microsimulation and gis for spatial decision making

... Glasgow, ScotlandGIS for Environmental Decision-Making Edited by Andrew Lovett and Katy Appleton GIS and Evidence-Based Policy Making Edited by Stephen Wise and Max Craglia Dynamic and Mobile GIS: Investigating ... : 2004 : Norwich, England) GIS for environmental decision‑making / editors, Andrew Lovett and Katy Appleton. p cm ‑‑ (Innovation in GIS) Papers from the GIS Research UK (GISRUK) 12th Annual Conference ... Environmental Decision-Making: From Sites to Strategies and Back Again R MacFarlane and H Dunsford Trang 7Table of contents vii 7 GIS and Predictive Modelling: A Comparison of Methods for Forest

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... Good models simplify reality  Finding real patterns helps us to understand data, plan for the future, and make better decisions of 18 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc 1.2 Previews Predicting ... Linear Pattern and Region of Uncertainty 11 of 18 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc 1.2 Previews Conclusions  Extrapolating the pattern (line) into the future provides a forecast for October ... forecast for October  Actual employment for October is less than expected and below the anticipated range  This surprising result breaks from the pattern and deserves attention (the Katrina effect?)

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 15:59

... Categorical and Numerical Data Categorical Data  Type of purchase made and Brand of bike are examples Trang 82.2 Categorical and Numerical Data Numerical Data  Size of bike (cm) and Amount ... with rows and columns attributes or variables form the columns Trang 42.1 Data TablesDisorganized Data Trang 52.1 Data TablesSame Data in a Data Table Trang 62.1 Data Tables formatting and units ... age (in years), sex, and income Trang 234M Example 2.2: CUSTOMER FOCUSMessage Determine who likes the design (younger or more affluent members of the focus group, for example) and choose advertising

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... At DataTrang 63.2 Charts of Categorical DataBar Charts and Pie Charts  Unless you need to know exact counts, charts are better than tables for summarizing more than five categories  The two most ... OVERMessage Ford Broncos were involved in more than twice as many roll-over accidents as the next-closest model Trang 204M Example 3.2: CHIP SALESMotivation Infineon pled guilty to price fixing for ... of the market for chips during this period? Trang 214M Example 3.2: CHIP SALESMethod Trang 224M Example 3.2: CHIP SALESMechanics Trang 234M Example 3.2: CHIP SALESTrang 243.4 Mode and MedianMode

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... variation in song sizes and the shape of its distribution, we can say that most collections of 500 songs will fit! Trang 39Best Practiceshistograms and summaries such as the mean and standard deviation ... intervals  Similar to bar charts but designed for continuous quantitative data (bar charts are only appropriate for discrete categories) Trang 234.2 Histograms and the Distribution of Numerical Data ... VariablesSummary Statistics for Song Sizes Trang 184M Example 4.1: MAKING M&M’sMotivation How many M&M’s are needed to fill a bag labeled to weigh 1.6 ounces? Trang 194M Example 4.1: MAKING M&M’sMethod

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... on the value of another (for every combination of both variables) Trang 55.1 Contingency TablesContingency Table for Web Shopping Trang 65.1 Contingency TablesMarginal and Conditional Distributions ... Reveals the percentage of purchases among visitors from RecipeSource to be much less than for MSN and Yahoo • Host and Purchase are associated Trang 95.1 Contingency TablesSegmented Bar Charts • Used ... The data suggest that higher premiums for theft insurance should be charged for models that are more likely to be stolen. Trang 205.2 Lurking Variables and Simpson’s Paradox Association Not

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... association between sales at the retail outlets and distance to nearest competitor? For 55 stores in the chain, data are gathered for total sales in the prior year and distance in miles from the nearest ... Summarizing Association with a Line Lines and Prediction  Use the correlation line to customize an ad for estimated savings from insulation based on climate  For a home in a cold climate (HDD = 8,800), ... measurement and is therefore difficult to interpret of 30 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc 6.3 Measuring Association Correlation (r) cov( x, y ) corr( x, y ) = S x Sy    Standardized

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... 127.2 Rules for ProbabilityRule 3: Addition Rule for Disjoint Events If A and B are disjoint events, then P (A or B) = P(A) + P(B). Trang 137.2 Rules for ProbabilityRule 3: Addition Rule for Disjoint ... Trang 167.2 Rules for ProbabilityRule 5: General Addition Rule  The intersection of A and B contains the outcomes in both A and B  Denoted as A ∩ B read “A and B” Trang 177.2 Rules for ProbabilityRule ... etc. Trang 87.2 Rules for ProbabilityTrang 97.2 Rules for ProbabilityRule 1: Since S is the set of all possible outcomes, P(S) = 1 Trang 107.2 Rules for ProbabilityRule 2: For any event A, 0 ≤

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:00

... of probability distribution for a random variable Trang 119.2 Properties of Random VariablesParameters  Characteristics of a random variable, such as its mean or standard deviation  Denoted ... ValuesRules for Expected Values (a and b are constants)  E(a + bX) = a + bE(X)  SD(a + b X) = |b|SD(X)  Var(a + bX) = b 2 Var(X) Trang 299.4 Comparing Random Variables May require transforming random ... 33 Trang 49.1 Random VariablesDefinition of a Random Variable  Describes the uncertain outcomes of a random process  Denoted by X  Defined by listing all possible outcomes and their associated

