government debt in the scandinavian countries 1988 95

... state debt combined American local governments were leaders in infrastructure and education investments They played a key role in financing the emergence of a modern indus-trial economy in the ... discipline local government borrowers The institutional changes that followed in the 20th century, several of them originating in the national government, are not directed at the behavior of local governments ... of the process of creating and structuring local governments Second, in principle, every municipal charter would be exactly the same within a state—the charter is included in the general incorporation

Ngày tải lên: 30/08/2016, 10:19

... sustained in future with a certain upper level Trang 28constraint on the debt-to- GNP ratio In particular, the following points are worthy of note: - ● the change in the outstanding public debt ... and other related expenses arising from the borrowing Trang 19• Debt refinancing means new borrowing to pay one or many existing debts • Debt restructuring means the performance of operations in ... issued in the name of the State or the Government or loan signed or issued by or under the authorization of the Ministry of Finance under law Government debts do not include debts issued by the

Ngày tải lên: 02/06/2017, 11:32

... meaning of the words in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution.Interpreting the Constitution in that fashion delimits the power of the federal government and enhancesthe power of the states There ... complain, the real friends of the measures of the lateadministration [including Monroe's scheduled debt elimination] or the State right party… The realsupporters of the measures of the late administration ... 37than any other, troubled a growing number of legislators and their constituents: the status of thenational debt.The debt question permeated the proceedings of the nineteenth Congress In the House

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2018, 13:59

... characterizetherecenttrendsregardingLICsdomesticpublicdebtandexploretherelevanceofdifferentargumentsputforwardonthebenefitsand costsofgovernmentborrowinginlocalpublicdebtmarkets.Themainstylizedfactemergingfromthedataistheincreaseindomesticgovernment ... costsofgovernmentborrowinginlocalpublicdebtmarkets.Themainstylizedfactemergingfromthedataistheincreaseindomesticgovernment debtsince1996.Wealsoobservethatpoorcountrieshavebeenabletoincreasetheshareoflong-terminstrumentsovertimeandthatthematurity lengtheningwenttogetherwithadecreaseinborrowingcosts.However,theconcentrationoftheinvestorbase,mainlydominatedbycommercial ... liabilities in the domestic debt that accrue interests the same year in which they are issued Other studies use the current debt stock as denominator ( Christensen, 2005 ) or the previous debt stock

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2018, 11:03

... Connection with information sharing and bank penetration 2.2.1 Information sharing and bank penetration in financial system Information sharing in financial development indicates the exchange in data ... pay tax for their underreported income They are also warned Trang 24about the probability of being audited In case they successfully hide their income, they save money Otherwise, they have to ... major problem as government could be deep in debt while finding the way to finance national expenditures at all government levels The need of an independent research to provide the governments with

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2018, 23:44

... inhabitants ofthe peninsula, they were the first to leave a record of themselves and theirneighbors The Illyrians were probably the first inhabitants of the peninsula.They settled mainly on the western ... “withering away the state.” It wouldseem that a similar principle is contemplated, and is slowly creeping into,the economic reforms practiced by other countries in the area, in the formof easing ... Lord Byron, the Greeks achieved their inde-pendence.14 The pressure by the Russians against the Ottomans in theCaucasus and in Balkania, and the help of the European fleet at Navarino in 1827, were

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2020, 10:13

... financial or other information Barth and al (1995) [1] have shown that the accounting manipulation increases the equity and the net income volatility without affecting the risk premium of investors ... Spring Revolution as well as to explain them in terms of factors emerging from the capital requirement theory in banks of MENA countries Section 3 will present the main empirical results The ... will help them to change the minds of investors by trying to show them the bank's financial situation good side leading to asymmetry information between shareholders and managers Theatrically,

Ngày tải lên: 01/02/2020, 21:52

... the thyroid cancer incidence is increasing Discussion Main results The main finding of this register based study was an in-creasing incidence of thyroid cancer in Sweden during the whole study period ... significant in-crease in incidence was found for papillary thyroid can-cer, the type that is caused mainly by radiation [16] The increase was seen in both men and women, in the latter with a joinpoint in ... groups, the highest APC was found in the age group of 20–39 dur-ing 2006–2013 Figure 2 shows the results for that age group with a joinpoint in 2006 Table 2 shows the results for men The incidence increased

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2020, 01:41

... consultants, institutions, universities and research institutes located in the same country and/or in Europe, in EFTA Countries, in EE-CC, in the United States, in China, India, and in other countries These ... examined the effect of knowledge on firm innovation distinguishing the innovation in products and processes, considering initially the Baltic countries as a whole economy and then observing this ... than the other two countries, has a GDP per capita the same as Estonia (Poissonier, 2017) The great recession beginning in 2007 in the USA influenced all three Countries, although Latvia was the

Ngày tải lên: 05/11/2020, 04:29

... development.PolicyimplicationsOn the ground ofthe aboveempirical findings, policyimplications arethen drawnf o r thedevelopinggovernmentsingeneralincludingtheGovernmentofVietna m.Eacho f thesepolicyimplicationsisdiscussedinturnbelow. ... isrelieved.Ontheotherhand,olderfirmshavecertainreputationw hichpowersuptheirbrandvalue.Iftheydecidenottocomplywithtax,incaseofbeingcaught, theywilllosenotonlythevalueoftaxandfines,butalsothedropintheirbrandvaluewhichse ... classifies countries into developing categories based on their income levels Low-income countries are defined as those with a per capita income of $1,045 or less Middle-income countries are further

