free water surface constructed wetlands

... 12LIST OF ABBREVIATIONSFWS-CWs Free water surface constructed wetlands HSSF-CWs Horizontal sub-surface flow constructed wetlands SSF-CWs Sub-surface flow constructed wetlands Trang 13According to ... By the flow model, CWs can be classifiedinto two types: Free water surface constructed wetlands (FWS-CWs) and sub-surface flow constructed wetlands (SSF-CWs) (Vu, 2012) In addition, there iscombining ... performance, the horizontal subsurface flow CWs(HSSF-CWs) were found to be more efficient than other types of CWs, such asvertical subsurface flow CWs (VSSF-CWs), free water surface CWs (FWS-CWs)(Arun,2019)...

Ngày tải lên: 27/10/2020, 19:57

... the flow model, CWs can be classified into two types: Free water surface constructed wetlands (FWS-CWs) and sub-surface flow constructed wetlands (SSF-CWs) (Vu, 2012) In addition, there is combining ... treating wastewaters (Vymazal, 2010).CWs have been applied to treat wide range of wastewater types such as domestic wastewater, municipal sewage, leachate, industrial wastewater and rainwater (Vymazal, ... However, livestock wastewater is the most significant source of pollution This is a type of wastewater generated from livestock activities including urine, rinse water, and bathing water for cattle...

Ngày tải lên: 05/12/2022, 10:08

... filtered water back to the environment There are two basic designs for constructed wetlands whose primary purpose is wastewater treatment: subsurface-flow and surface-flow In the subsurface-flow wetlands ... of organic chemicals in constructed wetlands are rarely evaluated The results of a short literature survey are provided inTable 1 The majority of studies in constructed wetlands are orientated ... MTBE mineralization by microorganisms or poplar plants 3 Metabolic potentials of constructed wetlands Constructed wetlands may support a large spectrum of biogeo-chemical reactions and various...

Ngày tải lên: 28/03/2014, 19:20

... provided by natural wetlands but also by constructed wetlands Constructed wetlands utilize all natural processes (physical, physicochemical, biological) that occur in natural wetlands but do so ... (cm), maximum water level, relative to ground surface (cm), minimum water level, relative to ground surface (cm), the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile water level, rela-tive to ground surface (cm) ... (ed.), Natural and Constructed Wetlands, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-38927-1_1 Effects of Human Activity on the Processing of Nitrogen in Riparian Wetlands: Implications for Watershed Water Quality Denice...

Ngày tải lên: 14/05/2018, 12:40

... wastewater Ong et al., 2016 Constructed wetlands Secondary or tertiary treatment or activated sludge recycle 0.5 - 2 40-75 % landfill leachate Koiv et al., 2009a Trang 2920 Free surface water ... flow: Figure 1.5 The schematic surface flow constructed wetland (Almuktar et al., 2018) Free water surface flow (FWS) systems are designed similar to natural wetlands, they include an aquatic ... area requirement are also disadvantages of these systems Subsurface water flow (SSF) In subsurface flow (SSF) constructed wetlands, water come directly to media and is generally invisible (Vymazal,...

Ngày tải lên: 11/01/2020, 15:37

... removal from wastewater in treatment wetlands—A review Ecological Engineering, 37(1), 70-89 Vymazal, J (2005) Horizontal sub-surface flow and hybrid constructed wetlands systems for wastewater treatment ... swine wastewater treatment, constructed wetland has shown a promising technology Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been applied as a green technology to treat various kinds of wastewater This technology ... nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands Science of the total environment, 380(1-3), 48-65 Vymazal, J (2011) Plants used in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow: a review Hydrobiologia,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2020, 20:09

... two lower water level, especially at the water level of cm The effect of water level on the root growth was quite similar to that on P removal rate These results indicated that the water level ... I M (2007) Remediation technologies for soils and groundwater Reston, Virginia: ASCE Bodin, H (2013) Wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands: effects of vegetation, hydraulics and data analysis ... technology, 219, 778-781 Davis, L (1995) A guide to creating wetlands for agricultural wastewater, domestic wastewater, coal mine drainage and stormwater in the Mid-Atlantic Region 1, general considerations...

Ngày tải lên: 21/09/2020, 20:13

... removal from wastewater in treatment wetlands—A review Ecological Engineering, 37(1), 70-89 Vymazal, J (2005) Horizontal sub-surface flow and hybrid constructed wetlands systems for wastewater treatment ... swine wastewater treatment, constructed wetland has shown a promising technology Constructed wetlands (CWs) have been applied as a green technology to treat various kinds of wastewater This technology ... nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands Science of the total environment, 380(1-3), 48-65 Vymazal, J (2011) Plants used in constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow: a review Hydrobiologia,...

Ngày tải lên: 27/10/2020, 19:57

... two types: free water surface flow and subsurface flow (Almuktar et al, 2018) Figure 1.4 The classification of CWs used in wastewater treatments (Wu et al., 2015) Trang 33Free surface water flow:Figure ... water flow:Figure 1.5 The schematic surface flow constructed wetland (Almuktar et al., 2018).Free water surface flow (FWS) systems are designed similar to naturalwetlands, they include an aquatic ... area requirement are also disadvantages of these systems Subsurface water flow (SSF) In subsurface flow (SSF) constructed wetlands, water come directly to mediaand is generally invisible (Vymazal,...

