hydrodynamics of a dual fluidized bed gasifier

... production by co-gasification of coal and biomass in a solar hybrid dual fluidized bed gasifier P Guoa,c, W Sawa,c, P van Eyka,c, P Ashmana,c,*, G Nathanb,c and E Stecheld a Schools of Chemical Engineering, ... the gasification reactor (GR) The temperature and flow rate of the bed material are maintained constant to achieve steady operation of the gasification reactor and downstream process The warm and ... rate of bed material to the gasification reactor (Qnet,sol,full)ann(peak) is the value of Qnet,sol,full when the solar insolation reaches the annually peak value To evaluate the annually averaged

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2016, 09:30

... the amount of bed char was commonly 13–15% for Leucaena and 5% for bagasse gasification Thus the bed char was not included in the mass balance calculation A greater amount (10 kg) of bed material ... gasification tests Leucaena was harvested from plots on the University of Hawaii Experiment Station at Waimanalo on Oahu Bagasse was obtained from the Gay & Robinson sugar factory at Kaumakani ... samples were subjected to elemental analysis using ICP–AES 2.5 Approach for elemental mass balance The input and output flow rate data can be used together to cal-culate a mass balance in a reactor

Ngày tải lên: 29/07/2016, 14:03

... approach The importance of particle based approach is clearly explained by Sommariva, Grana, Maffei, Pierucci, and Ranzi (2011) They stated that the selection of particle size used needs a particular ... uses the particle based approach and integrates and simultaneously predicts the hydro-dynamic and gasification aspects Tar conversion (tar formation and thermal tar cracking) is taken into account ... each stage, an empirical equation was estimated from experimen-tal data to calculate carbon conversion and gaseous components The parametric study of the gasification temperature and the steam to

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2016, 09:30

... Trang 1Three-dimensional full-loop simulation of a dual fluidized-bed biomassgasifier Hui Liua, Robert J Cattolicaa,⇑, Reinhard Seisera, Chang-hsien Liaob a Department of Mechanical and Aerospace ... Eulerian–Eulerian (EE) approach, the Eulerian–Lagrangian (EL) approach, and the hybrid Eulerian–Lagrangian approach In the Eulerian–Eulerian approach, the particle phase is treated as a continuum ... LLC and is located at the Woodland Biomass Research Center, Woodland, California Fig 1ashows the dual fluidized-bed system which consists of a gasifier, a combustor, a cyclone separator, and a

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2016, 09:31

... gasification process Table 1 includes the reactions that take place in a gasifier during the gasification process [1] Trang 2Table 1 Reactions that take place in a gasifier during the gasification ... leads to the lower of the value of each (low heating value, gas yield) The best ratio of steam to biomass, which achieve the best gas quality increases by reactor temperature, it can be calculated ... and air gasification in fluidized bed on syngas quality and It has been chosen the optimal parameters of air steam gasification system to achieve the best quality [7] Trang 34 Experimental study

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:32

... the case that calcium enriches in the ash layer covering bed material particles, the catalytic reforming of tar can be enhanced to a great degree The behaviour of catalytic and non-catalytic bed ... material The gas and tar sampling were carried out when the gasifier has reached steady state condition 2.2 The catalytic bed materials Two catalytic bed materials are used in this test, olivine and ... oxygen transportation, etc The use of catalytically active bed materials promote char gasi fi-cation, water-gas-shift (WGS) and steam reforming reactions, which enhance tar/CH4reforming and increase

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2016, 09:30

... _Hbiomass; _Hsteam; _Hproduct gas; and _Hash are the rates of heat of formation of biomass, steam, gaseous products, and ash, respectively, and _Qrxnis the rate of heat of reaction The impacts of ... Three-dimensional distributions of carbon conversion from the gasification of (a) raw bamboo, (b) torrefied bamboo at 250 °C and (c) torrefied bamboo at 300 °C. Table 6 A list of air and steam flow rates at various ... performances of raw and torrefied biomass are thermodynamically analyzed A downdraft fixed bed gasifier is tested using Aspen Plus The modified equivalence ratio and steam supply ratio are considered

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2016, 09:31

... temperature of inlet air All data was recorded on a 30 s base in accordance with relevant inter-national standards for this type of measurements The After measurements, the data was analysed ... order to analyse model prediction bias the mean fractional bias and normalised mean bias factors have been calculated Although mean fractional bias has been temper-ature prediction model are following: ... behaviour of buildings with changeable thermal capacitance For prediction of the lead-acid battery state of charge recursive estimation Kalman filter algorithms However, perfor-mance of a dynamic

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2016, 09:32

... 2A presents a schematic diagram of experi-mental apparatus, composed of a gas supplying system, a gas cleaning system and a pyrolysis-reforming facility First, the gasifi-cation temperature was ... catalytic steam gasification of biomass in a combined downdraft FB and fixed bed reactor The solids feed was composed of 15 wt.% of raw biomass and 85 wt.% of a mixture of sorbent and catalyst particles ... supported catalysts Fig 1 Schematic diagram of the RHC/RHA Ni–Fe catalysts preparation procedure. Table 2 Main experimental parameters of operating conditions. Fig 2 Schematic of the lab-scale experimental

Ngày tải lên: 02/08/2016, 09:35

... typical examples of basic Hopf algebras of finite representation type are Taft algebras and the dual of A(n, d, μ, q), which as an associative algebra is generated by two elements g and x with relations ... Andruskiewitsch-Schneider algebra is a kind of generalization of gener-alized Taft algebra and of course Taft algebra Therefore, it is natural to ask the following question: whether is the quantum double of dual Andruskiewitsch-Schneider ... Representation Theory, Quantum double Tame Algebra 1 Introduction In this paper, k is an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 and an algebra is a finite dimensional associative k-algebra with

