maximum entropy model for nôm ocr

... 'sis model Conclusion In this paper, we propose a statistical dialogue analysis model which can perform both speech act analysis and discourse structure analysis using maximum entropy model The model ... Using the Maximum Entropy Modeling Toolkit (Ristad 1996), we estimated the model parameter ~ corresponding to each feature functionf in equation (13) We made experiments with two models for each ... and discourse structure analysis models are integrated The integrated model uses ModeMI for each analysis model because it showed better performance In this model, after the system determing...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 07:20

... Japanese words, and we prepared 1,375 feature functions for model and 2,744 for model (56 part-of-speech for English and 49 part-of-speech for Japanese) We tried to learn the translation rules ... selection algorithm Notice that the log-likelihood for the model 1+2 is always higher than the model Thus, the model + is more'effective than the model for learning the translation rules However, the ... to equation (11) 3.4 M a x i m u m Entropy M o d e l Learning of the Translation Rules The art of modeling with the maximum entropy method is to define an informative set of computationally feasible...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... 2 Maximum Entropy models for extracting relations We built Maximum Entropy models for predicting the type of relation (if any) between every pair of mentions within each sentence We only model ... -citizen-Of- We thus model the extraction as a classification problem with 49 classes, two for each relation subtype and a “NONE” class for the case where the two mentions are not related For each pair ... extraction, we measure the performance of relation extraction models on “true” mentions with “true” chaining (i.e as annotated by LDC annotators) We also measured performance of models run on the deficient...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 03:20

... Architecture of the maximum entropy model approach H CD >1 H It H U CD '0 p al ta g tn- A 14 Maximum Entropy Models As alternative to the source-channel approach, we can directly model the posterior ... prior for smoothing maximum entropy models Technical Report CMUCS-99-108, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA J N Darroch and D Ratcliff 1972 Generalized iterative scaling for log-linear models ... Effect of alignment templates on different error rates for the TABA corpus (Model 5* uses a given alignment in training) Alignment Model SER Model Model 5* 4.2 3.9 1%1 CER C-AER 4.3 3.9 4.3 3.3 Table...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 20:20

... target b2 Maximum Entropy Based Reordering Model b1 c1 source In this section, we discuss how to create a maximum entropy based reordering model As described above, we defined the reordering model ... k-best list is very important for the minimum error rate training (Och, 2003a) which is used for tuning the weights λ for our model We use a very lazy algorithm for the k-best list generation, ... flexible It makes our model reorder any blocks, observed in training or not The whole maximum entropy based reordering model is embedded inside a log-linear phrase-based model of translation Following...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 02:21

... July Eric S Ristad 1997 Maximum entropy modelling toolkit Technical report, Princeton Univesity R Rosenfeld 1996 A maximum entropy approach to adaptive statistical language modeling Computer, Speech ... denote the probability that the will use ME model assigns to in the context in order to distinguish this model from the basic lexicon model In the maximum entropy approach we describe all properties ... the ME models in a statistical translation system we implemented a rescoring algorithm This algorithm take as input the standard lexicon model (not using maximum entropy) and the 348 models obtained...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 18:20

... result in state of the art performance for both tagging tasks Maximum Entropy Models A conditional ME model, also known as a loglinear model, has the following form: P(YIX) = Z(x) exp ilifi(xJ)) ... features of the model, the A, are the parameters, or weights, and Z(x) is a normalisation constant This form can be derived by choosing the model with maximum entropy (i.e the most uniform model) from ... significantly faster (Malouf, 2002) Smoothing Maximum Entropy Models Several methods have been proposed for smoothing ME models (see Chen and Rosenfeld (1999)) For taggers, a standard technique is to...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 02:20

... descent method for large-scale L2-loss linear SVM JMLR, 9:1369–1398 We apply Maxent models to part of speech (POS) tagging for BROWN corpus (http://www.nltk.org) and chunking tasks for CoNLL2000 ... but it does not perform well in the beginning Conclusions In summary, we create a general framework for explaining IS methods Based on this framework, we develop a new CD method for Maxent It is ... cost for each sub-problem is O(¯ l), similar to that for exactly solving sub-problems of GIS or SCGIS This result is important as otherwise each trial of z = λd expensively costs O(¯ l) for calculating...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

... Whole Sentence Maximum Entropy Model The whole sentence Maximum Entropy model directly models the probability distribution of the complete sentence2 The WSME language model has the form of (3) ... 2000) a A formal framework to include long-distance and local information in the same language model is based on the Maximum Entropy principle (ME) Using the ME principle, we can combine information ... -gram model, however that is nat), the ural because, in the worst case (if all WSME models perform like the -gram model In Table 1, we see that all the models using grammatical features perform...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... (ANLP'97), Washington D.C., ACL E S Ristad 1996 Maximum Entropy Modelling Toolkit Documentation for Version 1.3 Beta, Draft, R Rosenfeld 1996 A Maximum Entropy Approach to Adaptive Statistical Language ... fact, the factorial constraint space (X) for the maximum entropy model and at the same time will contain all seen and logically implied configurations (w+) Formally, the feature collocation lattice ... uniform distribution (which has the entropy on its maximum) : p"(Oi) = L *~ + (1 - L) * p'(Oi) where L = THRESHOLD THRESHOLD+~'O~ So for high frequency nodes this smoothing is very minor b u t for...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... normal controls Peaks labeled by * were selected as biomarkers for CRC diagnostic model Figure The decision trees of diagnostic model for CRC Each node was represented with different m/z value and ... differentially expressed proteins was advocated for biomarkers of diagnosis for colorectal cancer Materials and methods Patients Experiment was performed in Taizhou Municipal Hospital, Zhejiang, ... and allowed to clot at room temperature for up to hr; the samples were then centrifuged at 4℃ for at 10000 rpm The sera were frozen and stored at -80℃ for future analysis Table Clinical Tumor-Node-Metastasis...

