multi column systems in gas chromatography

... commonly used measuring devices in gas chromatography for monitoring substances separated in the column This detector measures changes in the thermal conductivity of the carrier gas, caused by the ... those in the detector Mass spectrometry combined with gas chromatography has made possible the identification of components in complex mixtures Emitted radiation is also measured in gas chromatography ... employed in older types of thermal conductivity detectors; the average concentration is then measured An increase in the flow-rate results in an initial increase in the peak height, corresponding

Ngày tải lên: 06/10/2016, 09:28

... doesn’t include, however, is a wholeclass of interesting phenomena with origin on the degeneracy of the onsite, or orbital, © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 F Pinheiro, Multi-species ... q z ) is the index which labels the quasi-momentum. The Bosonic Case After inserting (2.40) in Eq (2.38) and truncating the kinetic term to its leading contribution—the tight-binding approximation; ... metallic or localized/insulating Theversatility of the cold atom systems thereby offers an interesting platform forexploring the Anderson problem in different classes July 2016 Trang 9In this thesis

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2020, 16:58

... merge-and-cut, including costs, were also defined to find the best approximate match and matching cost The Hamming Distance (Hamming 1986; Togneri and deSilva 2002) is also used in some approaches (Schindler ... similarity results obtained with the Relfun implementation (included in the Appendix) of our algorithm Finally concluding remarks are given in Section 6 2 MULTI- AGENT SYSTEMS Agent systems have been ... matching pairs of arc labels and inner node labels In this paper, the local similarity measure, which compares leaf node labels, is just an exact string comparison resulting in either 0.0 or 1.0 In

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2022, 02:46

... DETERMINATION OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES USING MICROEXTRACTION COMBINED WITH CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY CHANBASHA BASHEER NATIONAL UNIVERISITY OF SINGAPORE ... NATIONAL UNIVERISITY OF SINGAPORE 2004 GAS DETERMINATION OF ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES USING MICROEXTRACTION COMBINED WITH CHROMATOGRAPHY/MASS SPECTROMETRY CHANBASHA ... OF SINGAPORE 2004 GAS PREFACE Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) are defined as exogenous substances (such as organotins, alkylphenols, bisphenol-A, organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated

Ngày tải lên: 16/09/2015, 17:12

... Overall Single Line Diagram Figure 7.2: MV Single Line Diagram and Protections Figure 7.3: Low voltage single line diagram and protection –Power Center Figure 7.4: Low voltage single line diagram ... engineering does have a big influence on this industry and many measurements must be taken in order to obtain stable electricity Thus, working academically on the above subject and achieving ... good path for considering the design of power supply in similar energy industry 1.3 Objectives  To obtain deep understanding of electrical systems in the above mentioned industry  To know how

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2018, 14:57

... operated metallic gas valves for use in gas piping standards up to 125 psig The revised standard incorporated testing criteria for valves that could have a specific pressure rating within this pressure ... manufacture must possess in order to be considered suitable for use in gas piping systems Details of design and manufacture (other than those stated in this Standard, including such design and production ... edition of B16.33 brings an updated scope to allow all manually operated metallic gas valves for use in gas piping standards up to 175 psig This revision also includes revised testing requirements

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2018, 11:35

... thermoplastic valves in nominal valve sizes 1⁄2 through 12 These valves are intended for use below ground in thermoplastic fuel gas distribution mains and service lines The maximum operating pressure ... subsequently developed to cover larger sizes of gas valves and shutoffs Since about 1965, the increased use of plastic piping in gas distribution systems brought with it the need for valves and ... ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Co R R Brodin, Fisher Controls International, Inc M A Clark, Nibco, Inc A Cohen, Consultant U D’Urso, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers C E Floren, Mueller

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2018, 11:45

... formed during food processing (drying, smoking) and food cooking at high temperature (grilling, frying, roasting, baking) (Ledesma et al., 2014; Martin Rose et al., 2015) Therefore, in this study ... processing (Zelinkova & Wenzl, 2015; Ledesma et al., 2014; Orecchio et al., 2009; Luzardo et al., 2013) Food processing techniques contribute to the increase in PAH levels including drying, ... respectively The initial oven temperature was kept at 55oC, 0.5 min hold, ramp to 235oC at 30oC/ min, then ramp to 300oC at 5oC/min, 0.5 min hold for a total run time of 20min A 2μL sample was injected

Ngày tải lên: 14/01/2020, 17:37

... retention indices were obtained using gas chromatograms by interpolation between bracket-ing n-alkanes [28–30] A homologous series of n-alkanes (C-7 to C-40; ULTRA Scientific, Inc.; North Kingstown, ... analyzed using the developed method The levels of the volatile components in the sample were obtained by determining the X-intercept as shown in Table 3 The sample was also measured using a con-ventional ... further improved SDE to enable determination following 2 h extractions using a microap-paratus and without requiring any concentration steps before gas chromatography In 1983, Bicchi et  al [23] made

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2020, 12:34

... analysis of PAHs in mainstream smoke GC separation conditions Injection Multimode (PTV) injection, splitless mode Injection volume 2 µl Carrier gas Helium; 1 ml/min (50 min), then 2 ml/min (until the ... carbon that comprise multiple aromatic rings PAHs are formed dur-ing the incomplete combustion of organic material such as gas, coal, wood, tobacco and even chargrilled meat Interestingly, PAHs do ... naturally in tobacco plants; however, they can be introduced during tobacco curing and also deposited from vehicle exhaust during transport [4–6] PAHs are further formed during ciga-rette combustion—in

