modeling of fixed bed catalytic reactors

... which resulted in the devel-opment of two main categories:fixed bed and fluidized bed gasifier Fluidized bed reactors operate with afluidized mixture of biomass and a bed material (inert sand or catalyst); ... compensates the decrease of the char conversion at the bottom of the bed 4.5 Effect of particle size on the gas production The effect of the particle diameter at the inlet of the gasification zone ... Puig-Arnavat et al.[4]reported that 75% of the manufactured gasifiers in the world are of downdraft gasifier type Modeling of gasification process within fixed bed gasifiers has been also studied extensively

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2016, 09:31

... show the molar rates of production of species due to gas- phase and surface reactions, respectively The rate of production of species k comes from summing the rate of progress of each reaction (forward ... index of a system is loosely defined as the number of differentiations of the system of equations required to yield an explicit ODE system for all of the unknowns [82] In the present system of equations, ... "Numerical Modeling of Catalytic Ignition," Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, Vol 26, 1996, pp 1747-1754 [22] Kolaczkowski, S.T., "Modelling catalytic combustion in monolith reactors -

Ngày tải lên: 02/10/2024, 02:03

... Trang 9Table 4 Data of variable bed depth at a fixed flow rate in a fixed-bed column for the removal of MB onto PAC2 Bed Depth (Z) (cm) Bed Volume (V) (cm 3 ) Mass Of Adsorbent (M) (g) EBRT (min) ... data of variable bed depth at a fixed flow rate (2 ml/min) in a fixed-bed column (3mm) for the removal of MB onto PAC2 The data in Table 4 shows that EBRT, Vb and Tb increased with increasing bed ... calibration of fixed-bed adsorption models with microcolumn data could satisfactorily simulate the bed performance for large column The focus of this work is directed at the evaluation of the success of

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... are the rates of heat of formation of biomass, steam, gaseous products, and ash, respectively, and Q_ rxn is the rate of heat of reaction The impacts of two operating parameters of modified equivalence ... fugacity of species i in solution i GP the volume of product gas from the gasification of per unit weight of fuel (Nm3 kg fuelÀ1) Gt total Gibbs free energy of system (J) G0i a property of pure ... and Ak are the numbers of atoms of k element in each molecule of species i and the total number of atoms of k element in the system, respectively, and x is the total number of elements comprising

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2016, 09:31

... fluidised bed gasifiers [24], fluidised bed gasifiers with steam as gasifying agent [25] or in fixed bed gasifiers [26] with reasonable speed and accuracy However, the prediction quality of trained ... gauge) Syngas temperature at the exit of the gasifier Syngas composition Temperature of inlet air Pressure in the reactor Z mairav ¼ Fig Scheme of co-current fixed bed biomass gasification facility ... modelling of biomass gasification in a co-current fixed bed gasifier Robert Mikulandric´ a,b,⇑, Dorith Böhning c, Rene Böhme c, Lieve Helsen d, Michael Beckmann c, Drazˇen Loncˇar a a Department of

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2016, 09:32

... and the true impacts of most chemicals and mixtures of chemicals are poorly understood From those points of view, the main purpose of this work is to investigate the toxicity of bottom ash arising ... live cells) of that well to that of the control well 2.6 Toxicity assessment of heavy metals on HepG2 cells In order to confirm the possible toxic effects of heavy metals, soluble salts of metals ... addition, the prob-ability of environmental pollution from leakage of bottom ash leachate also increases The main aim of this research is to investigate the toxicity of bottom ash, which is an

Ngày tải lên: 02/08/2016, 09:34

... Master Thesis of Direct Reduced Iron Production from EAF Slags in Fixed Bed Furnace Idil Bilen Jan, 2013 Supervisors: Prof Pär Jönsson Prof Onuralp Yücel Royal Institute of Technology, ... LIST OF FIGURES ix LIST OF GRAPHS x LIST OF TABLES xii ABSTRACT xiii 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 MOTIVATION OF THE STUDY 3 3 LITERATURE STUDY 4 3.1 Direct reduction of Iron oxide 4 3.2 Reactions of ... advantages of direct reduced iron usage as charge despite of scrap First of all, DRI offers a homogeneous chemical compound of the charge and low gangue elements which leads to make easier to control of

Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2018, 22:46

... SEPARATION FOR MODELING OF RUNOFF MECHANISMS OF ATMOSPHERICALLY DERIVED CHEMICAL AND RADIOACTIVE POLLUTANTS T Matsunaga*, N Yanase*, Y Hanzawa*, K Tsuduki* and H Naganawa* *Department of Environmental ... In a tributary watershed of the Kuji River of Japan, the hydrological components of runoff associated with a precipitation event were investigated using isotope tracers of hydrogen ( 2 H) and oxygen ... about spreading of atmospheric depositions of anthropogenic heavy metals at trace levels (NIES, 1991) While a number of related studies have been carried out, the process of inflow of contaminants

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08

... completeness of combustion and its equal to 6.908, m is a parameter characterizing the rate of combustion The small value of m means a high rate at the beginning of combustion, while a large value of m ... optimazation study for the reduction of Nox emissions of diesel engine working with soybean oil biofuel blendings using diesel-rk software’,27th national convention of chemical engineering, September ... JOURNAL OF ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT Volume 4, Issue 2, 2013 pp.231-242 Journal homepage: www.IJEE.IEEFoundation.org Theoretical modeling of combustion characteristics and performance parameters of biodiesel

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:11

... understanding of the 3-D state of nature of a (structured) scene consisting of a known class of objects and, ii) understanding the 3-D state of nature of an (unstructured) environment where the presence of ... related to the mechanical components of the system The coordination level is composed of a specific number of coordinators of a fixed structure, each performing a set of specific functions For an MRS, ... state of its workspace and adapt (if necessary) its course of action The on-line dynamic interaction of the system with its environment of operation may dictate modi- fications in the execution of

