ligation chemoselectivity in peptide synthesis

... biosynthesis systems of gramicidin S (Grs), tyrocidin A (Tyc), surfactin (Srf), lichenysin (Lic), bacitracin (Bac), fengycin (Fen), enterobactin (Ent), chloroeremomycin (Cep), pristinamycin (Snb), ... C-domains possess an intrinsic editing function for the incoming aminoacyl moiety [6] By using aminoacyl-S-CoA as probes it was shown that the ®rst C-domain of the tyrocidine synthetase complex ... chromosomal point mutation in srfA-B, changing a D to A in the His-motif (italic) of the corresponding Asp domain of the surfactin synthetase was found to abolish surfactin production in the B subtilis...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 11:20

... Glutamine was effective in protecting the enzyme from inactivation and its effect was again dose-dependent, suggesting that inhibition by DON occurs at the active site or the glutamine-binding ... acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide (APAD) as cosubstrate [17] The glutaminase Pyridoxine biosynthesis in yeast (Eur J Biochem 271) 747 reaction was carried out in 0.3 mL of 50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 8.0, in ... to participate in the metabolism of nucleotides In this context, the assertion that pyridoxine may be the precursor of the pyrimidine moiety of thiamin in yeast is intriguing [27] In fungi, pyroA...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 12:20

... only one single stand-alone A-domain and a single binding protein NspB points to an iteration of these two proteins in the assembly line of poly b-lysine chains in nourseothricin biosynthesis ... assayed by determination of covalent binding of [3H]b-lysine to protein in the presence of the b-lysine activating enzyme, ATP and MgCl2 (see below) Fractions containing b-lysine binding activity ... NspA, a stand-alone b-lysine adenylating enzyme (A-domain) and NspB, a b-lysine binding protein consisting of a PCPdomain and a domain with similarity to E-domains of peptide synthetases NspA...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 17:20

... between polymer chains [21] and polymer chain length As chain length increases the intermolecular forces increase due to more dipole interaction or intermolecular P.P Sengupta et al / Thin Solid Films ... thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) using Perkin Elmer Pyris Diamond thermogravimetric analyzer in N2 atmosphere from 50 °C to 600 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C/min 2.4.5 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) ... MA crosslinked PVA coated glass slide was done in Philips Type PW 1710 using Cu Kα (λ = 1.542 A°) The XRD analysis of MA crosslinked PVA coated glass slide was also done in the same instrument...

Ngày tải lên: 20/03/2014, 13:04

... proposed in (Yi et al., 2000; Bulyko and Ostendorf, 2001) (a) How can we collect a training corpus for building a statistical model? Ideally, the training corpus could be human-labeled, as in speech ... The string potentials of the states of T can be computed using the generic shortest-distance algorithm of (Mohri, 2002) over the string semiring They can be used in composition in the following ... computing the outgoing transitions of the states in (s1 , s2 ) with input label a, the backoff transitions of a state s2 are inspected if and only if none of the states in S2 has an outgoing transition...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... Ureaplasma urealyticum intrauterine infection: role in prematurity and disease in newborns Clin Microbiol Rev 6, 69–87 Goncalves L, Chaiworapongsa T & Romero R (2002) Intrauterine infection and prematurity ... kinase, cytidylate kinase, and uridylate kinase, were cloned and expressed in E coli The recombinant enzymes were affinity purified and their role in dNTP and NTP synthesis was investigated 1984 ... template and cloned into the pET14b vector using the Nde I and BamH I restriction sites A 6-His tag and a thrombin cleavage site were introduced to the N-terminus of the recombinant proteins Tryptophans,...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 08:20

... functionalized side chains (carboxyl, amino, amine, guanidino, thiol or hydroxy groups) Interestingly, Asp236 of TEIIrat, which was previously thought to be involved in catalysis in the case of the ... surfactinA [24]; BacT, bacitracin [39]; Ery ORF5, erythromycin [40]; GrsT, gramicidin S [41]; LchA-TE, lichenysin D [29]; LicTE, lichenysin D [42]; MegH, megalomicin [27]; NrpT [43], NysE, nystatin ... cognate substrate acetyl-S-Ppant-PCP Interestingly, after 5–10 of incubation at 37 °C, no further hydrolysis of the remaining substrate was observed, indicating clear instability of this enzyme under...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 13:20

... .145 Resins and Linkers for Synthesis of Peptides Using Fmoc/tBu Chemistry 146 Resins and Linkers for Synthesis of Peptide Amides Using Fmoc/tBu Chemistry 147 Resins and Linkers ... acyl groups involved in couplings: those originating from an N-alkoxycarbonylamino acid and those originating from a peptide All coupling reagents and methods are applicable to the coupling of N-protected ... cysteine to the disulfide The alcoholic groups of serine and threonine are not sensitive to oxidation The propyl side-chain of proline (Pro) is linked to its amino group, making it an imino instead...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:14

