mortar and grout materials

... Recording Materials 13.3 Materials for High-Density Magnetic Recording References Trang 8CONTENTS vii Chapter 14 Soft-Magnetic Materials 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Survey of Materials 14.3 The Random-Anisotropy ... Maxwell, and Faraday) it is mainly 20th century physicists who must take the credit for giving a proper description of magnetic materials and for laying the foundations of modem technology Curie and ... studied in detail by Bloch, Landau, and Néel Magnetic materials can be regarded now as being indispensable in modern technology They are components of many electromechanical and electronic devices

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 13:39

... Nonmetals, Coatings, Mortars, Plastics, Elastomers and Linings, and Fabrics: Fourth Edition, Revised and Expanded (Parts A, B, and C), Philip A.Schweitzer 11 Corrosion Engineering Handbook, edited ... Revised and Expanded, Philip A.Schweitzer21 Corrosion Resistance Tables: Metals, Nonmetals, Coatings, Mortars, Plastics, Elastomers and Linings, and Fabrics: Fifth Edition, Revised and Expanded ... Resistance Tables: Metals, Nonmetals, Coatings, Mortars, Plastics, Elastomers and Linings, and Fabrics: Third Edition, Revised and Expanded (Parts A and B), Philip A.Schweitzer 5 Corrosion-Resistant

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:22

... glassleachability The earlier work of Newton and Paul [2.72] on awide variety of glasses was expanded and then combined withthat of Pourbaix [2.73] and Garrels and Christ [2.74] todescribe the effects ... that build up candramatically affect the dissolution rate since the silanol groups Trang 7present can polymerize, various solutes and colloids present canreact with the leached layer, and stress ... Corningglass (CGW-1723™), and yttria aluminosilicate (YAS), Odaand Yoshio [2.85] showed that YAS was significantly moredurable than fused silica in saturated steam at 300°C and 8.6MPa The dissolution

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:22

... required so thatmaterials can be selected that have slow reaction rates and/or Trang 4Fundamentals 79harmless reactions Thermodynamics provides a means for theengineer to understand and predict the ... activities: (2.58) where the subscripts a and b denote reactants and c and d denotethe products The activity is the product of an activity coefficientand the concentration for a solute that does ... reaction andthe enthalpy of reaction at several temperatures is given belowfor the reaction of alumina and silica to form mullite: (2.51)Using the following equations to calculate the enthalpy andfree

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:22

... withinthe glass surface and the depth to which it penetrates isdependent upon the exposure time and temperature (whichrelates to glass production tonnage and thickness), and theamount and type of impurities ... forming and annealing byBacon and Calcamuggio [6.35] Very high resistance wasobtained by use of very dry air Similar results were obtained and ZnO with dissolved water contents between 4 and 8 ... movement at the lowertemperature for the larger ions Expanding upon the ideas originally proposed by Paul andcoworkers [6.22–6.24], Jantzen and coworkers [6.25–6.27]have shown that network or matrix

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:22

... direction of [211] and [101] At 820°Cand 710°C, this oriented growth was not present Tampieriand Bellosi [7.34] reported this oriented growth to occur inthe [221] and [101] directions and only above ... Mukerji and Biswas, Tampieri and Bellosi reported parabolicgrowth between 900°C and 1100°C for times up to 1200 min.These differences must be attributed to differences in startingmaterials and experimental ... mullite, and thus forms aprotective layer Luthra [7.32] reported that the products ofreaction of SiC with alumina should be mullite and aluminawhen the SiC content is below 24.4 vol.% and silica and

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:22

... glass and the combined effect of dissolution andprecipitation [8.65] Ito and Tomozawa, therefore, attributedthe strength increasing mechanism to one of crack tipblunting caused by dissolution and ... competition between crack blunting and formation ofnew flaws (cracks and bubbles) was suggested as the reasonfor the slightly lower strengths This particular study by Kimand Moorhead pointed out very ... with thin films of Na2SO4 and Na2CO3 were exposed to several gas mixtures at 1000°C for 48 hr by Smialek andJacobson [8.49] The gas mixtures used were 0.1%SO2 inoxygen and 0.1%CO2 in oxygen in

