micro and macro level considerations

... are compared, and main issues and misconceptions in the understanding of these methods are compressively reviewed and discussed The indentation hardness methods at macro-, micro-, and nanoscale ... inden-tation size effects at micro- and nanoscale, and the effect of the substrate when calculating thin films hardness The paper improves the understanding of what hardness means and what hardness measurements ... materials, indentation size effects at micro- and nanoscale, and the effect of the substrate when calculating thin films hardness 2 Macroindentation Tests Macroindentation tests are characterized

Ngày tải lên: 04/12/2022, 14:55

... hills and valleys often called surface asperities of different lateral and vertical sizes, and are distributed randomly on the surface as shown in the surface profiles in Figure 4.4b. The randomness ... scales, thus forming a link between nanometer-scale phenomena and macro- scopically observable friction and wear. The key is in the size and spatial distributions, which depend not only on the roughness ... wear, · V , and to establish the conditions when catastrophic failure may occur due to wear. Despite the common experiences of friction and wear and the knowledge of its existence for thousands of

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 09:15

... Island, SC, 2–6 June 1996 17 M.-H Kiang, O Solgaard, R.S Muller, and K.Y Lau, “High-Precision Silicon Micromachined Micromirrors for Laser-Beam Scanning and Positioning,” 1996 Sensor and ... batch processing and self-assembly that underlie modern microelectronics for the development of systems composed of micromechanical as well as microelectronic components to make microelectromechanical ... of the micromachining process, and (2) adherence of two mechanical microparts that approach or touch one another when the microsystem is in operation. MEMS engineers employing surface micromachining

Ngày tải lên: 27/01/2014, 14:20

... Developer, Code, and Macros to display the dialog box step 2 Select the name of the macro, and click Run step 3 You also can use the Macro dialog box to view and edit macros, as you’ll... ... to the macro The default is Macro1 or you can enter your own... the Macro Open Excel, and go to Tools – Macro – Macros Select the newly entered Macro and click the Options button ... about Pivot Tables and create them. Learn about Pivot Charts and create them. Record a Macro Go behind the scenes of a Macro Write a Macro. Academic Technology and Creative Services

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 13:20

... Disposal of Used Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste INTRODUCTION AND SUMMARY The Strategy for the Management and Disposal of Used Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste is a ... and power   Strategy for the Management and Disposal of Used Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste generators pay the full cost of the disposal of their used nuclear fuel and high-level ... existing standards and regulations for the transportation of used nuclear fuel and high-level radioactive waste administered by DOE, NRC, the U.S Department of Transportation, and state, local, and

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 21:20

... Association for Computational Linguistics Sentence and Expression Level Annotation of Opinions in User-Generated Discourse Cigdem Toprak and Niklas Jakob and Iryna Gurevych Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing ... Zhuang et al., 2006; Cheng and Xu, 2008) and opinion holders (Kim and Hovy, 2006; Choi et al., 2005). Data-driven approaches for extracting opinion expressions, their holders and targets require re- liably ... expression level. In previous research, expression level annotation of opinions was extensively investigated on newspa- per articles (Wiebe et al., 2005; Wilson and Wiebe, 2005; Wilson, 2008b) and on

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 23:20

... A*, A, B, C, D and E To be awarded an A*, candidates will need to achieve a grade A on the full A Level qualification and an A* on the aggregate of the A2 units For AS and A Level, candidates who ... of the candidates’ results The teacher should be sufficiently aware of the candidate’s standard and level of work to appreciate if the coursework submitted is beyond the talents of the candidate ... Levels often require assessment of a broader range of competences This is because they are general qualifications and, as such, prepare candidates for a wide range of occupations and higher level

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 07:20

... preparation and operando investigation of the two polymorphic forms of the M nanosized - In2O3 brought novel and interesting results:... complications in the understanding and modelling ... Effect and electrical measurements. They are provided with platinum electrodes on the layer side and with a platinum heating meander on the opposite one. The description of the sample geometry and ... adsorption and reaction in the pipe lines and measuring chambers, which would randomly modify the test mixture composition, was prevented by using adequate materials as perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) and polytetrafluoroethylene

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 16:47

... of all metabolite levels related to GAPDH and aldolase and (b) the absence of the reduction of Km of GAP for GAPDH and aldolase should cause an elevation of all metabolite levels related to these ... T-046071 and T-067963 to J Ovadi, T-049247 ´ to F.O., and PD 76793 to J Ovadi; FP6-2003-LIFESCIHEALTH-I: BioSim and NKFP-MediChem2 ⁄ A ⁄ ´ 005 ⁄ 2004 to J Olah; and by RET-NORT 08 ⁄ 2004 and ETT ... increased in parallel, but to much lower levels, whereas the intermediates DHAP and GAP, higher up in the glycolytic chain, increased within 30 to a steady and low level of approximately 18 lm Under

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:20

... Measuring and monitoring blood pressure; • Educating patients and their families on the importance of lifestyle changes and on adherence to their medica- tion regimens and recommended treatments, and ... consist of not only education and disease and case management (for heart disease and stroke, diabetes, prenatal care, immunizations, breast and cervical cancer, diabetes, and asthma) but also the ... strategies for training CHWs and their supervisors, and they can work on a plan for related research and evaluation. 55 • Develop templates for memoranda of understanding on the engagement of

