internetworking with tcp ip by douglas comer pdf free download

... propagates membership information bottom-up The informa- tion starts with hosts that choose to join or leave groups Hosts communicate member- ship information with their local router by using IGMP ... of group membership We also said that IP allows any host to join or leave a multicast group at any time, which results in rapid membership changes More important, membership does not follow ... that support hardware multicast, hosts not participating in IP multicast never receive IGMP messages Second, when polling to determine group membership, a multicast router sends a single query to

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 22:21

... Internet Multicasting Chap 17 As the figure shows, IP-in-IP encapsulation preserves the original multicast da- tagram, including the header, by placing it in the data area of a conventional unicast ... Internet sites participate in the MBONE; the MBONE allows hosts at participat- ing sites to send and receive multicast datagrams, which are then propagated to all other participating sites The MBONE ... routers that are interconnected by a set of point-to-point networks Some of the conceptual point-to-point connections coincide with physical networks; others are achieved by tunneling The details are

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 22:21

... can further optimize by pipelining requests (i.e., send requests back- to-back without waiting for a response) Pipelining is especially attractive in situations where multiple images must be ... obtain a page The browser begins with a URL, extracts the hosmarne section, uses DNS to map the name into an equivalent IP address, and uses the IP address to form a TCP connection Trang 3Sec 28.7 ... by using a new TCP connection for each data transfer That is, a client opens a TCP connection and sends a GET request The server transmits a copy of the requested item, and then closes the TCP

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 22:21

... assumes that IpAddress has already been defined) IpAddrEntry ::= SEQUENCE { ipAdEntAddr IpAddress, ipAdEntIflndex INTEGER, ipAdEntNetMask IpAddress, ipAdEntBcastAddr IpAddress, ip AdEntReasmMaxSize ... numeric values to ipAddrEntry and to each item in the IpAddrEntry sequence For example, the definition: ipAddrEntry { ipAddrTable 1 ) specifies that ipAddrEntry falls under ipAddrTable and has ... internet mgmt mib ip A MIB variable named ipInReceives has been assigned numeric identifier 3 under the ip node in the namespace, so its name is: iso org dod internet mgmt mib ip ipInReceives

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 22:21

... IGMP 328 IGP 295 IP 95, 97 IPV4 602 IPV6 602 Internet 95 MOSPF 343, 347 MTP 518 OSPF 293, 308 PIM 343, 344 RARP 89, 90 RIP 293, 296 RTCP 544 RTP 542 SMTP 518 SNMP 556 ST 602 TCP 209, 215 TELNET ... Multicast extensions to OSPF 343, 347 multimode 354 multipart type (MIME) 523 multiple access 28 multiplex 192, 699 multiplicative decrease 233, 699 Multipurpose Internet Mail Exten- sions 522 mutable ... (SWS) 246 urgent data 222 window 245 window advertisement 220 zero window 220 TCP protocol 209, 215 TCP/IP 2 TCPIIP Internet Protocol Suite 7 13 TDM 714 TDMA 714 technology independence 5 Trang

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 22:21

... header contains IP ad- dresses whereas the frame header contains physical addresses Figure 7.2 shows the general form of a datagram: Figure 7.2 General form of an IP datagram, the TCP/IP analogy to ... shipped across the underlying network in a single frame In addition, because IP represents the offset of the data in multiples of eight octets, the fragment size must be chosen to be a multiple ... corrupted data go undetected Fields SOURCE IP ADDRESS and DESTINATION IP ADDRESS contain the 32-bit IP addresses of the datagram's sender and intended recipient Although the datagram may be routed

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 22:21

... basic unit of transfer in a TCP/IP internet is the IP da- tagram This chapter adds to the description of connectionless service by describing how routers forward IP datagrams and deliver them ... use it FIRST IP ADDRESS SECOND lP ADDRESS Trang 4specifies a routing path by including a sequence of IP addresses in the option as Figure 7.14 shows IP ADDRESS OF FIRST HOP IP ADDRESS OF ... To understand IP routing completely, we must review the architecture of a TCP/IP internet First, recall that an internet is composed of multiple physical networks inter- connected by computers

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 22:21

... always specify the IP address of the original source and the IP address of the ultimate destination? When IP executes the routing algorithm, it selects a new IP address, the IP address of the ... an IP datagram has reached its final destination is not quite as trivial as it seems Remember that even a host may have multiple physical connec- tions, each with its own IP address When an IP ... destination We said that the IP address selected by the IP routing algorithm is known as the next hop address because it tells where the datagram must be sent next Where does IP store the next hop address?

