introduction to network simulator 2 ns2

... -v o1 =v i2 A voc2 v i2 + -R i2 R o2 v+o2 Fig 25 A two-amplifier cascade. v v o i 1 1 1 + -v i1 A voc v i1 + -R i1 R o2 v+o2 -Fig 26 Model of cascade. v v v v o i o o 2 2 2 2 1 v v voc ... of what might be inside): Trang 4Introduction to Electronics 14Decibel Notation 2 2 R v i L = (21) G total dB, =10logG G1 2 =10logG1 +10logG2 =G1,dB +G2,dB (20) Decibel Notation Amplifier gains ... often coupled in this manner also Trang 17Introduction to Electronics 27Differential Amplifiers + -+ -+ -+ -v I1 v I2 v ICM v ID /2 v ID /2 1 1 2 2 + -Fig 41 Representing two sources by

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 02:21

... of $220/kg Price ($/kg)Demandquantity(kg/month)Excess ofdemandover supplyTrang 23050100150200250300350400450Trang 24Supply and Demand Shiftequilibrium price moves down from $220 and 18 units to ... change050100150200250300350400450Trang 20Market Equilibriumin the marketor they may fall Why?to change to the point where the quantity demanded equals the quantity suppliedTrang 21Market Equilibriumsupplied ... related to price– Other things constanty = 452.89e-0.042x050100150200250300350400450Trang 7Demand Relationship•Demand relationship•y = -23.96ln(x) + 146.54•Shifted demand relationship•y = -23.96ln(x)

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2016, 12:05

... Trang 1Introduction to Structural Geology Laurel Goodwin Basil Tikoff Paul Riley Trang 3Structural Geology vs Tectonics was built Structural geology of surface to core as diverse as paleontology ... geophysics deformation processes tectonics, particularly in respect to deformation history over time Trang 4Components of classwork 40% exams (10% each midterm, 20% final exam)  35% lab  15% ... Observations separate from interpretations Trang 9deformation from an historical viewpoint scales required for an earthquake to those that form mountain belts Trang 10The Earth as a cooling body

Ngày tải lên: 29/11/2016, 23:13

... Chapter 2: Introduction to Switched Networks Routing And Switching Presentation_ID © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Cisco Confidential Chapter 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Basic Switch ... issued to re-enable the port © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc All rights reserved Cisco Confidential 50 Switch Port Security Network Time Protocol (NTP) Presentation_ID  NTP is a protocol used to synchronize ... In order to remotely manage a Cisco switch, it needs to be configured to access the network  An IP address and a subnet mask must be configured  If managing the switch from a remote network,

Ngày tải lên: 27/08/2017, 17:18

... 242f-244f, 252f254f, 253 Internal carotid artery, 194f, 201f, 204f, 206f-208f, 214f, 221f-222f, 222, 225, 225f, 228f, 239f, 243f-244f, 244, 246f-249f, 251f Internal cerebral vein, 219f-220f, 220, ... peduncle, 230f, 251f Cerebral vein of Galen, 220, 220f-221f, 230f, 233f-234f, 252, 254, 254f, 257, 257f Cerebral veins, 219f-220f, 220, 223, 223f Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 26f-27f, 192, 219f, 223-224, ... 22f-23f, 223f, 233f, 238 Dural venous sinuses, 220-222, 220f-222f E Ear computed tomography of, 228, 228f external, 227, 227f inner, 227, 227f middle, 227, 227f pathology of, 229, 229f Echocardiography,

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 11:57

... SaveR1 ; restore R1 & R7 Trang 11TRAP Routines and their Assembler Names vector symbol routine x20 GETC read a single character (no echo) x21 OUT output a character to the monitor x22 PUTS write ... Trap vector • identifies which system call to invoke • 8-bit index into table of service routine addresses in LC-2, this table is stored in memory at 0x0000 – 0x00FF 8-bit trap vector is zero-extended ... monitor x22 PUTS write a string to the console x23 IN print prompt to console,read and echo character from keyboardx25 HALT halt the program Trang 12Saving and Restoring Registers Must save the