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2014, 05:20

... their way down acid and tarry distillation products pass through glowing bed of charcoal and converted to permanent gases Fig 1 Schematic diagram of a downdraft gasifier Trang 3Advantages of such ... simulated outputs of Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software 2 Downdraft Gasifier 2.1 General features A schematic diagram of a downdraft gasifier is shown in Fig 1 The features of such a ... a gasifier can be stated as follows: a Primary gasification air is introduced at or above the oxidation zone and producer gas removed from bottom of the gasifier b Fuel and gas move in the same

Ngày tải lên: 03/04/2018, 21:04

... catalysts are rarely used as bed material Mineral catalysts (dolomite, calcite, magnetite, oliv-ine, etc.) are conventional bed materials, but their catalytic activity on WGSR (and also on tar ... the calculation of the pseudo-gas phase (yi) 6 Calculation of char xch,d(1  Xch) and the bed material removed from the bed (entrainment or extraction) Then xc,da and xash,da are calculated Determination ... heights, m madd,b mass of additive/inert in the reactor, kg mc,p mass of carbon in a char particle, kg mc,b mass of carbon in the reactor, kg mch,b mass of char (carbon and fuel ash) in the reactor,

Ngày tải lên: 29/07/2016, 15:39

... sampled manually in a gas sampling bag (Cali-5-bond) and ana-lysed off-line in a parallel FID and TCD detection GC-system 2.4 Tars measurement Tars can be divided into heavy tars and light tars Heavy ... char combustion and the bed material circulation The bed material circulation rate can control the temperature balance, and is an important parameter to be considered in the gasifier design and ... gasification temper-ature and bed material circulation rate, are important parameters in determining the syngas composition and tar content The required heat for biomass steam gasification is maintained

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2016, 09:30

... experimental and modeling work was conducted by Janajreh and Al Shrah[18]on a small scale batch type downdraft gasifier A near steady state was observed to appear after approxi-mately 15 min of operating ... two main categories:fixed bed and fluidized bed gasifier Fluidized bed reactors operate with afluidized mixture of biomass and a bed material (inert sand or catalyst); they are usually used for large ... dimensional numerical model to simulate the gasification of a biochar packed bed in dynamic and steady states The model is based on mass and energy balances and the chemical kinetics with an exponential

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2016, 09:31

... disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain Trang 2 Kristin Kersta, Christoph Roloa, Lus G Medeiros de Souzaa, Antje Bartzc, Andreas Seidel-Morgensternb,c, Dominique Thevenina, Gabor Janigaa, ... crystals For the validation experiments mea-in Setup 2, 100 000 particles are mea-injected mea-in reality, and this number is retamea-ined mea-in the CFD-DEM simulations, as well All further parameters ... the asparagine crystals in Setup 1. 3 Validation of the CFD-DEM Simulation Model Trang 19Figure 7: Left: Model crystallizer column for validation; right: target for camera calibration.The Shadowgraphy

Ngày tải lên: 19/11/2022, 11:43

... Trang 1Mixing Behavior of Binary Polymer Particles in Bubbling Fluidized Bed S.M Tasirin, S.K Kamarudin* and A.M.A Hweage Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan ... mixture as a measure of the quality of the mixture Thus a low standard deviation indicates a narrow spread in composition of samples and therefore predicts a good mixing The sample variance, S ... distribution analysis was carried out using sieve (Testmate, Malaysia) with apertures of 4750, 4000, 3350, 2800 and 2360 µm The arithmetic mean of the adjacent sieves, and the mean particle size, of the

Ngày tải lên: 07/08/2014, 14:20

... A vertex a of an essential rectangle A ⊆ R is called a source (with respect to A) if the two line segments on the boundary of A that start from a are oriented away from a In addition, let q(A) ... case that f is the endpoint of a horizontal isolated chord as indicated in the left hand side of Fig 13 Then f is not a source for any of the rectangles A1 and A2 The right hand side of the same ... orientation of the boundary of R First, we need some additional notation The vertices of basic rectangles that are either in the interior of P or concave vertices of P are called intersection Trang

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:20

... predawn water potential of needles Further confirmation of a lack of alteration of hydraulic con-ductivity in lifted seedlings could be drawn by concomitant water potential and gas exchange measurements ... throughdecreased stomatal conductance and increased allocation of N As a consequence, C assimilation, carbohydrate concentration, and N availability for new growing components were decreased in lifted ... generated by horticultural practices can increase strongly risks of degradation of water potential and C and N acquisition on the site of installation, and compromise success-ful plantation establishment

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 01:22

... Volumetric Modulated Arc Radiosurgery for Treatment of Multiple Brain Metastases Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010, 76(1):296-302. 20 Haga A, Nakagawa K, Shiraishi K, Itoh S, Terahara A, Yamashita H, Ohtomo ... irradiated patients: a treatment planning comparison study Radiat Oncol 2009, 4:34. 9 Lagerwaard FJ, van der Hoorn EA, Verbakel WF, Haasbeek CJ, Slotman BJ, Senan S: Whole-brain radiotherapy ... vertebral metastases single arc VMAT led to similar plan quality as compared to IMRT For treatment of the hypopharynx/larynx cancer, a second arc was necessary to achieve sufficient plan quality

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 09:20

... siRNA120a and siRNA126a treat-ment will only enrich those recombinants containing upstream env (C1) of v126-D and downstream env (gp41) of v120-A, which can escape siRNA targeting and degradation ... escape from dual siRNA inhibition in this system may involve mutations at the siRNA target sequence rather than escape through recombination As described earlier, after 2 rounds of dual siRNA ... v126-D/v120-A recombinants after an initial dual infection and then propagation with siRNAs During the initial dual infection (panel A), v120-A and v126-D are produced from monoinfected cells while a co-infected

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 01:20