fourth generation 4g systems and beyond

... leverage and expand related research in peer-to-peersystems, and corresponding development will mingle industry efforts in both peer-to-peercomputing and web services (see (Oreilly 2001) and (Gartner ... manu-facturers and network carriers, details architectural solutions for dealing with energyand bandwidth constrains, defines easier procedures for service configuration anddeployment, and provides ... Messages – SOAP and its ExtensionsSOAP and Web Services SOAP provides a simple and lightweight mechanism for exchanging structured and typedinformation between server requesters and service providers...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

... 2010 and beyond, there is time for 4G research and standards development So far, no 4G standard has been defined and only speculations have been made regarding the structure and operation of 4G systems ... Trends: Fourth Generation (4G) Systems and Beyond 6.1 Introduction By looking back to the history of wireless systems, one can reach the conclusion that the industry follows a ten-year cycle First generation ... next generation of mobile and wireless networks As already mentioned, 4G and future systems target the market of 2010 and beyond Since we cannot reliably foresee the state of telecommunications and...

Ngày tải lên: 29/09/2013, 21:20

... power bandwidth. Similarly, we can also define other percentage power bandwidths,suchas90 percentage power bandwidth, 50 percentage power bandwidth,and so on. After having defined the signal bandwidth, ... microwave relay systems, satellite, and terrestrial land mobile communications, and so on. Before defining a spread spectrum system, we would like to make sure that we understand what the spectrum ... the bandwidth of the sent information itself. An SS system, however, often takes a baseband signal (e.g., a voice channel) with a bandwidth of only a few kilohertz, and distributes it over a band...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... OCC-CDMA system, whereT d1 and T d2 denote downlink pilot burst duration and repeating period, respectively; and T u1 and T u2 stand for the uplink pilot burst duration and repeating period, respectively ... duration and repeating period beingT d1andT d2, respectively; and the uplinkchannel adopts interleaving data signal with the pilot bursts, whose duration and repeating periodareT u1 andT u2, ... being[0.9275,0.3710,0.0464] and interpath delay being four chips using EGC and MRC-RAKE receivers.Gold code length isN= 31 and generation polynomials are [0,0,1,0,1] and [1,0,1,1,1] for initial...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... frequency band; (2) At a handoff boundary and between frequency bands (assuming the mobilestation has multiband capability); (3) Within the same cell footprint and within a single frequencyband; and ... such that the handoffs could happen in the following different scenarios:(1) At a handoff boundary and within a single frequency band; (2) At a handoff boundary andbetween frequency bands (assuming ... same IPaddress and same PPP connection, therefore allowing a seamless handoff Handoffs from CDMA2000 1x to cdmaOne systems CDMA2000 supports the handoff of voice and data calls and other services...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... the baton handover concept, the system will support both intrafrequency and quency (in the TD-SCDMA system) handovers, and give higher accuracy and a shorter handover timeperiod for handovers inside ... scientific, and medical use, and these became known as the ISM bands; they are: (1) 902–928 MHz, a bandwidth of 26 MHz; (2) 2.4–2.4835 GHz, a bandwidth of 83.5 MHz, commonly called the 2.4-GHz band ; and ... Fast Ethernetand Gigabit Ethernet Thus, Ethernet dominated over other 802.3 LAN IEEE standards (the so-calledToken Ring and Token Bus) The 802.4 and 802.5 standards concern the PHY and MAC layers...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... standards (e.g., Wi-Fi/802.11, Bluetooth) and cellular standards(e.g., 3G, 4G, CDMA, and GSM) – which in turn has encouraged hybrid architectures and servicesand has discouraged innovation and ... Mbps, and upgrades to around 100 Mbps in WLANs Research and development efforts are now focused on the next generation of wireless technology – referred to as 4G or B3G (for beyond 3G). These systems ... higher data throughput and support for a great number of users will result in a shift to higher and less-congested frequency bands, for example the 5-GHz band, and widerbandwidths (20–100 MHz)...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... controller, and a pseudorandomsequences generator Obviously, in such a TH-UWB system, the data is sent in bursts and transmissiontime is controlled by the pseudorandom sequences generator Understandably, ... metropolitan area networks (WMANs) as IEEE 802.16 standards, WPANs as IEEE 802.15standards, and so on It is noted that IEEE 802.15.4.a is emerging as the standard for low-data-ratetransmission The FCC ... Boudaker and Letaief [684] outlined the attractive features of DS-UWB multiple access systemsemploying antipodal signaling and compared it with the TH scheme An appropriate DS-UWB trans-mitter and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... U-NII band or the ISM band, it is called a Licensed Band Cognitive Radio One of the Licensed Band Cognitive Radio-like systems is the IEEE 802.15 Task group 2 [802] specification On the other hand, ... auniformly distributed random variable between 1 and 10 dB for each radar unlicensed device path.When determining Radar and Unlicensed Device Transmit and Receive Insertion Losses (LRadarand L U), we have ... “Licensed Band Cognitive Radio” and “Unlicensed Band Cognitive Radio.” When a cognitive radio is capable of using bands assigned to licensed users, apart from the utilization of unlicensed bands such...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... includingRadio Band Resources (as well as power, adaptive scheduling, etc.) in same as well as different bands, in both UL and DL, and in both adjacent and nonadjacent channel arrangements A “Radio BandResource” ... that are also supporting UTRAN and/or GERAN operationsshould be capable of supporting the measurement of, and the handover from and to, both 3GPPUTRA and 3GPP GERAN systems In addition, E-UTRAN ... different bandwidths,such as 1.25 MHz, 2.5 MHz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz, in both the UL and DL.Operations in paired and unpaired spectra should also be supported Operation in paired and unpairedspectra...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... Maravic, M Vetterli, and K Ramchandran, Channel estimation and synchronization with sub-Nyquist sampling and application to ultra-wideband systems In ISCAS, 2004. [668] R Fleming and C Kushner, Low-power ... wideband precision asset location system In UWBST 2003 IEEE Conference on Ultra Wideband Systems and Technologies, November 2003 [674] L Fullerton, UWB waveforms and coding for communications and ... 1701–1711, December 2002. [682] B M Sadler and Swami A On the performance of UWB and DS-spread spectrum communication systems, Ultra wideband systems and technologies, 2002, Digest of Papers 2002...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 19:22

