methods for structured natural language data

... Association for Computational Linguistics, pages 1573–1582, Uppsala, Sweden, 11-16 July 2010. c 2010 Association for Computational Linguistics Automated planning for situated natural language generation Konstantina ... en- try for “pushes” furthermore uses subj and obj for the subject and object argument, respectively. We combine here for simplicity the entries for “the” and “button” into “the button”. For generation, ... finding that it performs well even under the constraints of real- time generation. 1 Introduction The problem of situated natural language gen- eration (NLG)—i.e., of generating natural lan- guage

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... bronze bronze a Construct a frequency table for the data b Construct a relative frequency table for the data c Construct a frequency bar graph for the data MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the one alternative ... table for two years Compare the responses for the twoyears using side-by-side bar charts What inferences can be made from the charts? Trang 72.2 Graphical Methods for Describing Quantitative Data1 ... sample standard deviation of the data? Answer the question True or False. 23) The range is an insensitive measure of data variation for large data sets because two data sets can have thesame range

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2019, 15:37

... HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES - INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES SUGGESTING METHODS FOR EFFECTIVELY SECOND LANGUAGE VOCABULARY TEACHING TO ELEMENTARY ... rapidly, the needs for communication also increase As a result, it is vitally important to learn a foreign language and vocabulary learning is an essential part of the foreign language learning ... suggest some popular and effective methods for teaching vocabulary for elementary students In addition, this study also finds out some popular difficulties of foreign language teachers in the teaching

Ngày tải lên: 01/09/2023, 22:16

... (PPAP) natural products Hyperforin (1) was first isolated in 1971 from the species Hypericum perforatum, 5 and has drawn substantial attention, because it is thought to be responsible for the ... Synthesis of papuaforin B and related phloroglucinol natural productsAn understanding of the biological activities and effects of herbal supplements becomes essential for efficacy and safety ... developing chemotherapies for Alzheimer’s disease Papuaforin B (4) is extracted from Hypericum papuanum (Papua New Guinea) Its chemical structure is similar to hyperforin (1) with the additional

Ngày tải lên: 02/10/2024, 01:42

... media platform, and show that they are indeed helpful for im-proving the entity linking performance The code and data are available at https:// github.com/HKUST-KnowComp/ELWSMP 2 Yelp-EL Dataset ... Areas in Information Retrieval, pages 149–156. Jenny Rose Finkel, Trond Grenager, and Christopher Manning 2005 Incorporating non-local informa-tion into informainforma-tion extracinforma-tion ... entity linking performance of different methods on Yelp-EL Here, all three types of features described in Section 4 are fed into LinkYelp Within the compared methods, LinkYelp performs substantially

Ngày tải lên: 22/04/2024, 12:02

... Methods for Measuring Cancer Disparities: Using Data Relevant to Healthy People 2010 Cancer-Related Objectives Sam Harper John Lynch Center for Social Epidemiology and ... in their etiology and, therefore, their social distribution difficult to know how to interpret... focus on and efforts to promote population health data for major ethnic groups have ... essential context for understanding the Measures of Total Disparity A measure of “total disparity” in health is... breast cancers in 1975; by 1999, this disparity narrowed for colorectal cancer

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 01:20

... survival data for 1975-95, based on nearly 30,000 newly diagnosed cancers arising in children during this 21-year interval in the United States (US) Cancer mortality data collected for the entire ... also shown for the same time period National Cancer Institute The mortality data are for the same time period but cover all cancer deaths among children in the total United States Data based ... developing cancer by age 20, (i.e., a in 333 chance) [2] Sources of data The population-based data used in this monograph for incidence and survival are from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 01:20

... sampling, but before binary encoding. 5.1. Envisioned domain of applicability The proposed method is suitable for input data at the signal- level (nonbinary) form, which is typical of the raw data transmitted ... in [11], for privacy reasons, any sig- nals, including biometrics, generated from physiological data should not be retraceable to the original data. The reason is because the original data may ... adaptation in the first place. For instance, additional information needs to be transmitted for proper transceiver synchronization in the key construction. Further- more, some form of feedback is needed

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... alternatives to our methods are discussed. Methods Detection method A statistical test for finding th e frequencies of oscillating data is described. Using harmonic frequencies the data are modeled ... describes a method for the detection and simultaneous comparison of multip le nycthemeral rhythms. Methods: A statistical method for detecting periodic patterns in time-related data via harmonic ... cosine oscillations and a Fourier transform is performed. In our case the Fourier transform equals an ordinary least squares. All frequencies are tested for significance. The ratio of explained

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 09:20

... Trang 3Statistical Methods for Survival Data AnalysisTrang 5Statistical Methods for Survival Data AnalysisCollege of Public Health University of Oklahoma ... edition of Statisti-cal Methods for Survival Data Analysis is intended to provide a comprehensive introduction of the most commonly used methods for analyzing survival data It begins with basic ... electronic formats Some content that appears in print, however, may not be available in electronic format. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data: Lee, Elisa T. Statistical methods for survival