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... to understand portfolios  Since stocks tend to rise and fall together, random variables for these events must capture dependence Trang 410.1 Portfolios and Random VariablesTwo Random Variables ... IBM and Microsoft, at $100 per share  X denotes the change in value of IBM Trang 510.1 Portfolios and Random VariablesProbability Distribution for the Two Stocks Trang 610.1 Portfolios and Random ... Random VariablesTrang 3410.5 IID Random VariablesAddition Rule for iid Random Variables If n random variables (X 1 , X 2 , …, X n) are iid with mean µ x and standard deviation σ x, E(X 1 + X

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:00

...  Need a discrete random variable to model counts and provide a method for finding Trang 411.1 Random Variables for CountsBernoulli Random Variable Bernoulli trials are random events with three ... probability of success (p) Trang 511.1 Random Variables for CountsBernoulli Random Variable - Definition A random variable B with two possible values, 1 = success and 0 = failure, as determined in ... E(B) = p Var(B) = p(1-p) Trang 611.1 Random Variables for CountsCounting Successes (Binomial)  Y, the sum of iid Bernoulli random variables, is a binomial random variable  Y = number of success

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:00

... Normal Random Variable Definition A continuous random variable whose probability distribution defines a standard bell-shaped curve of 45 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc 12.1 Normal Random ... (Continued)  Estimate normal probabilities using a sketch and the Empirical Rule  Be careful not to confuse the notation for the standard deviation and variance 44 of 45 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, ... insurance?  Insurance costs call for a random variable that can represent a continuum of values (not counts) of 45 Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc 12.1 Normal Random Variable Percentage Change

Ngày tải lên: 10/01/2018, 16:00

... Group, LLC 94 GIS for environmental decision- making 5.4.1 The Role of Information in Decision- Making The use of GI and GIS as analytical and communicative tools is problematic Checkland and Holwell, ... CHAPTER GIS and Environmental Decision- Making: From Sites to Strategies and Back Again R MacFarlane and H Dunsford 5.1 INTRODUCTION Spatial policy and planning are fundamentally ... emergence of the grandly titled ‘participatory geographic information science’ ‘This surge of interest in collaborative spatial decision- making in particular, and participatory decision- making more...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 05:21

... Groundwater management and protection in England and Wales - a backwards and forwards glance, in Protecting Groundwater: Applying Policies and Decision Making Tools to LandUse Planning Environment ... 112 GIS for environmental decision- making The close correspondence between the spline and hand-contoured surfaces in the southwestern peninsula (Figure 6.8a) is likely to be coincidental, and ... © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 104 GIS for environmental decision- making east, and five further sandstone boreholes located beyond the northern and southern extremities of the study area...

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... such as linear and logistic regression, is that they are easy and quick to compute, and their integration with a GIS is straightforward As an example of such a model we used logistic multiple ... important limitations For instance, ecologists frequently assume a © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 122 GIS for environmental decision- making response function which is unimodal and symmetric, ... LLC 124 GIS for environmental decision- making As in the CART analysis, we transformed the MARS text report files into AML and then generated the suitability models using the ArcInfo GIS 7.5.2...

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... Group, LLC 154 GIS for environmental decision- making decided to use this information to classify the stakeholders into subgroups and then derive overall criteria weights and tradeoffs for each of ... 17 Hirsch, P., Forests, forest reserves, and forest land in Thailand, Geographical Journal, 156, 166-174, 1990 18 Pragtong, K and Thomas, D., Evolving management system in Thailand, in Poffenberger, ... geographical information systems and multiple criteria decision- making methods, International Journal of Geographical Information Systems, 9, 251-273, 1995 24 25 Malczewski, J., GIS and Multicriteria Decision...

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... Group, LLC 168 GIS for environmental decision- making sensed data and/ or functions and perspectives may be found in a diverse range of subject areas connected with environmental decision- making, such ... outcome, both for researchers and governments? Visualization for control, monitoring and decision- making • Interactive, multi-site visualizations to allow discussions of emerging phenomena and to support ... Francis Group, LLC 170 GIS for environmental decision- making collaborative analysis and spatial visualization11 is also opening up as a dynamic research area 10.2 PROGRESS AND CHALLENGES The challenges...

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... understand these distributions) The question for spatial analysts was (and remains): how can we put our tools and skills to work to improve decision- making and public confidence in decisions? For ... around for many years and spatial scientists have been arguing that there are better ways of making decisions which will be more transparent and hopefully fairer and more sustainable As spatial ... upfront analysis and communication of spatial and temporal aspects of the consequences of actions and, in particular, cost and benefit estimation1 In order for people to accept a decision, there...

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... Handicap and Society, 7, 101-114, 1992 14 Armstrong, M.P., Densham, P.J., and Kemp, K.K., Collaborative spatial decision making: scientific report for the specialist meeting, National Center for ... Taylor and Francis, London, 2002, 3-16 © 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 226 20 GIS for environmental decision- making Haklay, M.E and Harrison, C.M., The potential for public participation GIS ... 212 GIS for environmental decision- making The answer to this first question is clearly ongoing, with a requirement for structural and internal changes to UK campuses In the meantime, can information...

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... representations of landscape realities and as tools for landscape planning, Landscape and Urban Planning, 54, 139-148, 2001 28 Appleton, K and Lovett, A., GIS- based visualisation of rural landscapes: ... Survey, Land-form PROFILE®, http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/products/ landformprofile/, 2005 16 Discoe, B., Data sources for three-dimensional models, in Visualization in Landscape and Environmental ... 11 Piekarski, W and Thomas, B.H., Future use of augmented reality for environmental and landscape planners, in Visualization in Landscape and Environmental Planning, Bishop, I and Lange, E Eds.,...

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