive distribution into an increased volume of microemulsion droplets (micelles containing IL in its ... determination of solvent properties of room temperature ionic liquids, J Chromatogr A 1037 (2004) 49–82 [10] U Doma ´nska, General review of ionic liquids and their properties, in: Ionic Liquids

Ngày tải lên: 20/12/2022, 21:27

... operating (nominal) current density (A/m2) The thermodynamic efficiency of the cell can be determined as [2]; 2 2. 2 H H ch c c in in O MEA c c in A P RT x A F I 4 , , , 2ζ ch a a in in H MEA a a in ... transfer; CFD 1 Introduction Modelling and simulation play significant roles in fully characterizing a PEM fuel cell Changes in operating conditions and physical parameters affecting its performance ... much better understood using CFD coding [1] Fuel cell modelling combines multiphysics couplings ranging from electrochemistry and thermodynamics over transport phenomena in porous media to material

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... catalytic reactions in aqueous mediaThe realm of aqueous organometallic catalysis incorporates many more reactions and catalysts than discussed in the preceeding chapters However, these were not investigated ... tris(cyanoethyl)phosphine finds use in the photographic industry [39] 9.2 Emerging techniques Concentrated aqueous salt solutions were used for dehydration of may also help in constructing aqueous-organic ... compounds, such as drugs, and for mechanistic investigations in reaction kinetics During catalytic hydrogenations in homogeneous aqueous solutions or in aqueous-organic biphasic systems there is

Ngày tải lên: 23/12/2013, 07:19

... lỏng Tài liệu tham khảo: 1-Fu, S., và L A Lucia, “Investigation of the Chemical Basis for Ineffi cient Lignin Removal in Softwood Kraft Pulp During Oxygen Delignifi cation,” ... of Wood in the Ionic Liquid 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate,”Green Chemistry 11, pp 646–655 (2009) 4-Lee, S H., và các cộng sự, “Ionic LiquidMediated Selective Extraction of Lignin... 102, ... nhiên liệu sinh học vì sự kết tinh của cellulose trong vách tế bào sinh khối lignocellulose là một trong những nguyên nhân chính gây khó khăn trong xử lý sinh khối. Các men có thể thủy phân

Ngày tải lên: 08/07/2014, 12:21

... dalam 1 INTRODUCTION Salt melting below the boiling point of water (< 100°C) produces ionic liquids (ILs) The term room-temperature ionic liquids, or RTILs, is usually Trang 2reserved for ionic ... –60°C to 450ºC with a cooling and heating rate of 10°C/min to obtain the melting point, Tm, which was determined from the DSC thermograms during the programmed reheating steps The temperatures ... calorimetric data were obtained by heating and cooling the hydrochloride salts sample as shown in Table 5 Each melting point of the DSC traces represents a crystalline melting point for the hydrochloride

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:20

... those induced in WT by HL treatment, including upregulation of several distinct genes encoding transcription factors, heat shock pro-teins, DnaJ proteins as well as antioxidant and redox proteins, ... the H2O2 levels in the leaves of the DnaJ mutants and WT were detected using DAB (dia-minobenzidine) as a substrate Notably, the staining intensity and accordingly the level of H2O2in the DnaJ mutants ... proteins, which in WT and j8 occurred after 6 h illumination at HL whereas in j11 and j20, a less distinctive drop in phosphorylation was recorded after 12 - 24 h illumination at HL Moreover in

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 03:21

... operating conditions CFD modeling and simulation for heat and mass transport in micro PEM fuel cells are being used extensively in researches and industrial applications to gain better understanding ... inlet velocities of air and fuel are calculated according to [20]: ch c c in in O MEA c c in A P RT x A F I 4 , , , 2 ζ ch a a in in H MEA a a in A P RT x A F I 2 , , , 2 ζ where A MEA is the area ... is treated as a thin interface, where sink and source terms for the reactants are implemented Due to the infinitesimal thickness, the source terms are actually implemented in the last grid cell

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:17

... enhancing lipase activity in the synthesis of sugar ester using ionic liquids was investigated In the lipase-catalyzed esterifications of glucose with vinyl laurate or lauric acid in [Bmim][TfO], 2.4 ... 提出함 仁荷大學校 大學院 生物工學科 NGUYEN MINH HIEP LIPASE-CATALYZED SUGAR ESTERS SYNTHESIS IN IONIC LIQUIDS By NGUYEN MINH HIEP A THESIS submitted to the faculty of INHA UNIVERSITY In partial fulfillment of ... SCIENCE Department of Marine Science and Biological Engineering February 2009 TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC KỸ THUẬT INHA Luận văn thạc sĩ NGUYỄN MINH HIỆP TỔNG HỢP SUGAR ESTERS TRONG IONIC LIQUIDS DƯỚI SỰ XÚC TÁC...

