hardness results for approximation algorithms

... 1New Approximation Algorithms for Minimum Weighted Edge CoverS M Ferdous∗ Alex Pothen† Arif Khan‡ Abstract We describe two new 3/2-approximation algorithms and a new 2-approximation algorithm for ... avoided by other algorithms for K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm is 2, a better choice for sparsification could be other edge cover algorithms with an approximation ratio of 3/2; algorithms that lead ... the Lagrangian bound for different algorithms The third through the fifth columns list the 3/2-approximation algorithms, and the last two columns list the 2-approximation algorithms The lower

Ngày tải lên: 27/03/2023, 11:25

... convergence 2.1 Approximation Algorithms for Matching The approximation rithms that we develop for b-Matching have their counterparts for Matching, so algo-we review the algorithms for the latter ... discuss approximation algorithms with better approximation ratios than half.Randomized algorithms that have approximation ratio of 2/3 − ǫ for small positivevalues of ǫ have been designed These algorithms ... quality and speed ofthe half-approximation algorithms, algorithms with better approximation ratios arenot usually competitive for weighted matching Considering parallel algorithms, several variants

Ngày tải lên: 27/03/2023, 13:36

... the Federal Reserve by either late December (for forms containing detailed loan and securities portfolio Trang 22information) or early January (for forms containing BHC-derived estimates) [footnote] ... information about both the results of the stress scenario projections and the methodology will provide useful context for market participants, analysts, academics, and others to interpret the results ... and for individual BHCs The final part of the section then reports projections of pre-provision net revenue and net income These results are presented both in the aggregate for the 19 BHCs and for

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 09:20

... the article as it appeared upon acceptance Fully formattedPDF and full text (HTML) versions will be made available soon Fixed point-type results for a class of extended cyclic self-mappings under ... upon acceptance It can be downloaded, printed and distributed freely for any purposes (see copyright notice below) For information about publishing your research in Fixed Point Theory and Applications ... composed self-mappings T2:A∪B→A∪B converge is proven in [14] for the extension of the contractive principle for cyclic self-mappings in uniformly convex Banach spaces (then being strictly convex and

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... basic formulas for p-adic q-Bernoulli, p-adic q-Euler numbers and polynomials which will be used to prove the main results of this article Let U D(Z p , C p) denote the space of all uniformly ... upon acceptance It can be downloaded, printed and distributed freely for any purposes (see copyright notice below). For information about publishing your research in Advances in Difference Equations ... num-bers, and polynomials We shall provide some basic formulas for the q-Bernoulli and q-Euler polynomials which will be used to prove the main results of this article. Trang 4In Section 4, we construct

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... (1988) for small towns to be US$ 150-300 per capita for conventional sewerage and US$ 80-150 per capita for simplified, small-bore sewerage (Bakalian, 1994) It is common in developing countries for ... plant to account for low peak flows In addition, a more constant and concentrated sewage is fed to the treatment plant which favours reliable and consistent process performance Therefore, even in ... countries) for primary, secondary and tertiary treatment of domestic wastewater Table 3.9 provides a comparison of the unit construction costs for on-site and off-site sanitation for different

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... diluted in surface or groundwaters before it is collected and treated for human consumption In many developing countries unplanned, indirect potable reuse is performed on a large scale, when cities ... reclaimed wastewater for recreation and landscape enhancement ranges from small fountains and landscaped areas to full, water-based recreational sites for swimming, boating and fishing As for other types ... alternative reuse proposals • The level of appreciation of the scope for establishing a forest resource Box 4.1 Framework for the analysis of wastewater irrigation projects Nature of the problem

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... was developed for localised irrigation of tree crops, avoids the needs for small orifices This system requires, therefore, less treatment of the wastewater but needs careful setting for successful ... spontaneously used, particularly for agricultural or aquacultural purposes Unfortunately, this form of unplanned and, in many instances unconscious, reuse is performed without any consideration ... 4.4.5 Integrated measures for health protection To planners and decision makers, wastewater treatment appears as a more straightforward and "visible" measure for health protection, second

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... accumulated for enforcement can be used positively to judge whether the investment was sufficient and the designs of the plants, for example, were correct Assessment of compliance can also be used for forward ... pollution can result from forestry operations has resulted in the issue of a similar code of practice for forestry operations known as "Forests and Water Guidelines" (Foresty Commission, 1991) ... of formulations of insecticides, herbicides and fungicides in common use and, therefore, the potential for water pollution is very high There are also very stringent limits for water used for

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... the need for large amounts of information to assess the fees to be charged: • Households and small industrial polluters producing less than 10 pollution equivalents (pe) are not charged for the ... methods, personnel) for monitoring discharges • Inadequate equipment and expertise of inspection personnel responsible for identifying and punishing violators • Inability to enforce the collection ... below-market financing for pollution control efforts by local, mostly small and medium size enterprises The loans are financed by proceeds from waste discharge fees The basic fee is charged for releases