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 00:26

... (3 of 3) End10 STR R2, R1, #2 ; store ASCII 10's digit ADD R0, R0, #10 ; restore last subtract ; LD R2, ASCIIoffset ADD R2, R2, R0 ; convert one's digit STR R2, R1, #3 ; store one's digit RET ... R6 CC for ADD ////// ////// PC ISR for Device B x6200 x3006 ADD x6202 AND x6210 RTI x6203 Executing AND at x6202 when Device C interrupts 10­29 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Permission ... sign of value BRn NegSign LD R2, ASCIIplus ; store '+' STR R2, R1, #0 BR Begin100 NegSign LD R2, ASCIIneg ; store '-' STR R2, R1, #0 NOT R0, R0 ; convert value to pos ADD R0, R0, #1 10­19 Copyright

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 00:27

... message to console. IN TRAP x23 Print prompt on console, read (and echo) one character from keybd Character stored in R0[7:0]. OUT TRAP x21 Write one character (in R0[7:0]) to console. GETC TRAP x20 ... Assembler Using “assemble” (Unix) or LC2Edit (Windows), generates several different output files. This one gets loaded into the simulator. Trang 20Object File Format LC-2 object file contains • Starting ... not to load overlapping object files Trang 22Linking and Loading Loading is the process of copying an executable image into memory. • more sophisticated loaders are able to relocate images to

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 00:46

... Illegal 10sdigit ten'sdigit done? same identifier Trang 6Floating point6.023 6.023e23 /* 6.023 x 10 23 */ 5E12 /* 5.0 x 10 12 */ Character 'c' '\n' /* newline */ '\xA' /* ASCII 10 (0xA) */ Trang ... global variables stored here (actually all static variables) • R5 points to beginning Run-time stack • Used for local variables • R6 points to storage area at top of stack • New storage area for ... its value. Trang 26Special Operators: +=, *=, etc. Arithmetic and bitwise operators can be combined with assignment operator. Statement Equivalent assignment Trang 27Special Operator: Conditional

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 00:53

... processor and other resources To stop the computer: • AND the clock generator signal with ZERO • when control unit stops seeing the CLOCK signal, it stops processing 4­24 ... display Example: LC-2 ADD Instruction LC-2 has 16-bit instructions • Each instruction has a four-bit opcode, bits [15:12] LC-2 has eight registers (R0-R7) for temporary storage • Sources and ... offset to base register result is memory address • load from memory address into destination register “Add the value to the contents of R3 to form a memory address Load the contents stored in

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 01:49

... Trang 23clear R2 add R4 to R2 decrement R5Trang 24Debugging the Multiply Program x3200 10 3 x3201 0 10 3 x3202 10 10 3 x3203 10 10 2 x3201 10 10 2 x3202 20 10 2 x3203 20 10 1 x3201 20 10 1 x3202 ... 30 10 1 x3203 30 10 0 x3201 30 10 0 x3202 40 10 0 x3203 40 10 -1 x3204 40 10 -1 40 10 -1 Single-stepping Breakpoint at branch (x3203) Executing loop one time too many. Branch at x3203 should ... counter. B2 B3 Trang 16R1 = R0?R2 = R2 + 1 No Yes Get next character. B1 Done? No Yes Test character If matches, increment counter. B2 B3 Conditional (B2) and sequential (B3). Use of LC-2 registers

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 02:10

... Breakpoints • Stop when a particular statement is reached • Stop at entry or exit of a function • Conditional breakpoints: Stop if a variable is equal to a specific value, etc. • Watchpoints: Stop when ... solve the correct problem Difficult to find • Program does what we intended • Problem might not show up until many runs of program Maybe difficult to fix • Have to redesign, may have large impact ... impact on program code Classic example: Y2K bug • only allow 2 digits for year, assuming 19 Trang 7Debugging Techniques Ad-Hoc • Insert printf statements to track control flow and values • Code

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 03:47

... display Transistor: Building Block of Computers Microprocessors contain millions of transistors • Intel Pentium II: million • Compaq Alpha 21264: 15 million • Intel Pentium III: 28 million Logically, ... each transistor acts as a switch Combined to implement logic functions • AND, OR, NOT Combined to build higher-level structures • Adder, multiplexor, decoder, register, … Combined to build processor ... and #2 (switch open) Gate = Gate = Terminal #2 must be connected to GND (0V) 3­4 Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc Permission required for reproduction or display P-type MOS Transistor