... Gil, Kerstin Knepper and Stefan Bräse Introduction 137 Linkers for Organic Synthesis on Polymeric Supports 138 Linker Families 139 Benzyl-Type Linkers including Trityl and Benzhydryl Linkers 139 ... Surface-initiated Polymerization Using Living Ionic Polymerization 413 Surface-initiated Polymerization Using Living Anionic Polymerization 414 Surface-initiated Polymerization Using Living Carbocationic ... data obtained can be misleading or misinterpreted Two major processes must be distinguished Firstly swelling occurs when a solvent interacts with entangled polymer chains, initially in the solid...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:15

... free amino group The extent of its formation depends on the nature of the C-terminus amino acid and the type of peptidelinker ester anchor Peptides containing proline or glycine in the C-terminal ... combining AVP and BK appeared in 1997 (9) The broad aim of these initial studies was to determine whether single peptides combining address sequences for AVP and BK receptors retained binding ... have indicated that dimeric bradykinin antagonists such as CU210 specifically inhibit the growth of lung cancer lines (26) Such findings are particularly interesting since monomeric bradykinin...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:15

... unprotected by law printed in the Federal Republic of Germany printed on acid-free paper Typesetting K+V Fotosatz GmbH, Beerfelden Printing betz-druck GmbH, Darmstadt Bookbinding Wilhelm Osswald ... N-sulfonylamino acid moiety examined, the polymeric catalyst containing a relatively long oxyethylene chain cross-linkage gave higher enantioselectivity than those with flexible alkylene chain cross-linkages ... warrant the information contained therein to be free of errors Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:15

... (http://elsevier.com), by selecting “Customer Support” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Library of Congress Cataloging -in- Publication Data Application Submitted British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data ... of technology, but also into the domains of the fine arts, for it engenders unparallel potential for creativity and imagination in its practice Enterprises in chemical synthesis encompass both ... synthetic effort is also illustrated with colors indicating where the intermediates reside in the final product The approach used in this book is also unique in that it emphasizes the clever use of many...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:15

... conversion into a book At Colby College, Frank Favaloro did the same thing, making “study sheets” and adding to the list of Name Reactions He graduated in 1996 and I started reformatting and expanding ... publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats Some content that appears in print, however, may not be available in electronic format Library of Congress Cataloging -in- PublicationData ... This page Intentionally Left Blank NAME REACTIONS AND REAGENTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS This page Intentionally Left Blank NAME REACTIONS AND REAGENTS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS Second Edition...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:16

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:18

... Recognition 196 Other Novel Interactions Involving Neutral Aluminum(III) 203 Ligand Effect on Aluminum(III) Geometry and Interactions 206 Modern Aluminum Reagents in Selective Organic Synthesis 208 Carbon–Carbon ... Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany Printed on acid-free paper Composition K+V Fotosatz GmbH, Beerfelden Printing Strauss Offsetdruck GmbH, Mörlenbach Bookbinding Litges & Dopf Buchbinderei ... divided into the C–C(sp2) coupling and C–C(sp3) coupling reactions, and they are considered in this order 29 30 Lithium in Organic Synthesis C–C(sp2) Coupling Reactions N-formyl dialkylamines can...

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2014, 12:18

... resin may be explained by the visible increase in resin swelling, which may, in turn, increase the resin pore diameter, thus increasing the accessibility of the activated derivative to the internal ... accomplished by performing the first coupling with a limiting amount of protected amino acid Following this coupling, the remaining free amino groups are capped, thus eliminating any further reactivity ... phase peptide synthesis Int J Peptide Protein Res 31,86-97 Forest, M and Fournier, A (1990) BOP reagent for the coupling of pGlu and BocHis(Tos) in solid phase peptide synthesis Int J Peptide...

Ngày tải lên: 11/04/2014, 10:02

... functionally independent (The underline in xi indicates that the computed gi is independent in these variables.) Vacuous in x1 function g1 must not exceed largest member u(x) in all its minterm points, independent ... products in S O P( f ) containing the literal x i gives a minimal SOP for f˜|xi =0 , while all remaining products, that not depend on xi or x i , give a minimal SOP covering exactly the points in the ... 240 13.4.4 Pruning Invalid Output Matches by SAT Counterexamples 241 13.4.5 Pruning Invalid I/O Matches Using Support Signatures 241 13.4.6 Pruning Invalid Input Matches Using Symmetries ...

Ngày tải lên: 31/05/2014, 00:10

... MS, Ying JY, Heremans JP: Magnetotransport investigations of ultrafine single-crystalline bismuth nanowire arrays Appl Phys Lett 1998, 73:1589 Piraux L, Dubois S, Duvail JL, Radulescu A, Ferain ... 100 W, leading to a shorter time interval between encounters of adatoms, and in turn, creating a local excess of adatoms, called supersaturation [14] This causes adatoms not to settle into possible ... atomic diffusion during thermal annealing is expected to be favored for nanowire growth through enlarged grain boundaries These results indicate that surface morphology and grain structure of the...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 05:20