molecular and physiological innovations of butterfly eyes

... Sections of A officinalis young and mature leaves 65 Figure 3.2: Adaxial and abaxial surfaces of A officinalis fresh and dried leaves 66 Figure 3.3: Determination of salt gland density in A officinalis ... project aims to understand some of the physiological aspects of the mangrove A officinalis Identification of differentially expressed salt gland genes and characterization of a Dehydrin gene that ... 3.4: Salt gland structure from A officinalis leaves 69 Figure 3.5: Estimation of ions in xylem sap of A officinalis 71 Figure 3.6: Estimation of ions in leaf secretions of A officinalis...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 08:13

... presence of several concentrations of ATP (A) or AMP (B) and different concentrations of the inhibitor Each point is the mean of three separate trials Inhibition of AK by the specific inhibitor Ap5A and ... mM) and AMP (range 0.010–1.5 mM) Protein content was estimated by using the method of Bradford [25] For analysis of enzyme kinetics AK assay was done at varying concentrations of ATP and AMP and ... describes the cloning and functional characterization of an AK gene from a genomic library of L donovani as well as its expression and molecular characterization Materials and methods Materials...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 00:20

... the total outcome of the constitutive expression of the full-length and the differentiation stage-dependent expression of WISP1v in vitro Effect of overexpression of CCN4/WISP1 and its variants ... chondrosarcoma and it is one of the cell lines known to retain the characters of chondrocytes, as represented by the expression of type II and type X collagen genes To assess whether WISP1v and WISP1vx ... translation products of the novel variant (WISP1vx) (A) Nucleotide sequences of the amplicons I, II and III from HCS-2 ⁄ cDNA were analyzed and the structures of the corresponding mRNAs and deduced translational...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... for detection of an additional CRFR1e1 protein (band 10) with molecular mass of 20 kDa (Fig 2) Proteins with lower molecular mass than expected included band (39 kDa) for CRFR1f, band (34 kDa) ... fully active alpha isoform and other variants, we conducted a series of cotransfection experiments and compared ligand-induced accumulation of cAMP (Fig 3) Although the level of cAMP accumulated ... Broad band seen in CRFR1a has an apparent molecular mass of 55–65 kDa and most likely represents glycosylated receptor We note that others have also reported detection of CRFR1 proteins with molecular...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 15:20

... 2B that VBARP-L and VBARP-S are coded by these specific exons VBARP-L and VBARP-S code for precursor proteins of 627 and 435 amino acids and with calculated peptide masses of 69 and 49 kDa, respectively ... expressed the predicted molecular mass of protein similar to the in vitro 4095 Molecular characterization of ANKHD1 splice variant A B Fig Expression of VBARP isoforms in vitro and in vivo: (A) In ... distribution of VBARP is independent of the cycling stage of the cells Identification of biological function(s) of VBARP using a siRNA assay To examine the role of endogenous VBARP in the regulation of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... Reactivity of the Monosaccharides Other Classes of Carbohydrates Disaccharides and Oligosaccharides and Their Properties 14 Glycoconjugates of Physiological Interest 18 Structure and Properties of Proteins ... Digestion, and Absorption Transport and Conversion of Riboflavin to Coenzymes 469 471 xxii • • • Contents Riboflavin Catabolism and Excretion 472 Functions of Flavocoenzymes in Metabolism 472 Riboflavin ... Assessment of Riboflavin Nutriture 475 Riboflavin Requirements 475 Thiamin Thiamin and Thiamin Coenzyme Structure and Nomenclature Sources, Digestion, and Absorption 476 Transport and Conversion of Thiamin...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 18:07

... for studies of osmosensing and associated signal transduction mechanisms Little is known about the molecular bases of these processes in animals The forward and reverse genetic and molecular tractability ... biological process of interest, allows genes to be ordered into pathways, and can provide important and novel mechanistic insights into the molecular structure and function of proteins In addition ... association of four TRP subunits TRP channels function in diverse physiological processes, including sensory transduction, epithelial transport of Ca2+ and Mg2+, Ca2+ signaling and modulation of membrane...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 03:20

... Sequence analysis Both CM-AAT1 and CM-AAT2 encode proteins of 461 amino acids with a theoretical molecular mass of 51.5 kDa and 51.8 and a pI of and 8.5, respectively, and 87% identity at the amino ... recombinant protein was capable of producing esters from a wide range of combinations of alcohols and acyl-CoAs with the exception of ethanol, nonanol, and linalol from acetylCoA, and ethanol, cis/trans-3-hexenol, ... trellis in a greenhouse under standard cultural practices for fertilization and pesticide treatments Flower tagging on the day of hand pollination and daily measurements of internal ethylene (WT fruit...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 21:21

... Molecular and Cellular Biology of Neuroprotection in the CNS Molecular and Cellular Biology of Neuroprotection in the CNS Edited by Christian Alzheimer Institute of Physiology University of ... viewpoint of the basic scientist who works at the cellular and molecular level, but who also develops and tests new hypotheses using animal models of acute and chronic brain injury Although many of ... 198 Chemical Structures and Receptor Profile of Neuroprotective mGluR Ligands 199 Physico-Chemical and Pharmacokinetic Properties of Neuroprotective mGluR Ligands 202 Group-I...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2014, 12:51