Ngày tải lên: 29/07/2015, 03:24

... tris(hydroxymethyl)aminoethane INTRODUCTION Ionic liquids (ILs) are organic salts remaining as liquids under ambient temperatures Since the rst reports on performing biotransformations in ILs,1,2 interests in using 18 IONIC ... Ammonium Ionic Liquids Other Abbreviations 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Ionic Liquids, Water, and Proteins 2.2.1 Ionic Nature of Ionic Liquids 2.2.2 Protic and Aprotic Ionic Liquids 2.2.3 Water Present in ... only in presenting the highest enzyme activity but also in stabilizing the protein against unfolding at high temperatures and in promoting protein renaturation upon cooling 2.2.3 Water Present in...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... Biocatalytic Reactions in Ionic Liquids 339 Whole-cell Systems and Enzymes other than Lipases in Ionic Liquids 339 Lipases in Ionic Liquids 342 Conclusions and Outlook 345 Outlook 348 Index 356 Ionic Liquids ... Reactions and Acid-Catalyzed Reactions in Ionic Liquids 174 Stoichiometric Organic Reactions 175 Molten salts as reagents 175 Reactions in chloroaluminate(III) and related ionic liquids 177 Reactions ... publications concerning ionic liquids as a function of time, as determined using SciFinder Preface Robin’s response is insightful It reflects, in part, the burgeoning growth of papers in this area...

Ngày tải lên: 09/05/2014, 17:05

... (Vidinha, Lourenco, Nunes, Duarte, and Barreiros) Similarly, ionic liquids are finding increasing use in the popular area of nanomaterials Much of this effort is directed toward using ionic liquids ... ranging from to 60 The fructosyl units are linked by (21) Ionic Liquids in Catalytic Biomass Transformation 19 linkages with the glucose as the terminating unit of the polymer chain [38] Inulins ... of 5-HMF using inulin in ionic liquids under mild conditions Combining [BMIM][Cl] and a strong acidic cation exchange resin gave a 5-HMF yield of 55% in 20 Subsequently, a two-step in one pot...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 09:20

... with running buffer and the sample is introduced by dipping one end into the sample and applying an electric field (electrokinetic injection) or by applying gas pressure (hydrodynamic injection) ... solved by coupling CE with MS The main difficulty of coupling CE with MS lies in the fact that the MS system operating under high vacuum and interfacing to CE can reduce hydrodynamic flow in the capillary ... main advantages of CZE over conventional chromatography is that it minimizes or eliminates most sources of band broadening that occur in the later; indeed, broadening is 6-10 times higher in...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:19

... importance of alumina in the natural aquatic environment and its growing application in drinking and wastewater purification, the knowledge of aluminas structure and possible interactions in water are ... reduction in charge repulsion leading to better packing of the ionic surfactants and the increase of solubilisation of non -ionic surfactants in the hydrophobic microdomains formed by the ionic surfactants ... results in a sharp increase in the adsorption corresponding to solid formation Non -ionic ethoxylated alcohols show strong adsorption affinity for silica as opposed to other minerals such as alumina...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 23:22

... thermautotrophicus neither contains methanophenazine, nor the cytochrome b-type proteins that are typical for the Methanosarcina electron-transport chain In an in vitro system from M marburgensis, ... suspensions were placed in a boiling water bath for h to destroy the cells After cooling and centrifugation (10 min, 27 000 g, °C), the supernatants were diluted in washing buffer to obtain preparations ... corresponding sodium motive force values that were maintained in methane-forming cells The results, indeed, support a Na+ translocation stoichiometry of two to four (Figs and 5) Our analyses indicate...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 09:20

... · 10 in NaCl/Tris, mounted in glycerol containing 25% NaCl/Tris and 0.1% p-phenylenediamine and examined using a laser scanning microscope (TCS NT) equipped with a Leica (DMIRBE, Inc.) inverted ... penaeidin localization at the site of injection Injection of microorganisms resulted in a dramatic decrease in numbers of both circulating and tissue in ltrating haemocytes within h of injection ... H) Regarding phagocytosis reactions, internalized bacteria were observed after 20 incubation mainly into hyaline haemocytes (Fig 10I) Intracellular phagocytosed bacteria observed in hyaline cells...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 01:20

... used in some ionic liquids 3.4.1 Chloroaluminate Systems In case of chloroaluminate ionic liquids, the potential of an aluminum electrode immersed in the acidic ionic liquids that contain AlCl3 ... electrodes in nonchloroaluminate ionic liquids especially for the N(CF3SO2 )− ionic liquids Platinum wire is used for the electrode and immersed in an ionic liquid that contains iodine and an ... LIQUIDS Hiroyuki Ohno 1.1 IONIC LIQUIDS Ionic liquids are salts with a very low melting temperature Ionic liquids have been of great interest recently because of their unusual properties as liquids...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 09:20

... explain the dynamical properties on ILs based on MD simulation results taking into consideration mainly following points: how can cross-correlated ionic motions in ILs be modified by interionic ... Applications of Ionic Liquids in Lignin Chemistry 315 Zhu Yinghuai, Karen Tang Yuanting and Narayan S Hosmane Section Organic Reactions and Biological Applications 347 Chapter 14 Ionic Liquids: Green ... F., & Shirota, H (2007) Intermolecular Dynamics, Inter actions, and Solvation in Ionic Liquids Acc Chem Res., 40, 1217-1227 [4] Weingaertner, H (2007) Understanding ionic liquids at the molecular...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20