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 03:48

... '0'); } } Trang 20Trace of IntToAscii Calling IntToAscii with parameter 12345: IntToAscii(12345) IntToAscii(1234) IntToAscii(123) IntToAscii(12) IntToAscii(1) putchar('1') putchar('2') putchar('3') ... for temporary storage. Post 1 Post 2 Post 3 Trang 7Task Decomposition Suppose disks start on Post 1, and target is Post 3. 1 Move top n-1 disks to Post 2. 2 Move largest disk to Post 3. 3 Move ... from Post 2 to Post 3. Trang 8Task Decomposition (cont.) Task 1 is really the same problem , with fewer disks and a different target post. • "Move n-1 disks from Post 1 to Post 2." And

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 04:00

... contents of memoryat the address stored in ptr store the result into memory at the address stored in ptr Trang 8ADD R1, R1, #1 ; add oneSTR R1, R0, #0 ; store result where R0 points Trang 9Pointers ... int *p; /* p is a pointer to an int */ A pointer in C is always a pointer to a particular data type: int*, double*, char*, etc. Operators *p returns the value pointed to by p &z returns ... addresses of variables that it wants function to change. Trang 10Passing Pointers to a Function main() wants to swap the values of x and y passes the addresses to NewSwap: y ret val ret addr dyn link

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 04:19

... Trang 1Introduction to Computing Systems: From Bits and Gates to C and Beyond Yale N Patt Sanjay J Patel Slides prepared by Gregory T Byrd, North Carolina State University Trang 2Welcome AboardTrang ... basic operations to realize microarchitecture • many different ways to implement a single function (e.g., addition) Devices • properties of materials, manufacturability Trang 12Many Choices at ... next frame of animation, • cost  cell phone, automotive engine controller, • power  cell phone, handheld video game, Trang 8Big Idea #2: Transformations Between Layers How do we solve

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 04:26

... 2 7 ( 128 ) 2 6 (64) 2 5 ( 32) 2 4 (16) 2 3 (8) 2 2 (4) 2 1 (2) 2 0 (1) Decimal Equivalent 10000001 1 0000001 128 +1 = 129 11100000 00011110 Decimal 2 7 ( 128 ) 2 6 (64) 2 5 ( 32) 2 4 (16) 2 3 (8) 2 2 (4) 2 1 (2) 2 0 (1) Binary Equivalent 128 ... Addressing. Binary 2 7 2 6 2 5 2 4 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 0 Decimal Equivalent Decimal 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 1 01011 0 0 (1x 128 )+ (1x 32) + (1x8)+ (1x4)=1 72 0 00100 0 0 (1x16)=16 0 ... address, 25 5 .25 5 .25 5 .25 5, is used to identify a broadcast message. A broadcast message is one that is transmitted to every host on the network. When the destination IP address is 25 5 .25 5 .25 5 .25 5,...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2013, 23:15

... traceroute/tracert  Visual Route (fun stuff) CS6 82 -Network Security Module-1 Introduction to Network Security SYN  This is CS6 82, Network Security  There is a lab in RH219, get your accounts  Homework-0 ... CS3 92 lecture notes for general issues in information security. (http://isis.poly.edu/courses/cs3 92/ ) Prerequisites for CS6 82  CS3 92  Website: http://isis.poly.edu/courses/cs3 92- f20 02/  ... response to ping  Improper response to ARP queries  Improper response to DNS queries  Source routing to suspicious node  Employing a honeypot  Network latency monitoring  Time-domain reflectometers ...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 22:20

... IEEE 8 02. 11b and g Coherence time (ms) 21 .2 – 21 2 Minimum symbol time (ns) b) 90 g) 888 Coherence BW (MHz) 3 – 55 Bandwidth (MHz) b) 22 g) 16 .25 0 RMS delay spread (ns) 45 – 420 Subcarrier ... specify the simulator. FIGURE 4 - 2. Most commonly used MAC layer simulators [41] . MAC Layer Simulators used in Surveyed Wireless Network Papers Testbed Numerical Results NS -2 GloMoSim OPNET QualNET Others ... book is wireless network simulation, many of the common simulators used by the research community such as NS - 2 and OPNET began as wired network simulators and have been extended to the wireless...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 15:49