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 05:20

... needed; missing data are a problem. In this example, complete data are available on most of the patients. This may not always be the case. Although there are methods of coping with missing data (discussed ... extremely important for investigators to make every effort to obtain complete data on every subject. Bibliographical Remarks It is impossible to cite all the published examples of survival data analysis ... of data below are taken from actual research situations. Although the data can be used for various analyses throughout the book, the reader is asked here only to describe in detail how the data

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 05:20

... is equal to e(tH) for tHt>G.Thus wG for censored observations t > G equals 9e(tH), where tHt>G.For example, wG for 16> is 9e(15), or 90.100, and that for 18> is 9e(18), ... (1964) suggests using the scores tL, , tNL as before for the failures and tN>L for all censored observations.The mean score, for example, for the first group is t where t group is calculated ... column, and TREAT the third column), and the data in each row are for thesame patient.The following SAS code can be used to perform the logrank test.data w1; infile ‘c: d5d1.dat’ missover; input

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 05:20

... solving for t , that is, N N t : 9log p/  For example, the median (50th percentile) survival time can be N estimated by t : 9log 0.5/  : 6.539 weeks   Estimation of for Data with... ... code for program 2L is /input /print /variable /form /regress /end file : ‘c:!example.dat’ variables : 2 format : free level : brief cova survival names : t,... confidence interval for computed ... .790) When data are progressively censored, Gehan (1970) derives an estimate for G and a modified MLE for the hazard rate Suppose that r out of the n individuals in the study die before the

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 05:20

... representation of the data that is easy to grasp. This is useful not only for oneself but also in presenting data to others, since a plot allows one to assess conclusions drawn from the data by graphical ... vertically down to the data scale to read the estimate of the median. For the WBC data, an estimate of the population median is 65,000. The median is a representative of nominal value for the population ... the data scale where the estimate is read. For example, an estimate for the 25th percentile is 40,000.   201 Figure 8.3 Sample cumulative distribution curve of the WBC data.

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 05:20

... critical if 1% of data for one independent variable is missing than if 40% of data for several independent variables is missing When a substantial proportion of subjects has missing data for a variable, ... gamma model on lung cancer data set wb; model : ‘Weibull’; data wc; set wc; model : ‘LNnormal’; data wd; set wd; model : ‘Gamma’; data we; set we; model : ‘LLogistic’; data w2; set wa wb wc wd ... be used for a missing value This principle can also be applied to nominal data It does not mean that the mean is a good estimate for the missing value, but it does provide convenience for analysis

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 05:20

... the variable For example, for BMI, exp (0.0255) : 1.026; that is, for every unit increase in BMI, the risk for CVD increases 2.6% To compare hazards among different... the data set ‘‘C:!EX12d2d1.DAT’’ ... data Example 12 .7 For the same model as... developing CVD in 10 years The 95% confidence interval for the relative risk is (1.335, 3.153), which is calculated according to (7. 1.8) For ... adjusting for age, gender, and current smoking status. The SAS procedure PHREG is used with Breslow’s approximation for ties (default procedure) and three variable selection methods (forward,

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 05:21

... higher) for a 1-unit increase in LINSUL from the model for IFG versus NFG. SBP is not significant in the model for IFG versus NFG (p : 0.2346). Neither SBP nor LINSUL is significant in the model for ... 9, 11, and 12 to perform additional statistical inferences. For instance, we can test whether the coefficients for SBP in the first two models are equal (whether the odds ratio for a 1-unit increase ... [exp(0.026)] times (or 3% higher) for a 1-unit increase in SBP, and 2.85 [exp(1.047)] times (or 185% higher) for a 1-unit increase in LINSUL from the model for DM vs. NFG. The odds ratio is 2.40

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 05:21

... are known Therefore, we suggest usingnonparametric methods to analyze survival data before attempting to fit atheoretical distribution If the main objective is to find a model for the data,estimates ... 4Nonparametric Methods of Estimating Survival Functions In this chapter we discuss methods of estimating the three survivalship, density, and hazard) functions for censored data Unfortunately, ... sets of data below are taken from actual research situations Althoughthe data can be used for various analyses throughout the book, the reader isasked here only to describe in detail how the data

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:22

... exponential distribution is more ate for the data (Zelen, 1966), the density and survivorship functions aredefined, respectively, as Trang 26Estimation of
and G for Data without Censored ObservationsIf ... 102 strips tested had to be discarded for an extraneous reason,yielding 101 observations The lifetime data are given in Table 6.4 in ascendingorder From the data the two parameters of the gamma ... infection is therefore interval censored The investigators tried to fit severaldistributions to the interval-censored data, including the Weibull and log-logistic by maximum likelihood methods (discussed

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:22

... distribution For a censored observation t > G , the modified residual r > G is defined as Trang 15Figure 8.13 Cox—Snell residual plot for the fitted lognormal model on the tumor-freetime data for rats ... zero intercept Therefore, a Trang 16Table 8.4 Kaplan Meier Estimate of SurvivorshipFunction for the Cox Snell Residuals from the Fitted Lognormal Model on Tumor-Free Time Data for Rats Fed with ... graphical methods for checking if a parametricdistribution fits the observed data Parametric distributions can be groupedinto families First, any given distribution with different parameter values forms

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:22