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:22

... sintering and much lower amounts of additives that allow the production of materials that are fully dense The additives in these processes cause a liquid phase to form at high temperatures, and therefore ... deposition temperature and total gas pressure Chemical vapor deposition can produce materials with no grain boundary phases but which are highly oriented It is a well-known fact that CVD materials contain ... nitride-based materials today has progressed to the point of studying materials in SiaMbOcNd systems, where M has been confined mostly to trivalent cations Most work has been in systems where M=Al, Y, and/or

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 11:22

... promote wise use of mires,peatlands, and peat by advancing scientific, technical, economic, and social knowl-edge and understanding non-The members are involved in the study and use of peat, for instance, ... forestry and agri-culture should include careful land-use planning and water management sustainingsocioeconomic development in rural areas and preservation of flora and fauna (Peat-lands International ... ecosystem.” Land sustainability relates to definite periodsand land uses According to the International Peat Society (IPS) and the InternationalMire Conservation Group (IMCG), the wise use of peatlands

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... peat materials into moorsh The MFP is initiated by soil consolidation and subsidence after drain-age, then accelerated by repeated shrinkage and swelling upon successive drying and wetting, and ... decomposition and ash content, temperature, water and air contents, and nutrient ratios It is faster in fen than in oligotrophic or bog peats, and in soils used for arable farming compared with grassland ... of micropores, and the smaller the volume of macropores and mesopores in peat materials will be The MFP alters porosity, pore size distri-bution, and soil water regime (Tables 2.5 and 2.6) The

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... 1000 H8-9 (Bartels and Kuntze, 1973) H8-9 (Bartels and Kuntze, 1973) H2-3 (Illner and Raasch, 1977) H7-8 (Illner and Raasch, 1977) H2-3 (Bartels and Kuntze, 1973) H3-4 (Bartels and Kuntze, 1973) ... form:(3.4) where h is pressure head, and K and Ks are unsaturated and saturated hydraulicconductivity values, respectively; aaaa, n and llll are empirical parameters; and m = (1–1/n) This equation combines ... mechanism and magnitude of volume changes in organic soils due toswelling and shrinkage upon wetting and drying is the result of several forces acting at microscale and leading to soil subsidence and

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... 1 M KCl for muck materials rich in clay and silt Kuntze and Bartels (1984) recommended a target pH (0.1 M CaCl2) of 4.5 for organic soils showing 30–60% SOM and rich in clay and silt; they also ... 5.69, and 5.67, respectively.Pessi (1962) found that the pH of eight field-moist pristine Sphagnum and forest sedge peat materials decreased by 0.07 pH unit between 30 min and 3 h after mixing, and ... Relationships between pH values of pristine and moorsh materials are presented in Tables 5.2 and 5.3 The water suspension pH and the field-moist conditions of pristine peat materials produced the smallest

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... P L–1, 9.10 mg K L–1 and 8.35 mg N L–1 (Kuntze and Eggelsmann, 1975).Coefficients of variations were 15 and 17% for K and Ca, respectively, comparedwith 48 and 67% for P and N, thus indicating ... P and N losses compared with K and Ca Drained and cultivated organic soils in the Florida Everglades discharge largeamounts of plant nutrients into drainage canals (Volk and Sartain, 1976), and ... content and bulk density These N and P valueswere combined across depths as N and P accumulated in the 0–40, 40–80, and80–120 cm layers, respectively Due to high variability, we selected median N andP

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... ionic strength, and soil solution composition (Kishk and Hassan, 1973; Harter, 1979; Dhillon et al., 1981; Duquette and Hendershot, 1990; Basta and Tabatabai, 1992a) The ability of HA and FA to remove ... (Veith and Sposito, 1977) C Results and Discussion The Xm varied from 24,326 to 55,157 mg kg–1 (Table 7.1), in agreement with those obtained by Goodman and Cheshire (1973), and Parent and Perron ... equilibrium models and verification with field data, in Aquatic and Terrestrial Humic Materials Christman, R.F and Gjessing, E.T., Eds., Ann Arbor Science, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 333–348 Basta, N.T and Tabatabai,