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2020, 12:54

... NaCl; D NaOH; E HCl; F Freeze-dry * N-Containing Nitrogen containing compounds ** O-Containing Oxygen containing compounds *** S-Containing Sulfur containing compounds A vs F B vs F C vs F D vs ... treatments is presented in Table 3 A single or multiple internal standards are generally applied for reducing the variability that may be introduced in the system during sample preparation The ... 5 min at 220 °C The initial temperature of the GC oven was set at 40 °C and held for 2 min before increasing to 220 °C at a rate of 5 °C/min and held for 4 min with a total run time of 42 min

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2020, 13:33

... = 240 °C at 40 °C/min and finally holding for 10  min The injection port and transfer line were kept at T = 250 °C, using hydrogen as carrier gas at initial flow of 0.6 mL/min The MS ioniza-tion ... combined with GC × GC–TOFMS in order to char-acterize Bianco and Giallo Moscatel sparkling wines, using Fisher-ratio and multiway PCA, observing the clear difference between the types of wine ... resulting from fermentation and provides some pleasant flavor [23] Performing quality control during the distillation pro-cess with the purpose of eliminating toxic compounds, but maintaining the

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2020, 13:56

... was initially held at 150 °C for 4 min (total run time 4 min), increased at 4 °C/min to 180 °C in 7.5 min and held there for 0.5 min (run time 12 min), then increased at 60 °C/min to 300 °C in ... to 300 °C in 2 min and held there for 0.5 min (run time 14.5 min) Carrier gas flow-rate at the split vent was 54.3 mL/min The injector was set to auto clean itself by pre-injecting hexane The ... fragment dif-ferently in the mass spectrometer giving rise to two dis-tinctly different indolinone ions as shown in Fig. 3a, b Linearity, sensitivity and specificity During the validation study,

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2020, 14:27

... hydrocarbons (PAH), including the labeled PAHs used in this method as internal standards, are rapidly oxidized and/or chlorinated in water containing residual chlorine Therefore, residual chlorine must ... the sample into the solvent reservoir The water sample will drain into the cartridge, and from the exit into the suction flask Maintain the packing material in the cartridge immersed in water at ... container with water from a representative area Sampling equipment, including automatic samplers, must be free of plastic tubing, gaskets, and other parts that may leach interfering analytes into...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 14:20

... www.it-ebooks.info Teamwork in Multi- Agent Systems cooperating teams of software agents Nowadays there is a growing need for teams consisting of computational agents working hand in hand with humans in multi- agent ... coined the term bounded rationality, ‘boundedly rational agents experience limits in formulating and solving complex problems and in processing (receiving, storing, retrieving, transmitting) information’ ... Alechina, 2007a) Teamwork in Multi- Agent Systems: A Formal Approach  2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Barbara Dunin-Keplicz and Rineke Verbrugge ¸ www.it-ebooks.info 12 Teamwork in Multi- Agent Systems...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 15:20

... estimation, [13] discussed it in the single cell MIMO systems in detail and it can be simply extended here 3.2.3 Multi- cell joint processing Full CSIT and data sharing are assumed in MC-JP As full cooperation ... mode switching can be found in [19] service; MIMO: multiple input multiple output; MU-MIMO: multiuser MIMO; DTX: discontinuous transmission; SON: self-organizing network Conclusion Maximizing NEE ... (GreenCom), Online (2011) J Xu, L Qiu, C Yu, Improving energy efficiency through multimode transmission in the downlink MIMO systems, in EURASIP J Wireless Commun and Networking (2011, in press) J...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... 1998) Hyphenated gas chromatography also include coupling of gas chromatographs orthogonally - multidimensional gas chromatography (MDGC or GCGC) Hyphenated techniques in gas chromatography This ... stationary phase: Chromatography (C); Liquid chromatography (LC); Gas chromatography (GC); Paper chromatography (PC); Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) Column chromatography (CC) Gas- liquid chromatography ... triple quadrupole instrument Typical applications are mainly found in contaminations in environment and foods such pesticides Hyphenated Techniques in Gas Chromatography 15 and PCBs in foods and biological...

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 14:20

... main frameworks and investigates the multi- agent coordination problem by ILC Chapter Introduction 1.2 Introduction to Multi- agent Systems Coordination In the past several decades, multi- agent systems ... domain, is introduced to the problem In addition, the inherent nature of multi- agent systems such as heterogeneity, information sharing, sparse and intermittent communication, imperfect initial ... in the Chapter Optimal Iterative Learning Control for Multi- agent Consensus Tracking form of a matrix norm inequality, and learning gain is designed by solving a set of LMIs Nevertheless, owing...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:24

... estimate the hopping frequency and hop transition time at the same time 1.2.4 Typical Types of Jamming Against FHSS In FHSS systems, there are four main kinds of intentionally jamming sources These ... jamming induces a quite insignificant effect on FHSS systems since the instantaneous FHSS frequency bandwidth is small and changes continuously For FHSS systems, a more effective tone jamming ... presence of jamming signals and white noise in FHSS communication systems Taking the effect of follower jamming and flat fading into account, two jamming rejection algorithms are proposed in this dissertation...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 09:58

... Access Interference) in OFDM systems is an interesting research area For future work, using the proposed system to eliminate multi access interference (MAI) in OFDM systems can be considered In this ... experiences fading is called as a fading channel The two main reasons for fading in wireless systems are multipath propagation (referred to as multipath fading) and shadowing from obstacles affecting the ... good in a quasi static flat fading channel The technique proposed in [24] performs better in a jamming dominant scenario But in this technique, the received jamming signals are treated as deterministic...

Ngày tải lên: 13/10/2015, 15:54