laminar turbulent and transition flow in circular conduits

... accuracy In a recent study, Cho et al [12] investigated the effect of a gap in the inclined rib on heat transfer in a square duct and reported that a gap in the inclined rib accelerates the flow and ... determine the optimum width of a gap in the inclined rib to form discrete rib This study will help in determining the gap size while descritizing the inclined (non-transverse) ribs for enhancing ... measure the flow field in a rectangular duct with 60º inclined and V-shaped rib arrangements in three planes and reported that the PIV technique is capable of obtaining the detailed flow structures...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:10

... panels in Fig 9B - no flow occurred any more in the right stem side after its cutting), flow slightly increased there using the remaining part of water source (roots) towards the same sink (remaining ... removing (see middle panel in Fig 9B) Flow from the side of the missing sink decreased significantly especially in outer xylem layers and the remaining flow moved to the second branch (Figs 9A and ... Temperature gradients around a linear heater in stems due to mowing sap, in: Cermak J., Nadezhdina N (Eds.), Measuring Sap Flow in Intact Plants, Proc of 4th Int Workshop, Zidlochovice, Czech...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:22

... produced in the same year Staminate inflorescences are initiated in late spring, flowers develop in early summer and meiosis occurs in the following spring, giving rise to binucleate pollen grains ... occur in late spring, when the staminate inflorescences develop Female flowers develop in late winter or early spring (Bonnet-Masimbert, 1978; Merkle et al, 1980) Each flower is included in a ... Fry and Vaughn, 1977; Aizen and Patter- the amount of resources and water available at the time of flowering and fruiting (Corti, 1959; Sharp and Chisman, 1961; Wolgast and Stout, 1977a), and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 19:21

... characteristics of non -circular jet in a cross flow In all cases, the cross flow was maintained in a laminar condition and qualitative flow visualization and quantitative particle image velocimetry investigations ... ratio Circular jet in cross flow Counter-rotating vortex pair Elliptic jet in cross flow Jet in cross flow MR Jet to cross flow momentum ratio, VR Jet to cross flow velocity ratio, Ajet Vjet dA Circular ... exit) by bending and titling the vortex rings, complication sets in when one tries to explain the formation of the CVP using vortex rings Therefore, the validity of employing vortex rings to model...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:19

... species in 2003 and 15 species in 2004 were observed in Line (Table 1) U pinnatifida and crustose coralline algae were the dominant species A total of sea urchin species were observed in Line between ... macroalgae and seagrass, and the population of infauna were quantified in the 50 m × m belt transects in the outer (Line 1) and inner (Line 2) bay areas by scuba divers in September 2003 and 2004 ... high water flow conditions preventing the migration and/ or grazing by sea urchin even with their high abundance in the outer bay In contrast, in the inner areas (Line 2) where U pinnatifida no...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... NHi and NOi represent NH4-N and NO2+3-N in the ith layer [g-N/m2], respectively, and Nrice is the rice nitrogen [g-N/m2] The terms radv,NH,i and radv,NO,i are the NH4-N and NO2+3-N inflow into ... transplantation, and thereafter a constant height was maintained in every case The leaf area index (LAI), however, increased until heading and then decreased (Hasegawa et al., 1991) To determine whether ... obtain better prediction of biomass production and water treatment and a detailed understanding of the nitrogen dynamics in VF constructed wetlands CONCLUSIONS In the experimental pots replicating...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 22:20

... that: in the three scenarios, the average flow has an increasing tendency in Hong-Thai Binh river basin and a decreasing one in Dong Nai river basin For seasonal flow, in Hong-Thai Binh river basin, ... 3.2 Flood season flow According to three climate change scenarios, there are increasing trends of flood season flow in Hong-Thai Binh basin In general, the increase in flood flow in the A2 scenario ... use and DEM, Hong-Thai Binh and Dong Nai basin were divided into 16 and 29 sub-basins Table NAM model parameters of some main sub-basins in Hong-Thai Binh basin No Sub-basin Area (km2 ) Lai Chau...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 12:20

... Taxation and Public Finance in Transition and Developing Economies Taxation and Public Finance in Transition and Developing Economies Edited by Robert W McGee Editor Robert W McGee Florida International ... Taxation and Public Finance in Transition and Developing Economies, doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-25712-9_1, © Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2008 Taxation and Public Finance in Transition and Developing ... Taxation and Public Finance in Transition and Developing Economies, doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-25712-9_3, © Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2008 25 26 Taxation and Public Finance in Transition and...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:20