Ngày tải lên: 27/10/2020, 19:58

... to classify CWs which are based on water level,direction of water (Vymazal, 2008) Based on CWs water levels are classified intocategories: Surface flow CWs, Subsurface flow CWs (VF-CWs, HF-CWs), ... phosphorus inwastewater The ability of macrophyte in phosphorus decontamination fromwastewater will be discussed thoroughly in other section of thesis.1.3 Constructed wetland for wastewater treatment ... polluted The wastewater from pig farmsincludes urine, wastewater from pig bathing and facilities cleaning A majority ofpig farms discharge directly the wastewater into surrounding water bodies, causingunpleasant...

Ngày tải lên: 27/10/2020, 19:58

... wastewater Ong et al., 2016 Constructed wetlands Secondary or tertiary treatment or activated sludge recycle 0.5 - 2 40-75 % landfill leachate Koiv et al., 2009a Trang 2920 Free surface water ... flow: Figure 1.5 The schematic surface flow constructed wetland (Almuktar et al., 2018) Free water surface flow (FWS) systems are designed similar to natural wetlands, they include an aquatic ... area requirement are also disadvantages of these systems Subsurface water flow (SSF) In subsurface flow (SSF) constructed wetlands, water come directly to media and is generally invisible (Vymazal,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/12/2020, 19:05

... effluent cannot achieve the discharge standard 1.2 Constructed Wetlands 1.2.1 Definition and classification of Constructed Wetlands Constructed wetlands (CWs) are artificial technology because ... schematic of classification constructed wetlands (Wu et al., 2015) 1.2.2 Nutrients removal by Hybrid Constructed Wetlands Vymazal (2013) has reported that hybrid constructed wetlands is the combination ... wastewater Table 1.4 External carbon source using in constructed wetlands Carbon source Wastewater type Removal efficiency (%) System Reference 71.9% NO3--N Horizontal subsurface flow constructed...

Ngày tải lên: 24/12/2020, 22:40

... (water cooled) 10—5A 10—5B Tubes require no shell, only end headers, usually long, water sprays over surface, sheds scales on outside tubes by expansion and contraction Can also be used in water ... cost and space 0.8—1.4 Pipe Coil 10—5A 10—5B Pipe coil for submersion in coil-box of water or sprayed with water is simplest type of exchanger Condensing, or relatively low heat loads on sensible ... Exchanger Bundle, 35; Tubesheet Layouts, 35; Tube Counts in Shells, 35; Exchanger Surface Area, 50; Effective Tube Surface, 51; Effective Tube Length for U-Tube Heat Exchangers, 51; Example 10-2...

Ngày tải lên: 02/04/2014, 16:02

... technology is described in more detail by Kletz (199Id) Table 2-5 Surface Compactness of Heat Exchangers8 Type of Exchanger Surface Compactness (rr^/m3) Shell and tube 70-500 Plate 120-225 up ... example: • Use water or steam as a heat transfer medium rather than flammable or combustible oils (Kharbanda and Stallworthy 1988; Kletz 199Id) • Use high flash point oils or molten salt if water or ... Alternatives to chlorine are available for water treatment and disinfection applications For example, sodium hypochlorite has been used both in industrial and municipal water treatment applications (Governale...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 03:15

... greater the chance of a fire hazard Fiothover: When water is present or enters a tank containing hot viscous oil, the sudden conversion of water to steam causes a portion of the tank contents ... these early stages, the process engineer has maximum degrees of freedom in the plant and process specification The engineer is free to consider basic process alternatives such as fundamental ... the wrong circumstances water can be an extremely hazardous chemical—thousands of people drown every year However, for the potential exposure scenarios in a chemical plant, water is clearly an inherently...

Ngày tải lên: 13/12/2013, 03:15

... when applied successfully, replaces the trial-and-error method in the search for vulnerability -free concepts It is the ultimate library of lessons learned TRIZ-based thinking for management tasks ... still could not see that the letter was received, so he called the postal service provider’s toll -free number and had a very professional and caring experience It is a shame they could not provide ... in a redesign environment We need to understand the key functional requirements (in a solution -free environment) that will fulfill stated or implied needs of both external and internal customers...

Ngày tải lên: 07/02/2013, 09:40

... results, theories New discoveries Professional ethics Scientific norms Publication Free, public goods Academic freedom For scientific achievements Academic degree Contribution to knowledge Continuous ... be resolved prior to the application of quantitative assessment in the conflicts and controversy free options and that would be more desirable and can result effective/efficient solution Thus, ... actors considered in the model are: • Business people • Government officers • Political people • Freelance Consultants • Scientists 4.3.3 Main Factors The procedure of getting the relative importance...

Ngày tải lên: 23/04/2013, 10:29

... software that people could use By free, Stallman meant free to use, change, and redistribute Stallman himself expanded on the movement he started by co-founding the Free Software Foundation in 1985 ... the free software movement by developing the GNU operating system, which incorporates many features of the UNIX operating system The goal of the GNU operating system was to develop a body of free ... a Finnish programmer, filled in this gap in 1991 by creating the free GNU kernel he called Linux Linux was released in 1991 as free, open-source software, which means that other programmers can...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2013, 22:49

... the soil freesurface, should be discretized However, in practice only a small region around the foundation has to be included in the model since there is a small effect of the free- surface far ... the image of two very light boats on the surface of the sea; one very small and the other equally light but large The first one would follow the free surface motion without any change in it; ... of a surface strip footing resting on a viscoelastic half-plane, half of the soil surface is discretized into 43 elements, ten of which are under the foundation (Figure 15) An amount of free- field...

Ngày tải lên: 17/08/2013, 11:30