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 21:20

... Effects of salicylate and lanthanides on outer hair cell motility and associated gating charge J Neurosci 16, 48814889... substrate, and a grid of adhesive ECM islands and lines limits cell ... with a fixed 50 µm separation and variable line widths and circle diameters were measured 3 times and averaged from images obtained using a light microscope and Scion Image (Frederick, ... (5 cells each) for streptomycin and gentamicin at the concentration of 100 µM Streptomycin and gentamicin did not change... was ruptured, and at 30 and 200 seconds after the cell was

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 14:19

... West North and South Holland, Utrecht, Zeeland 2) Noord-Holland and Flevoland 3) IJsselmeer Flevoland, Utrecht and the cities Kampen, Zwolle, Giethoorn 3) North and East Wadden Islands, Groningen, ... time’ and ‘other place’ can be found in tourist representations of, for example, Scotland, Ireland and the Netherlands Scotland thus becomes a remote place of tartan and kilts, of misty landscapes ... Tourism Industry – Micro and Macro Perspectives, Edited by Murat Kasimoğlu and Handan Aydin p cm ISBN 978-953-51-0566-4 Contents Preface IX Section Tourism Industry – Micro and Macro Topics for...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 07:20

... very convenient and brings the consumers to the brand quickly 1.3 Brand development strategies Dove is an outstanding case study in applying the Brand Extension strategy to expand their impact ... are cleaning hair and providing nutrition to different hair problems such as dandruff, damage hair and hair fall b) Actual products Brand Dove has started since 1957 in the US, and now, it is one ... Plan will provide the broad overview about Unilever Group and Dove The Micro and Macro environment sections will analyze the internal and external effects that make impact on the development of...

Ngày tải lên: 26/03/2015, 17:59

... MUX/MUY is ten and the PX/PY is eight, so the consumer should buy A less X and less Y B less X and more Y C more X and more Y D mores X and less Y Jane has £500 a week to spend on food and clothing ... of demand A a positive relationship between quantity demanded and price B as the price rises, demand will shift to the left C there is a negative relationship between quantity demanded and price ... analysis and derive the demand curve 1 What are various sources of monopoly power? Explain the characteristics of Monopolistic Competition and price and output determination both in the short run and...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2016, 20:30

... MUX/MUY is ten and the PX/PY is eight, so the consumer should buy A less X and less Y B less X and more Y C more X and more Y D mores X and less Y Jane has £500 a week to spend on food and clothing ... of demand A a positive relationship between quantity demanded and price B as the price rises, demand will shift to the left C there is a negative relationship between quantity demanded and price ... analysis and derive the demand curve 1 What are various sources of monopoly power? Explain the characteristics of Monopolistic Competition and price and output determination both in the short run and...

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2016, 20:32

... Ruan and Bhushan (1994a–c), Koinkar and Bhushan (1996a,b, 1997a,b), and Sundararajan and Bhushan (1998) Koinkar and Bhushan (1996a,b) and Poon and Bhushan (1995a,b) reported that rms roughness and ... normal and lateral directions 14.4.2 Microscale Friction and Adhesion Friction and adhesion of magnetic head sliders, magnetic media, virgin, treated and coated Si(111) wafers, and graphite on a microscale ... Surface Roughness 14.4 Friction and Adhesion Nanoscale Friction • Microscale Friction and Adhesion 14.5 Scratching and Wear Nanoscale Wear • Microscale Scratching • Microscale Wear 14.6 Indentation...

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2013, 09:15

... process and is routinely used to fabricate microstructures such as acceleration and pressure sensors and magnetic head sliders Surface micromachining is based on depositing and etching structural and ... microcutting or micromechanical machining (such as micromilling, microdrilling, microturning) or removal by energy beams (such as microspark erosion, focused ion beam, laser ablation, and machining, and ... presents a review of macro- and micro/ nanotribological studies of single-crystal silicon and polysilicon, oxidized and implanted silicon, doped and undoped polysilicon films and SiC films A summary...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2013, 12:15

... Advances in Acoustic Microscopy, Plenum, New York Burnham N A and Colton, R J (1993), “Force Microscopy,” in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy: Theory, Techniques and Applications (D ... medium (ε1 = ε2 and n1 = n2 ), A is positive (attractive), whereas if ε3 and n3 are intermediate to ε1, n1 and ε2, n2, A is negative (repulsive) If ε3 and n3 equal the permittivity and index of ... potential difference between the Fermi level and the vacuum level) of the two materials are not equal, when electrically connected the Fermi levels equilibrate, and the voltage difference is Φ1 –...

Ngày tải lên: 09/11/2013, 03:15

... diameters (Snook and van Megan, 1979, 1980, 1981; van Megan and Snook, 1979, 1981; Kjellander and Marcelja, 1985a,b; Tarazona and Vincente, 1985; Henderson and Lozada-Cassou, 1986; Evans and Parry, ... monolayers and bilayers (Israelachvili, 1987, 1991; Christenson, 1988a; Israelachvili and McGuiggan, 1988), and metal and metal oxide layers deposited on mica (Coakley and Tabor, 1978; Parker and Christenson, ... AFM (McClelland, 1989; McClelland and Cohen, 1990) In addition, molecular dynamics computer simulations (Schoen et al., 1989; Landman et al., 1990; Thompson and Robbins, 1990; Robbins and Thompson,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2013, 11:15