mobile 3d graphics soc from algorithm to chip download

... debugger linked to our cycle-accurate simulation and FPGA emulation tool After verifying each hardware module, the entire SoC is simulated in order to analyze the performance and/or to find inter-modules ... Proces-sor (ASIP) ASIPs employ custom instruction-sets to accelerate some applications There are several commercial ASIPs, such as Xtensa [7] from Tensilica and Mep [8] from Toshiba Their base-processor ... verification tool, which is tightly linked to the behavioral synthesizer With the behavioral synthesis information the formal verification tools can handle larger circuits than usual RTL tools and

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 14:20

... and based on atomic transactions, the best-known tool for specifying complex concurrent behavior, which is so prevalent in SoCs BSV’s atomic transactions encompass communication protocols across ... SoC design is a direct reflection of this heterogeneous concurrency Tools for high-level synthesis (HLS) attempt to address this complexity by automating the creation of concurrent hardware from ... mappings of atomic transactions into clocked synchronous hardware Trang 5132 R.S Nikhil• An industrial-strength synthesis tool that implements this mapping, that is, automatically transforms atomic

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 14:20

... cores will need new ESL design tools in order to raise the specification abstraction level up to the “algorithmic one” Algorithmic descriptions enable an IC designer to focus on functionality and ... proceeds, since everything is synthesizable to RTL from the beginning, one may also periodically run RTL-to-netlist synthesis and power esti-mation tools to get an early indication of whether one ... faster than the best RTL simulators This is because the simulator is capable of exploiting the semantic model of BSV, where atomic transactions are mapped into clocks, to produce significant optimizations

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 14:20

... model) This fully automated step, based on commercial logic synthesis tools like ISE from Xilinx and Quartus from Altera, produces a library of time characterized operators to be used during the ... an available operator with a candidate operation has to respond to the minimization of interconnections (steering logic) between operators and to the minimization of the operator’s size Given ... have to be sized according to the operations which have been assigned on In order to get correct computing results, the width of the operator inputs/outputs have to be greater or equal to the

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 14:20

... dispatching from operators to storage elements, and from storage elements to operators Timing adaptation (data-rates, different input/output data scheduling) is realized by the storage elements ... [τminv0,τmaxv0] Storage element optimization: The goal of this final task is to maximize stor-age resource usstor-age, in order to optimize the resulting architecture by minimizing the number of storage ... avoid bank conflicts The Data Transfer and Storage Exploration (DTSE) method from IMEC and the associ-ated tools (ATOMIUM, ADOPT) are also a good mean to determine a convenient data mapping [15]

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 14:20

... value associated to the outgoing arc, it corresponds to the propagation time from the clock to the MIR output bits associated to the COP A SOP vertex has two values associated to each incoming ... y;”, the C standard indicates to promote x on 32 bit and set the shift value to y%32 prior to shift, so x is set to 0, while using a 8 bit shifter would lead to set x to 16 One can work around this ... and hold times from the input relative to the clock and the propagation time from the clock to the output from the corresponding physical cell These values are delays extracted from the physical

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 14:20

... opposed to the vast majority of HLS tools for which frequency is a constraint given to the data-path synthesis tools More often, data-path synthesis tools enter into procrastination algorithms to ... different values, the value of the COP is set to unknown FGS Scheduling with an Historic The scheduling of a basic block using an his-toric is similar to the algorithm presented in Sect 10.5.2 When ... basic blocks (new and old historics are different) with the worst-historic, suppressing it from G and then restarting the loop The pseudo-topological-sort used in the algorithm labels the nodes

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 14:20

... factor’ k > 1, in order to accommodate for values of the signal that did not occur during the simulation, but may occur in practice leading to overflow. More complex forms of the safety-factor ... and scaling parameters from the inputs of each atomic operation to its outputs. Table 11.2 summarizes the word-length and scaling propagation rules for the different atomic operations. The superscript ... truncation of a signal j from (n j , p j ) to (n q j , p j ) in the graph injects a noise in the system according to (11.10). The appli- cation of this model is straight forward apart from the case of

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 14:20

... Trang 511 Synthesis of DSP Algorithms from Infinite Precision Specifications 213 cases, the described algorithm leads to designs that use less area than the reference algorithm, for the same error ... method-ology produces designs with up to 50 dB improvement in the signal to noise ratio requiring the same area in the device with designs that are derived from the reference algorithm Moreover, Test filter ... can be applied to LTI systems as well as to non-linear systems Examples of these systems vary from finite impulse response (FIR) filters and infinite impulse response (IIR) filters to polyphase