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 12:15

... 1Molecular modeling of the dimeric structure of human lipoprotein lipase and functional studies of the carboxyl-terminal domain Yoko Kobayashi, Toshiaki Nakajima and Ituro Inoue Division of Genetic ... the active site from the solvent After the homology modeling, addition of hydrogen, modification of bonds, potentials of forcefield, and fixation of heavy atom, backbone, and Ca, were performed for ... theDISCOVER_3 module ofINSIGHT IIwas used at a constant temperature of 298.0 K for 5000 steps of 1.0 fs time-step R E S U L T S Model structure of human LPL All model structures of dimeric human

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 15:20

... (ν) Distributions are presented by the number of observed mathematics scores. of zero) would have a probability of 0.31 of completing all five years of testing, deviation below the mean) would ... students droppinginto and out of the systems as students transfer among states, in and out of privateschools, or from foreign countries miss-As a result of the sources of missing data, incomplete ... transferred out of the education agency ofinterest and are not being taught by a teacher in the population of interest Again,this situation is somewhat unique to the setting of VAM and its implications

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 02:20

... active site of the enzymes and studied the effect of various combinations of metals at the active site The models showed the possibility of a Zn triad at the metal-binding positions of the active ... activation was only 60% of the degree of activation seen using jejunal extracts The metal-chelated sample of hPLAP was not activa-ted by the addition of exogenous Zn2+ alone The presence of Mg2+ was required ... joining the two AP monomers of AP together [32] In a vari-ety of human cancer cell lines and sera, the Kasahara AP isoform has been found to consist of heterodimers of hIAP and hPLAP [33,34],

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 17:20

... Examples of two types of possible align-ment links (striped) These types account for 96% of the possible alignment links in our data set alignment links A = {(i, j)} to an extraction set of bispans ... from the more efficient HMM 6 The number of configuration states does not depend on the size of A because corners have fixed size, and because the position of links within rows or columns is not ... analysis of word align-ments and their impact on MT In Proceedings of Trang 10the Annual Conference of the Association for Com-putational Linguistics. Necip Fazil Ayan, Bonnie J Dorr, and Christof

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... model the devel-opment of meaning of words as a function of in-creasing exposure to language, and ultimately - the degree to which the meaning of words at each stage of exposure resemble their ... traincorrespond-ing corpora of the two models have in common (recall that the adult corpus is a superset of each of the intermedi-ate corpora) The result of the Procrustes Align-ment of the two spaces ... meaning 6.3 Size of the Reference Corpus Another area of investigation is the repercus-sions of the choice of the corpus for the reference (adult) model The size (and content) of the corpus used

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 22:20

... partiallyoxidized and the signal of the reduced species increased as a result of oxidation Identification of the active isoform Because of disulfide scrambling HPLC-purified isoforms rapidlyre-equilibrate, ... allowing an association time of 300 s and a dissociation of 180 s under a constant flow rate of 20 lLÆmin)1at 25C The sensorgram profile of each run was subtracted bythe signal of the irrelevant peptide ... (C) Top view of the HNE epitope: clustering of hydrophilic/charged residues on solvent accessible surface of the epitope (D) Clustering of hydrophobic residues on the lower side of the epitope.

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 08:20

... Annals of Mathematics The space of embedded minimal surfaces of fixed genus in a 3-manifold I; Estimates off the axis for disks By Tobias H Colding and William P Minicozzi II Annals of Mathematics, ... own component of Π−1 (D3 c3 r0 (y)) \ (Γ1 ∪ Γ2 ) ¯ and Γ1 , Γ2 ⊂ {|x3 − x3 (y)| ≤ β c3 r0 } Proof This follows exactly as in the second step of the proof of Proposition I.0.16 Proof of Theorem I.0.8 ... endpoints of ∂ˆ Finally, as in the proof of Proposition I.0.16, we must have Γd ∩ γ = ∅ This contradiction ˆ completes the proof Many variations of Theorem I.0.8 hold with almost the same proof One of

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 22:20

... Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic 4 Department of Structure and Function of Proteins, Institute of Nanobiology and Structural Biology of GCRC, ... only about a third of that of the catalytic unit Enzymatic properties of the PoHex The Hex from both strains of P oxalicum (CCF 1959 and CCF 3438) displayed a broad pH optimum of 2–4, with a maximum ... struc-ture of the model after 2 ns of refinement: 0.4% of the turn structure was remodelled to b-sheets and the per-centage of a-helical elements increased by 0.5% The positions of the C-alpha atoms of

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 23:20

... result of the modeling after estimation of the unknown parameters The con-ditions of the described set of experimental data (namely the low concentration of ATP) prevent the reverse functioning of ... repeated once At the end of the A B Fig 5 Forward–reverse profile of ATP ⁄ ADP transport and effect of bioenergetic inhibition on DWm (A) Diagram of directionality of nucleotide transport in ... of added K+ approaches that of K+ that has leaked out from the mitochondria Predictions of the kinetic model of phosphorylation in mitochondria: matrix ATP and ADP values and the dependence of

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 00:20

... non-additive increment of its catalytic efficiency of 9.2 times for the phosphorylation of the adenine nucleo-tide These observations with the double mutant indicated the existence of a cooperative ... sequences analyzed The analysis of the predicted structure suggested that the presence of the shorter lateral chain of Val311 instead of Leu allows for the movement of Tyr239 and Glu309 towards ... group at carbon 2 of the guanine ring may interact with the side chain of Glu309, whereas the carbonyl group at position 6 of the guanine ring may interact with the hydroxyl group of the Tyr239 side

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 01:20