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 22:21

... message mechanism to the TCP/IP protocols The mechanism, known as the Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP), is considered a required part of IP and must be included in every IP implemen- tation ... ICMP messages are encapsulated and sent using IP, ICMP is not considered a higher level protocol - it is a required part of IP The reason for using IP to deliver ICMP messages is that they may ... Because both the request and reply travel in IP datagrams, successful receipt of a reply verifies that major pieces of the transport system work First, IP software on the source computer must route

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 22:21

... cycle endlessly As mentioned previously, to prevent datagrams from circling forever in a TCP/IP internet, each IP datagram contains a time-to-live counter, sometimes called a hop count A router decrements ... operate indepen- dently, with each machine maintaining its own notion of the current time Clocks that differ widely can confuse users of distributed systems software The TCPJIP protocol suite includes ... are used by the source to associate replies with requests Remaining fields specify times, given in milliseconds since midnight, Universal Time? The ORIGINATE TIMESTAMP field is filled in by the

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 22:21

... internet with hundreds of networks and thousands of hosts They did not foresee tens of thousands of small networks of personal computers that would suddenly appear in the decade after TCP/IP was ... have its own IP prefix; hosts attached to it are as- signed addresses as if they connected directly to the WAN The transparent router demultiplexes datagrams that arrive from the WAN by sending ... install mappings obtained through ARP without checking their validity and without maintaining consistency Thus, it may happen that the ARP table maps several IP addresses to the same physical address,

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 22:21

... to test along with a number of bits to skip The second, a level compressed trie, provides additional optimization by eliminat- ing one or more levels in the trie that can be skipped along any ... decided to add subnet addressing to its IP software by allocating a single subnet mask used for all IP network addresses The vendor modified its standard IP routing software to make the subnet ... they encounter when traversing a TCP/IP internet 11.2 The Need For Multiple Protocols We have said that protocols allow one to specify or understand communication without knowing the details of

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 22:21

... layer The realistic diagram in Figure 11.2b shows that the IP software may communicate with multiple high-level protocol modules and with multiple network interfaces Although a diagram of conceptual ... 11.5.1 The TCPAP 5-Layer Reference Model The second major layering model did not arise from a standards committee, but came instead from research that led to the TCPIIP protocol suite With a little ... located in the TCP/IP transport layer uses checksums, acknowledgements, and timeouts to con- trol transmission Thus, unlike the connection-oriented X.25 protocol layering, the TCP/IP software focuses

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 22:21

... Multiplexing and demultiplexing occur at almost every protocol layer For exam- ple, after the network interface demultiplexes frames and passes those frames that con- tain IP datagrams to the IP ... service offered by a commercial util- ity, while the TCPIIP protocols provide an example of a different layering scheme In practice, protocol software uses multiplexing and demultiplexing to distinguish ... The net- work layering principle states that the frame delivered to R is identical to the frame sent by host A By contrast, the application and transport layers deal with end-toend issues and are

Ngày tải lên: 04/07/2014, 22:21

... is 08.00 (IP) Internetworking With TCP/ IP vol 1 Part 2 18 2005 Remainder Of This Section d History of Internet protocols (TCP/ IP) d Organizations d Documents Internetworking With TCP/ IP vol 1 ... Coordinates research on TCP/ IP and internetworking – Virtually defunct, but may re-emerge Internetworking With TCP/ IP vol 1 Part 1 12 2005 RFCs d Series of reports that include – TCP/ IP protocols – The ... in IP gateways (routers) – RFC 1812 (updated by RFC 2644) Internetworking With TCP/ IP vol 1 Part 1 21 2005 Why Study TCP/ IP? d The Internet is everywhere d Most applications are distributed Internetworking...

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2013, 23:15

... About The Fourth Edition Of Internetworking With TCPIIP "This is the book I go to for clear explanantions of the basic principles and la- test developments in TCPAP technologies. It's ... Of The Next IP 602 33.7 Features Of IPv6 602 33.8 General Form Of An IPv6 Datagram 603 33.9 IPv6 Base Header Format 603 33.10 IPv6 Extension Headers 605 33.11 Parsing An IPv6 Datagram ... principles of computer communication with the specific examples from the TCP/ IP protocol suite, Doug Comer has provided a very readable book. While this book is specifically about the TCPm...

Ngày tải lên: 19/03/2014, 13:35