household energy consumption and expenditures

... calculating the energy demands for heating and cooling and the it is concluded that the heating energy requirements during the decade 1993-2002 were decreased, as compared to the energy demands of the ... indicator and the basis for calculations of heating and cooling energy demand [1] or for estimating bin data and heating and cooling degree-days at any base [2, 10, 11] Table 1 shows the monthly and ... NERGY AND E NVIRONMENTVolume 4, Issue 1, 2013 pp.59-72 Journal homepage: www.IJEE.IEEFoundation.org Changes of temperature data for energy studies over time and their impact on energy consumption

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 16:10

... industrial and residential energy consumption to real GDP, and no causality between transport energy consumption and real GDP The energy policy implication from these findings focused on the demand ... bi-directional feedback between energy consumption and economic growth (reject A and B), and (c) energy consumption and economic growth are independent (do not reject A and B) According to Mehrara ... testing approach and figured out the same direction of causality between energy consumption and economic growth Altinaya and Karagol (2004) detected causality between the GDP and energy consumption

Ngày tải lên: 27/05/2014, 22:53

... approximation to the energy consumption, in CRS [8] and OCND [9], energy models which consider data-receiving energy are extended On the other hand, the energy model of ECTC [10] considers the energy consumed ... where ϕ0= α 0+α 1+βd t l and μ = glAl 0 and μ represent the energy consumed for data processing, transmitting, and receiving an l bits message, and the total energy consumption by the cluster-heads ... the energy consumed for data processing, transmitting, and receiv-ing an l2bits message over the radio range (R) 4.1.4 Total energy consumption in the network In Equation 3, we showed that the energy

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 22:20

... energy consumption, we also need to consider the energy consumption of the wireless device circuit, the energy consumption (P ETX) of other parts, and the wireless card amplifier energy consumption ... energy emission and consumption for IEEE 802.15.4 and present the results in Figures3(c)and 3(e) The power trade-off for IEEE 802.15.4 with different packet-sizes is presented in Figures 3(d) and ... 2: The PDR-table and expected energy emission and consumption for IEEE 802.11 Trang 5larger transmission power levels From Figures2(c)and3(c),we can see that given a data rate and packet-size,

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... of Energy Efficiency (OEE) of Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) of Canada, Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority (EECA) of New Zealand, and the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy ... the term of energy efficiency and energy intensity can be used interchangeably, energy intensity is the indicator often tabulated to track energy efficiency trends Replacing the energy consumption ... unit of energy consumption, reveals the relationship between CO2 emissions and energy consumption A decrease in this ratio indicates that the energy portfolio has shifted towards cleaner energy

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:13

... Trang 7Summary Energy consumption is now becoming more and more critical due to climate change and rising energy price Unlike energy use in industrial or commercial sectors, where energy is managed ... scores and actual electricity consumption; Quality of Life aspects are factored analyzed and regression models for behavior scores and electricity consumption are tested; and finally analyze households’ ... other always cook and eat at home That leads to more direct energy consumed in the latter family and uncertain influence on households’ total energy consumption If only direct energy is considered,

Ngày tải lên: 26/09/2015, 10:13

... CO2emissions, energy consumption and real income for Denmark, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Portugal and Switzerland The EKC was satisfied just in the cases of Denmark and Italy Ang[24]and Zhang and ... emis-sions, energy consumption and economic growth in all the countries with positive and statistically significant relationship between carbon emissions and energy consumption in both short and long-run ... pollution and income per capita However related empirical studies are inconclusive Although Shafik and Bandyo-padhyay[1], Seldon and Song[2], Unruh and Moomaw[3], Galeotti and Lanza[4], Dinda and Coondoo[5]and

Ngày tải lên: 19/09/2018, 17:04

... and no causal relationship between the energy consumption and growth (Yu and Jin, 1992 and Cheng, 1996), and bidirectional relationship between the two (Glasure and Lee, 1995, 1996 and Paul and ... found that per capita GDP and per capita energy consumption are cointegrated and the growth of GDP and growth of energy consumption had two-way short-run, long-run and strong causality when he ... Yu and Jin (1992), Cheng (1996), Paul and Bhattacharya (2004) and Pirlogea and Cicea (2012) Glasure and Lee added wages and energy prices in their model in 1995 After that, real money supply and

Ngày tải lên: 29/11/2018, 23:54

... nonrenewable and renewable energy consumption) and one output (GDP) to analyze the effects of nonrenewable and renewable energy consumption on GDP, the relationship between two sources of energy, and ... Definition and classification of energy 6 2.1.1 Energy definition 6 2.1.2 Energy classification 7 2.1.2.1 Nonrenewable energy 7 2.1.2.2 Renewable energy 8 2.2 Energy consumption and growth ... of energy consumption in OECD countries 29 4.2.2 Renewable energy consumption versus nonrenewable and total energy consumption 32 4.3 Energy supply in OECD countries 33 4.3.1 Overview of energy

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2019, 00:08

... understand thefluctuations in energy use and output growth we present a graph of the growth rates of output and energy consumption inFig 1below As can be seen fromFig 1, energy consumption and output ... example,Kraft and Kraft (1978), Akarca and Long (1979, 1980), Yu and Hwank (1984), Abosedra and Baghestani (1989),Yu and Choi (1985),Erol and Yu (1987),Masih and Masih (1996),Cheng and Lai (1997),Ang ... between energy consumption and economic growth in Turkey Several authors have examined energy consumption and economic growth nexus and reported conflicting results in the case of Turkey.Soytaş and