Ngày tải lên: 21/10/2022, 22:02

... by the federal government Dispensing, buying, and selling student debt became, in the words of Obama, a “sweetheart deal” for private lenders (Branigin 2010) The easy money involved in the financialization ... for them as they more fully comprehend the burden of their loans or of the loans their parents have taken for them They find ways to reduce spending even when their friends continue to splurge In ... engage in some other form of formal training (Mitchell 2016) Amidst rising tuition and diminishing government aid, the cruelly optimistic double bind of educational debt is changing the university

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2022, 00:44

... composition of international debt The examination of the IMF-induced moral hazard hypothesis is a key component in the debate on international financial architecture reforms Alternatives to the large-scale ... supporting Russia’s government after the 1998 crisis the IMF sent a signal to Trang 5international financial markets that lenders will not be bailed out, resulting in an increase in the level and the ... Hypothesis The hypothesis of interest is whether IMF lending induces moral hazard that takes the form less short-term debt flows relative to total debt flows We test for the presence of IMF lending

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2022, 14:10

... version 3.0 (Biostat Inc., 2014) The point estimate and 95 percent confidence interval (95% CI) for the combined studies under the ran-dom-effects model was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.3-3.4) These values were ... estimates in the pre-sent study constitute the best currently available basis for policymaking and plan-ning in the Nordic countries The system-atic nature of this research, the large num-ber of included ... statistic and the I 2 index were used to assess the heteroge-neity of the prevalences Furthermore, in order to identify mod-erator variables that could explain the variance in the overall prevalence

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2022, 15:01

... women born in 1968 will remain without children by the end of their childbearing periods than in the older cohorts in Finland and in Norway The rather marked continuing trend of increasing childlessness ... Cohorts born in the 1940s and mainly in the 1950 s, increasingly postponed child-bearing, i e their fertility was relatively low while they were in their early to mid-twenties and high when in their ... continue its decline in the Nordic countries among the cohorts of the 1950 s For instance, the total cohort fertility rate in Denmark was identical for the 1950 -51 and 1960-61 birth cohorts; in...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 12:20

... realistic and safe training inside laboratories before indulging in the real-life field training Developments in Nursing Sciences & Research: The nursing research is highly important in the improvement ... impact on the applications of informatics Also the developments in digital technology lead to increasing interest in telemedicine applications As for the nursing staff in the 21st century, they are ... NURSING Introduction The most important elements in development of the nursing profession both on the Arabic and the international levels are the university nursing education and the proper training...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 14:20

... further investigation and result in revision of accreditation Similar developments may be seen in the other countries The general audit methodology in the Nordic countries is based on the principles ... mandates The chairs of the panels have special obligations besides chairing meetings These include the preparation of the site visit, in some cases a pre-meeting with the management of the institution, ... part in the site visits and take notes at the meetings as secretaries of the panel Institutions choose their representatives for the site visit meetings on the basis of the instructions, the audit...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 22:20

... Inspection Group in the Government Inspectorate Establishing Inspection Group in the Ministries and sectors Government Inspectorate group conducts inspection Conducting inspection in the Ministries ... Realizing renovation in the following direction: Enhancing activeness; coordinating in inspection; renovating the method of inspection; establishing and accomplishing the large-scaled inspection ... inspection by the Government Inspectorate in the implementation of social policies Determining the content of inspection Approving the content of inspection by the leaders of the Government Inspectorate...

Ngày tải lên: 19/07/2014, 08:52

... to the next, but also differences in shape, that is, in the appearance of the crown The analysis of variance, applied to the original observations and to the indexes, allowed us to refute - in ... most of the cases - the hypotheses of equality of clone means, sites and interaction effects The results are reported in table II The main results related to the proposed indexes are shown in table ... with the discriminating factors being the clone and the location, respectively It was expected that the highest discriminant power would be found when the genotype was used as discriminating factor,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:22

... protein in the rumen, which dissociate at low pH in the abomasum to release more protein for metabolism in the small intestine of ruminants – in other words, ”natures protected protein.” This indirectly ... (Poisoning with plants leading to haemolytical anaemia and/or methemoglobinaemi In: Poisonous plants and plant poisoning in animals in Rogaland) Rogaland Veterinærforenings seminar på Utstein Kloster ... synthetic analogues (e.g nicotine sulphate) were commonly used as anti-nematode preparations in ruminant livestock up until the advent of the modern broad spectrum anthelmintics in the mid 1950 s...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 15:20

... Chapter looks at the scope and size of the fringe economy and the characteristics of its customers It then examines the major players in the fringe economy, including mainstream financial institutions ... and get out of debt Unfortunately, the first message appears to be the most compelling If the getting-into -debt industry is growing, the getting-out-of -debt industry is following closely on its ... especially since real incomes were rising and the numbers of people in poverty were dropping Nonetheless, many factors came together to foster the phenomenal growth of the fringe economy, including the...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2014, 17:12