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 14:20

... parallelizing compilers andHLStools Trang 10There is an important trend in commercial high-level synthesis tools to perform hardware synthesis from C programs: CatapultC (Mentor Graphics), Pico (Syn-fora) ... is inherited from the theory of systolic arrays where data which are re-used in a calculation should be read only once from memory, thus saving input–outputs MMAlpha performs automatically many ... order to propagate the query valueQSfrom proces-sor to procesproces-sor A careful examination of its declaration and its definition reveals that this variable is present only in processors 1 toXand

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 14:20

... Partitioning and Mapping Algorithms into Fixed Size Systolic Arrays IEEE Transactons on Computers, 35(1):1–12, 1986. 26 A Mozipo, D Massicotte, P Quinton, and T Risset Automatic Synthesis of a ... Pro-cessors, page 113, Washington, DC, USA, 2000 IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC. 31 O Sentieys, J P Diguet, and J L Philippe GAUT: A High Level Synthesis Tool Dedicated to Real Time Signal Processing ... Automation and Test in Europe, page 10340, Washington, DC, USA, 2004 IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC. 33 A Turjan, B Kienhuis, and E F Deprettere Translating Affine Nested-Loop Programs to

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 14:20

... example, set m to be proportional to the average branching factor of the DFG under study and N to be proportional to the total oper-ation number However, it is found that there seems to exist a fixed ... aim to: – Provide real-life testing cases from real-life applications – Provide more up-to-date testing cases from modern applications – Provide challenging samples for instruction scheduling algorithms ... provides drastically worse results for deadlines ranging from 25 to 30 though it is able to reach decent scheduling qual-ities for deadline from 19 to 24 The same problem occurs for deadlines between

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 14:20

... has been done to cleverly use heuristic approaches to address these problems Actu-ally, one major motivation of the popularly used Force Directed Scheduling (FDS) algorithm [34] was to address ... assignments with the same cost, the FDS algorithm cannot accurately estimate the best choice Moreover, FDS does not take into account future assignments of operators to the same control step Consequently, ... operations The goal is to find the a Pareto optimal tradeoff amongst the design implementations with regard to timing and resource costs Our basic method can be extended to handle clock selection

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 14:20

... cycle, and it has to be stored only until that cycle The storage requirements are quite smaller than when the entire operation is executed at a later cycle, because this implies to save the complete ... available in sev-eral cycles, but it only needs to be stored until the last cycle it is used as input operand The storage requirements are reduced compared to the execution of the entire operation at ... waste, and can be used to reduce the area of circuits with some HW waste in all the cycles 14.3 Applications to Scheduling Algorithms The scheduling techniques proposed to reduce the HW waste

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 14:20

... initialized to point to vertex A. Each vertex sent between a Begin/End pair toggles the pointer. Therefore, the first vertex is stored as vertex A, the second stored as vertex B, the third stored as ... way to bypass the vertex processing portion of the pipeline to send a block of fragments directly to the individual fragment operations, eventually causing a block of pixels to be written to the ... within a buffer to a datum comprising N basic machine units be a multiple of N. If the GL is unable to create a data store of the requested size, the error OUT OF MEMORY is generated. To modify some...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 11:23

... ideas from previous APIs such as Java 3D and OpenInventor. It consists of nodes that encapsulate 3D graphics elements. The nodes can be connected to form a scene graph representing the graphics ... penalty compared to native applications. A standardized high-level API, on the SECTION 1.3 MOBILE GRAPHICS STANDARDS 23 Oklahoma Figure 1.13: The use of vector graphics makes it possible to create ... Related Standards 21 PART I ANATOMY OF A GRAPHICS ENGINE CHAPTER 2. LINEAR ALGEBRA FOR 3D GRAPHICS 27 2.1 Coordinate Systems 27 2.1.1 Vectors and Points 29 2.1.2 Vector Products 29 2.1.3 Homogeneous...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 15:49

... During the whole duration three other static flows (Flow F1 from N1toN2, Flow F2 from N3toN5, and Flow F3 from N4toN5) com- pete with the mobile flow. All static flows follow a path of three hops. ... Upon arrival from the routing layer, all packets are classified according to their source IP addresses and placed into the corresponding queue. The scheduler from the interface queue to the MAC ... associations generate or consume in- side the L-region. We refer this term as to conserved load (C- load) and normalize the boundary C-load to one. We define C-load share (φ) to be an analog to...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20