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... for both crops and concentrations of 0.01 mgkg–1 for carrots and 0.06 mg kg–1 for radishes were found in crops grown on moorshand sand, respectively No residues of permethrin and cypermethrin ... exchanges, ligandexchanges, and charge-transfer complexes) are described in detail in Chiou (1990),Senesi (1992), and Stevenson (1994) The acting mechanism depends on the pesti-cide involved and on ... ionizedbasic and acidic pesticides, while the charge-transfer mechanism can take place forelectron donor pesticides such as s-triazines and substituted ureas (Senesi and Chen,1989; Senesi and Miano,

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... in alternate rows of peat and sand at an angle of 135° and in sand covering the peat The peat:sand ratio was between 2:1 (coarse sand and fibric peat) and 1:2 (fine sand and sapric peat) Organic ... Netherlands and Germany, and 70% in Denmark, Poland, and Switzerland Meadows and pastures are considered to be the most effective conservation practice (see Table 10.3 for Poland) Arable lands ... intensity of drainage, peat type and land management, the annual loss of elevation is in the range of 0.3–1.0 cm yr–1 for grassland, and 1.0–5.0 cm yr–1 for arable land Grassland is given priority in

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 15:20

... Lasers and Applications IEEE J Select Topics Quantum Electron, vol 6, p 931 330 Liu HC (2000) Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector Physics and Novel Devices In: Crandall BC (ed) Semiconductors and ... Innovative Circuits and Systems for Nano Electronics, Delft, The Netherlands, Sep 29–30, 1997, p 21 295 Wong HS, Taur Y (1993) Three-Dimensional “Atomistic” Simulation of Discrete Random Dopant Distribution ... nanoparticles Appl Phys Lett, vol 80, p 1264 372 Fu Y, Willander M, Wang TH (2002) Formation and charge control of a quantum dot by etched trenches and multiple gates Appl Phys A, vol 74, p 741 373

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... / tan \0 = f(d, n2) and ('  '0 = f(d, n2)], then the determination of the layer thickness and refractive index should be possible by forming the inverse functions d(\, ') and n2(\, ') Fig 4.35 ... amplitude ratio and the phase dif-ference have changed due to reflection If a theoretical statement can be made on the \-' change resulting from the reflection at a thin film of a thickness d and refractive ... reference or incidence plane) and B0 (perpendicular to it) is produced in the polarizer This beam has the phase difference '0 = 0 (oth-erwise it would not be linearly polarized) and the amplitude ratio

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... higher temperatures and subsequently cooled down to the measuring temperature) Gradual quantities of the gas to be adsorbed are then let into the vacuum chamber and pressure and size modifications ... in order to synthesize and stabilize metallic and semiconducting particles or nanocluster with geometrical dimensions on the nanometer scale In order to control the size and distribution of the ... various metals such as Pt, Pd, Ag, Ni, semiconducting sulfides, and selenide of Zn, Cd, and Pb or oxides such as ZnO, CdO, SnO2 ([168] and references quoted therein) The host lattice works like a

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 02:23

... wall hangings and sedan chairs 119 12.15 Carriages and cars 120 12.16 Conclusion 120 Reference 120 13 Materials and techniques: past and present 121 Marion Kite, Roy Thomson and Aline Angus 13.1 ... puncturing and abrasion, low bulk density, good heat insulation and water vapour transmission. They also include mouldability, resistance to wind and liquid water, and an ability to be stretched and ... 140 15 Furs and furriery: history, techniques and conservation 141 Marion Kite 15.1 History of fur use 141 15.1.1 Introduction 141 15.1.2 Background and history 142 15.1.3 Husbandry and harvesting...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 17:20