... coordination of the study and in the discussion of the results RSA conceived the study, and participated in its design and coordination and drafted the manuscript All authors read and approved ... intimate molecular nature of the CIITA mediated inhibition of Tax-2 We found that both CIITA and NF-Y interact in vivo with Tax-2 We identified both an N-terminal and a Cterminal region of CIITA ... discussed within the present knowledge of cell host-pathogen interaction and the identification of the dual role of CIITA as modulator of adaptive immunity and restriction factor against human...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... for the performance of the isolated pig kidney Materials and methods Animals and experimental groups After approval of the local official veterinarian institutions, German landrace female pigs ... elevated values of 11.4 mg/dl (group C) and 12.9 mg/dl (group A) and significant alterations from Page of 13 (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology ... approximation of the glomerular filtration rate and thus can be taken as one of the principal indicators of renal function quality with a physiological mean value in the control group of 76.1 ml/min*100...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... integrated measure of the dry bulb, wet bulb, wind speed and radiant heat From these variables, and taking into consideration the type of clothing worn and acclimatisation state of the worker, the ... engaged in the construction of a large concrete water feature outside of a multi-story office building The nature of the work precluded any provision of shade other than that offered by the nearby ... the end of each shift and the data used to calculate mean and maximum working heart rates as well as percentage of cardiac Page of 10 (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of Occupational...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... prevention of the initial lesion of AC surface and increase of the durability of the AC This is consistent with the fact that loss of the most superficial layer of AC accelerates worn off AC [13] ... lead to rapid wear of the AC, and consequently reduction of the loading capacity of AC as a result of progressive release of proteoglycans from the cartilage [22] Therefore, study of the 3D collagen ... wear and shearing resistance of the AC It also leads to change of the osmotic pressure in AC and gradually release of PGs to the joint cavity The tensile strength and lateral integrity of the...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... 0.5 μl of reverse-transcription product, 0.1 mM of each primer and μl of QuantumRNA™ 18S internal standard (Ambion, Austin, TX) at a primer:competimer ratio of 4:6 for CYP 3A2 and 2C11 and 3:7 ... profile [15,16], and an inactive control, AdlacZ inactivated by exposure to riboflavin and UV light, were included to study the effect of the immune response against virus capsid proteins and ... evidence of recovery in animals treated with WT (31% of control) AdlacZ (37%) and HDAd (29%) (Figure 1D, p ≤ 0.01) CYP3A2 activity was assessed by separation and quantification of the isoform-specific...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 01:20

... taller and stronger; they had a larger volume of shoots and root systems compared to seedlings from the shaded plas- 443 Table The comparison of morphological traits of one-year seedlings of European ... in processes of the capture and transmission of radiant energy quanta The longterm effect of excessive PAR leads to the photodestruction of assimilatory organs when the bleaching of photosynthetic ... proportion of fine roots in the root system and the ratio of leaf area to seedling height The measurement of chlorophyll fluorescence showed lower values of the maximum quantum yield of photosystem...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 10:21

... volume of shoots and particularly of roots These traits also imply a lower ratio of root to shoot volume The dry weight of root systems and shoots, i.e the dry weight of stem and branches and total ... and seasonal fluctuation of photosynthesis, plant growth and dynamics of stands (Call et al 1994) The values of Fo (minimum fluorescence at all reaction centres of photosystem II when open) and ... length of the longest branch, root system length, dry weight of branches and stem, dry weight of assimilatory organs, dry weight of root system The number of branches growing on an annual shoot and...

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 10:22

... seed size) and seedling growth and the effect of seed storage on the physiological status of seedlings The objectives of this study were to evaluate how parental tree and the duration of acorn ... morphological and physiological quality of seedlings is one of the criteria conditioning growth and seedling performance in the field A positive relationship between seed size and seedling establishment and ... distinguish effects of parental trees RESULTS 3.1 Seedlings emergence The rate and time of emergence of seedlings from fresh and stored seeds of the 12 parental trees are shown in tables I and II Total...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:21

... expression of rice COPT1 and COPT5 was influenced by Cu; COPT1 and COPT5 were induced by Cu deficiency and suppressed by overdose of Cu in both shoot and root tissues [29] The expression of other ... expression of COPTs (Figure 8a) Mn deficiency induced COPT1 in root and COPT3 and COPT7 in shoot, and slightly suppressed COPT2 and COPT4 in root Zn deficiency induced COPT1, COPT5, and COPT7 and slightly ... Dennis J Thiele of Duke University Medical Center for providing yeast copper-uptake mutant and plasmids and Dr David Eide of University of Wisconsin-Madison and Dr Hongsheng Zhang of Nanjing Agricultural...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:22

... AFJM and Goldspink G Comparison of the molecular, antigenic and ATPase determinants of fast myosin heavy chains in rat and human: a single-fibre study Pflugers Arch 1997, 435:151-163 Aubier M and ... against the slow and fast isoforms of SERCA, respectively, were also used on serial sections of rat diaphragm (catalogue numbers MA3-91 and MA3-911; Affinity BioReagents, Inc., Page of 10 (page number ... percentage of fibers classified as IIb and a trend toward increased numbers of IIx and slow fibers When calculated on the basis of area occupied by each fiber type, the difference between emphysema and...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:20