Ngày tải lên: 25/10/2012, 11:18

... controls) in DBase IV format was combined with the new data package in an EXCEL format and with a total of 308 records was made The package in EXCEL format was exported to SPSS format for its later statistical ... The predisposing effect for the condition was potentiated for both variables at the individual level (OR of 1.051 for AGE and OR of 1.138 for CA 19.9) with respect to the model obtained with raw ... capacity for SCRC when attempting to include it in multivariate models [28] In this investigation, CEA was not included as an explanatory variable because it did not form part of the original model...

Ngày tải lên: 03/11/2012, 11:34

... HOUSE’S MODEL FOR TRANSLATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT 2.1 Presentation of the model Julian House is a German linguist She first proposed her model for translation quality assessment in 1977 in A Model for ... APPLICATION OF HOUSE’S MODEL FOR TRANSLATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT 2.1 Presentation of the model 27 27 2.1.1 An overview of the model 27 2.1.2 Operation of the model 28 2.2 Application of the model 31 2.2.1 ... Investment of Vietnam Therefore, a set of parameters for assessment is necessary Among the various criteria and models for translation quality assessment, House’s model is chosen in this study...

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:36

... p(y|x) cung cấp entropy có điều kiện: 17 H ( p ) = −∑x , y ~ ( x ) p ( y | x) log( p ( y | x)) p (5) Entropy bị chặn 0, entropy mơ hình khơng có khơng chắn nào, chặn log|Y|, entropy phân phối ... pháp phân loại nghiên cứu luận văn mơ hình cực đại entropy [Berger, 1996 Della Pietra, 1997] 1.2 Giới thiệu mơ hình cực đại entropy Mơ hình cực đại entropy phương pháp phân loại văn sử dụng rộng ... hình cực đại entropy Dựa tài liệu mơ hình cực đại entropy [Adam L Berger & Stephen A Della Pietra & Vincent J Della Pietra, 1996] số nguồn khác Dưới sở lý thuyết mơ hình cực đại entropy Về cách...

Ngày tải lên: 23/11/2012, 15:03

... lower than the measured values As for nitrogen load, the relative errors become small—the average relative errors are about 10% for point B, 30% for point C and 20% for point D In addition, Fig shows ... tank were 28 and 10.35 g·d–1, respectively (IPLEDKCS, 1999) Model calibration and verification The trends in the measured data for point A for the period from 10 August to 31 December 2001 were simulated ... differ depending on the land use, the dissolution rate (α) is set to 0.5 for the upland fields, 0.0 for livestock and 1.0 for others, that is, the nitrogen load from fertilizers is divided into...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:08

... q(xs,ys) tỉ lệ pixel với màu xs skinness ys, tập liệu học Theo công thức nhân Larange mô hình đạt entropy cực đại, ta có: p(y|x) = ∏s∈Sq(ys|xs) (1) q ( x s | y s ) q ( y s) q ( xs ) đó: q(ys|xs)...

Ngày tải lên: 06/10/2013, 19:20

... This iterative modeling is done in close interaction with stakeholders, who, along with the modelers, use the models for scenario planning.” This is how we would like to use the models: we try ... points of intervention and to construct a bank of options for resource management” The role of modeling is formulated in this context: “Modeling proceeds iteratively by successive approximations ... Then the model is used with the stakeholders to explore various scenarios This approach has been called companion modeling (Bousquet, et al 1999) MODELS 3.1 Conceptualisation The first model we...

Ngày tải lên: 16/10/2013, 01:15

... The manifest variables are denoted as x for the ξ variables, and y for the η variable The measurement models for ξ variables are formative (Bagozzi and Fornell (1982)) and given by: Al-Nasser ... based on statistical information about customer satisfaction measurements model COSTUMER SATISFACTION MEASUREMENT MODELS Customer satisfaction model is a complete path model, which can be depicted ... measurement models for ξ ˆ variables) and λ (the estimate mean of the coefficients the measurement model for the η Where variable) From the results it could be note that the GME outperform the PLS...

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2013, 07:15

... điều kiện p(y|x) cung cấp Entropy có điều kiện: H ( p) x, y ~( x) p( y | x) log( p( y | x)) p (5) Entropy bị chặn 0, Entropy mơ hình khơng có không chắn nào, chặn log|Y|, Entropy phân phối ngang ... từ thực nghiệm phải gần với phân phối Entropy độ đo tính đồng hay tính khơng chắn phân phối xác suất Một phân phối xác suất có Entropy cao phân phối Độ đo Entropy điều kiện phân phối xác suất ... định; vậy, ln ln tồn mơ hình p* với cực đại Entropy tập ràng buộc C 2.2.4 Dạng tham số Từ nguyên lý Entropy cực đại ta phát biểu lại rằng: tư tưởng chủ đạo Entropy cực đại ta phải xây dựng phân phối...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 14:29