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... quality they wish to pay for, and on the distribution of responsibility for paying for the necessary treatment and water quality management activities • The nation, for the achievement of broader ... therefore, "externalities" from the point of view of the household Willingness-to-pay studies (see, for example, Ducci (1991)) have shown consistently that households are willing to pay for ... may be defined, as illustrated in Figure 7.5 For each level, the demand for sanitation services must be understood, and each social unit should pay for the direct service benefits it receives

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... government with respect to their support for achieving national goals • Preventing monopoly and cartel formation Recent European Union (EU) legislation forbids cartel formation and attempts to break ... effort necessitates setting up a devoted organisation for a specific time period (see for example Case Study I, India, and section 8.5.5 for Aquafin in Belgium) 8.4.2 Scale and scope of organisations ... in Indonesia (for the urban areas), Colombia, Argentina, and most West African and Western European countries The executive functions for large infrastructure development, and for its management,

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... Monitoring • Enforcement of legislation • Training and information dissemination In many countries, no comprehensive and coherent policy and legislation exists for water pollution control or for environmental ... should be considered The needs for training staff and for human resources development to enhance management performance should also be identified and plans made for initiation of this development ... appropriate interventions to cope with the problems For every problem identified, therefore, an assessment should be made of the most appropriate means for intervention Furthermore, an indication should

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... and nature of the pollution • A more rational plan for the use of the resources of the Ganga for agriculture, animal husbandry, fisheries, forests, etc • The demographic, cultural and human ... warranted The causative factors responsible for these situations were targeted for swift and effective control measures This strategy was adopted for urgent implementation during the first phase ... treated sewage for irrigation, and rehabilitation of turtles Some of the ongoing research projects include land application of untreated sewage for tree plantations, aquaculture for sewage treatment,

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 16:20

... using labeled seed data We refer the reader to Abney (2007) for more details Hardness of Viterbi Training We now describe hardness results for Problem We first note that the following problem is known ... using algorithms like EM, so this gives a hardness result for optimizing the objective function of EM for PCFGs Day (1983) previously showed that maximizing the marginalized likelihood for hidden ... hard Perhaps there is an efficient approximation algorithm for ViterbiTrain we could use instead of coordinate ascent algorithms such as Viterbi EM Recall that such algorithms main guarantee is identifying...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 00:20

... fixed points from the set of best approximations We also establish common fixed point and approximation results for the newly defined class of Banach operator pairs Our results extend and unify the ... improved the above-mentioned results; details on the subject may be found in 17, 18 For applications of fixed point results of nonlinear mappings in simultaneous best approximation theory and Fixed ... invariant approximation Singh 11 , Sahab et al 12 , and Jungck and Sessa 13 proved similar results in best approximation theory Recently, Hussain and Khan have proved more general invariant approximation...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 11:20

... to find approximation algorithms for these problems, and this is the goal of our paper In Section 2, we extend the optimum matching algorithms to these problems to obtain approximation algorithms, ... analyze these algorithms Section provides experimental results and comparisons with other algorithms, for example, the random search algorithm Section shows that in some sense these approximations ... 1000 approximation solutions obtained by the algorithms Method Random Greedy Algorithm A1 Mean 405 218 60 Standard Deviation 26 18 6.6 Comparison results for minimum 3-cliques G He et al., Approximation...

Ngày tải lên: 16/06/2016, 01:33

... enough An algorithm that returns near-optimal solutions is called an approximation algorithm Performance bounds for approximation algorithms      i is an optimization problem instance c(i) be ... Outline     Why approximation algorithms? The vertex cover problem The set cover problem TSP Why Approximation Algorithms ?     Many problems of practical ... optimal solution For minimization problem, we want c(i)/c*(i) to be as small as possible For maximization problem, we want c*(i)/c(i) to be as small as possible An approximation algorithm for the given...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 13:15

... student test results are reported for each assessment program for each administration Results for students using allowable accommodations are aggregated with the test results for all students Results ... reports for three years (1999-2001) for fourth grade reading and science These reports summarized performance with the same sorts of bands used for KIRIS results Results are reported for a variety ... Accommodating, and Reporting Results for Students with Special Needs As stated earlier, one objective for the workshop was to learn more about states’ policies for reporting results of accommodated...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 09:20

... same standards for voluntary information as for mandatory information There seems to be less space for more subjective information (e.g., using indicator models with indicators for softer aspects ... Hurdles for the Voluntary Disclosure of Information on Intangibles Hurdles for the Voluntary Disclosure of Information on Intangibles – Empirical Results for “New Economy” Industries ... indicates that information on external factors for segments is not disclosed at all (Figure 21) Limited qualitative information can be found for all competition related factors and for information on...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 01:20