Ngày tải lên: 26/09/2019, 09:31

... energy consumption and a bi-directional long- and short-run causality between energy consumption and output Nadeem and Munir (2016) investigated the relationship between energy consumption and economic ... (Glasure and Lee, 1998, for South Korea and Singapore; Asafu-Adjaye, 2000, for Thailand and Philippines; Fatai et al., 2004, for Thailand and Philippines; Morimoto and Hope, 2004, for Sri Lanka; Oh and ... Ambapour and Massamba, 2005, for Congo; Keppler, 2007, for India); energy-growth (Energy→GDP), implying that causality moves from energy consumption to economic growth, that is, increasing energy consumption

Ngày tải lên: 15/05/2020, 02:00

... energy consumption and economic growth Over the past four decades, the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth was an interesting topic for researchers and policymakers Energy ... identify Density and a tendency to contribute to each element of integration and energy consumption into the gross domestic product Thus, the planning of integration strategies and energy security ... countries Moreover, energy impacts both the total supply and the total demand in the economy The directions that Trang 12the causal relationship between energy consumption and economic growth

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2021, 21:32

... employment and energy consumption and between total employment and energy consumption.Bidirectional causality between GDP and energy consumption.2002 1960-1996 Energy consumption, real GDP and price ... employment and energy consumption and between total employment and energy consumption.Bidirectional causality between GDP and energy consumption.2002 1960-1996 Energy consumption, real GDP and price ... among energy consumption, the capital stock and economic growthEnergy consumption and economic growthBidirectional relationship between the energy consumption and economic growth1998 1955-1991 Energy

Ngày tải lên: 15/10/2022, 10:53

... climatic factors to energy consumption and economic growth From a new perspective, this paper attempts to adopt the DEA method to analyze input and output condition of energy consumption and economic ... China’s energy consumption and economic development, data envelopment analysis (DEA) can be better to avoid the two previous problems On the one hand, DEA method can one-on-one depict energy consumption ... short-term climate change is sensitive to energy consumption and economic development Conversely, short-term climate change will also have impact on energy consumption and economic development For example,

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2022, 09:28

... local and regional energy consumption According to the Beijing Statistical Yearbooks (2004–2013), the total annual energy consumption of Beijing increased from 46.482 million tons of SCE (Standard ... ACY, ACE, FLO, PHE, FLA and PYR; 0.01 for ANT, CHR and BghiP; 0.1 for BaA, BbF, BkF and IcdP; and 1 for BaP and DahA57 In China, the existing Environmental Quality Standards for Soils (GB15618-1995) ... informative indicator of Beijing’s energy consumption and overall environmental quality. Rapid economic and urban growth in developing countries has degraded air quality and perhaps increased human

Ngày tải lên: 04/12/2022, 15:59

... si cdeg jg hg 4.2.2 Renewable energy consumption versus nonrenewable and total energy consumption In overall, the consumption of total energy and each source of energy tended to increase during ... renewable energy consumption and GDP, showing a positive relationship between GDP and the consumption of both energy sources. Figure 5.1: Correlation between GDP and nonrenewable, renewable energy consumption ... energy consumption and economic growth often employs cointegration analysis and Granger causality tests within an expanded production model that includes capital, labor, energy consumption, and

Ngày tải lên: 28/07/2023, 16:13

... during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas flaring In final energy consumption) which is the share of renewables energy in total final energy consumption Trang 203.2.3 Control variablesA ... considerably to the emissions, renewable energy consumption, and ICT on economic growth The link between CO2 emissions, GDP, ICT (mobile and internet use), and energy consumption from 1990 to 2015 was examined ... differentiate nonrenewable and renewable energy when investigating the effect of FD1 on energy consumption It was found in the study by Doytch and Furthermore, according to Mielnik and Goldemberg (2002),

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2025, 06:11

... scaling up household energy interventions • Strengthening of government, multi/bilateral and international agency awareness of the links between household energy, health and development, and their ... biomass and coal-burning for household energy needs such as cooking and heating, putting women and children at increased risk of diseases such as pneumonia, chronic respiratory disease and lung ... human and animal health. 14 | Addressing the Impact of Household Energy and Indoor Air Pollution on the Health of the Poor Implications for Policy Action and Intervention Measures 6.3 Scaling up and...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... World Energy Assessment report: Energy and the Challenge of Sustainability” which highlighted the problem of household energy and human health. (5) (1) Smith KR. Biofuels, air pollution, and ... air pollution and household energy use; • interventions to reduce exposure and improve the health of the poor; and • policies and strategies that contribute to sustainable economic and social development. 2. ... relating to the supply and uptake of cleaner household energy for the poor. • Develop and assess appropriate means for conveying information on health risks and inter- ventions to households. Addressing...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 16:20

... is expressed on a unit mass basis and rate form as and where P/r is the flow energy, V 2 /2 is the kinetic energy, and gz is the potential energy of the fluid per unit mass. Energy can cross the boundaries ... The tank is stationary and thus the kinetic and potential energy changes are zero, ⌬KE ϭ⌬PE ϭ 0. Therefore, ⌬E ϭ⌬U and internal energy is the only form of the system’s energy that may change ... in motion and thus possess kinetic energy. Heat is then defined as the energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Although it was suggested in the eighteenth and early nineteenth...

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2014, 15:19