... flow in Riemann surfaces revisited: a new point of view, Internat Math Res Notices (2001), no 6, 275–297 GLOBAL EXISTENCE 343 [7] X Chen and G Tian, Ricci flow on K¨hler-Einstein surfaces, Invent ... maximum principle is not available In Section we derive the evolution equation for the conformal factor and the curvature quantity Q In Section we show that the solution is bounded n in H In Sections ... − C Since Ef [w] is bounded from above, we conclude that n (−∆0 ) w M dV0 ≤ C; hence w−w n H2 ≤ C Using an inequality of N Trudinger, we obtain M eα(w−w) dV0 ≤ C for all real numbers α In particular,...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 22:20

... circular and non -circular ducts encompassing both laminar and turbulent regimes is presented in Chapter Issues relating to the transition from laminar to turbulent flow, minor losses in fittings and ... “strain-hardening” Many materials including polymer melts and solutions thus exhibit shearthinning in simple shear and strain-hardening in uniaxial extension Except in the limit of vanishingly ... 49 Flow in pipes and in conduits of non circular cross- sections 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Laminar flow in circular tubes 74 3.2.1 Power-law fluids Example 3.1 3.2.2 Bingham...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 13:18

... Engineering, National University of Singapore, Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117576 Singapore 2Minerals, Metals and Materials Technology Centre, National University of Singapore, Engineering ... the base working fluid Since the convective heat transfer inside the tube is directly linked to flow behavior, it is of interest to investigate the flow patterns inside the tubes In our previous ... convection in circular tubes Appl Therm Eng 2009, 29:3632-3642 Akbarnia A, Laur R: Investigating the diameter of solid particles effect on a laminar nanofluid flow in a curved tube using two phase...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 03:20

... formulated in Chapter and in subsequent chapters We discuss linear programming (including the simplex method and interior point approaches), branch -and- bound and branch -and- cut for mixed integer ... three chapters and serves as the Introduction Chapter introduces the basic notions and concepts of network modeling and design by providing an analogy to airline networks and explaining these concepts ... Routing, Flow, and Capacity Design in Communication and Computer Networks The Morgan Kaufmann Series in Networking Series Editor, David Clark, M.I.T Routing, Flow, and Capacity Design in Communication...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 15:27

... research in boreal forests, including research on pine and spruce in Europe [4] and on the trembling aspen (P tremuloides M.) in Canada [14] The results showed that, in each year, the sap flow density ... maximal early in the morning, just before the sap begins to flow During the day, stem width shrinks rapidly until sap flow reaches its maximum level and until air humidity increases again Stem width ... opposition and the temperature difference decrease with an increase in sap flow During the night, sap flow ceases, all the energy of the heating probe is dissipated by conduction in the sapwood and...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:20

... Darlington CD, Wylie AP (1955) Chromosome Atlas of Flowering Plants Allen Galband Unwin, London, UK, 520 p Galbraith DW, Harkins KR, Maddox JM, Ayres NM, Sharma DP, Firoozabady E (1983) Rapid flow ... 1.6 pg per 2C interphasic nucleus: Q petraea 2C 1.6 pg (Band, 1984 in Bennett and Smith, 1991), 1.8 pg (Greilhuber, 1988) or 1.58 pg (Ohri and Ahuja, 1990), Q robur 2C= 1.59 pg (Ohri and Ahuja, ... (2C 2.85 pg; 41 % GC) was selected as an internal standard The Q petraea and Q robur clones originated from donor trees in northeastern France (Lorraine) The Q pubescens donor tree was from the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 18:21

... all organs and to the gut in particular In addition to noradrenaline (norepinephrine), adrenaline (epinephrine), dopamine and dobutamine, dopexamine has been the subject to various investigations ... estimated using LDF [17] In an experimental setting in pigs, jejunal mucosal blood flow was not influenced by dopexamine infusion during intestinal hypotension, but dopexamine brought about intestinal ... Dopexamine improved intestinal microvascular blood flow in a sepsis model in rats • Dopexamine reduced endotoxin-induced leucocyte adherence in venules of the intestinal submucosa • Dopexamine infusion...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 02:24

... dose-response curves for HA flow responses to intra-portal injection of adenosine or ATP Intraportal injection of ATP and adenosine both caused immediate increases in HAF (Figure 3) and the -log ED50 values ... prosthesis inserted into the portal vein and the inferior vena cava of the in vivo rabbit model Figure Diagram of silastic H-shaped prosthesis inserted into the portal vein and the inferior vena ... Figure of intra-portal injection of (a) ATP and (b) adenosine on changes in hepatic arterial flow (∆ HAF) in vivo The effect The effect of intra-portal injection of (a) ATP and (b) adenosine on...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:20