... Trang 4Next Generation Mobile Systems3G and Beyond Trang 6Next Generation Mobile SystemsTrang 7Copyright  2005 John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The ... et al.: Capabilities and Namespaces 351 12.3.2 Erlingsson and Schneider: Security Automata 351 12.3.3 Evans and Twyman: Abstract Operating Systems 351 12.3.4 Pandey and Hashii: Benchmarks ... and inclusive, from futureheterogeneous service platforms to the core network and from the heterogeneous accessnetwork to the user terminals On the other hand, the term “Fourth Generation” (4G)...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

... thefundamental multiple access scheme for the systems of IMT-2000 and beyond This section reviews the principle of DS-CDMA, on which the 3G systems and beyond arebased, and discusses IS-95, the first CDMA ... interactive and background QoS classes standardized by 3GPP. 3.5 Radio Access Technologies for Next-generation Systems This section discusses the radio access challenges facing next-generation systems and ... first encoded and then modulated Theresult is a narrowband signal with a bandwidth ofW After the spreading, the narrowband signal becomes a wideband one, occupying the whole channel bandwidth of...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

... selection (DFS) andtransmit power control (TPC) in order to share with radar systems Current research is focused on the coexistence of wireless devices in the 2.4-GHz bandand other bands • The IEEE ... authorization, and accounting (AAA) and QoS mapping between different access Trang 10authentica-networks (Koin and Haslestad 2003) Standards work in this area is being done by the 3rdGeneration Partnership ... called a handoff key, which is distributed to all active STA and APs With this proposal, our intent is to allow immediate data transmission and dataencryption by the handoff key during the handoff...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

... triggering handoverfrom the IP stack, and for mapping access point and access router link layer identifiers to IP addresses for fast handover protocols Trang 115.4.1 Header Compression2G and 3G cellular ... such as GPRS are typically more expensive and havelimited bandwidth but have broad geographical availability Wireless LAN media are cheaperand have higher bandwidth but have geographical availability ... possibilities is Candidate Access Router Discovery (CARD) Information on availablehandover candidate routers is provided through the active interface by the CARD protocol(Leibsch and Singh 2004)...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

... IPv6, and OBEX) • Remote and systems manageability (SNMP v2 Client, Device management client) • Standards support (such as UPnP, Bluetooth, XML and SOAP, and USB) • Extensive storage and file systems ... parts, in-band interface and out-of-bandinterface Application In-Band API Out-of-Band API Content Server Application Server CDN Control Portal Trang 4APPLICATION PLATFORMS FOR NEXT-GENERATION ... understand and manipulate, ourCDN API makes it possible to automate the publishing process and have finer control overthe content The CDN API can be utilized by different applications and integrated...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

... 48kbps and high quality at 32 kbps In SBR, the full-band audio spectrum is divided into alow-band and a complementary high-band section The low-band section is encoded usingthe AAC core The high-band ... particular, the HVXC standard can be used to handle speech while the harmonicand individual lines plus noise (HILN) standard is used to handle music (Herre and Purn-hagen 2002; Nishiguchi and Edler 2002) ... usage and bitrate, where adaptive multirate wideband (AMR-WB) (ITU-T 2002) is shown as an example of wideband speech communication, and MPEG-2 of broadcastand storage media Given 44-kHz sampling and...

Ngày tải lên: 14/08/2014, 09:21

... Digital Library Development History and Landscape (2) Design Architecture and Systems (3) Implementation Issues and Challenges (4) Use and Impact (5) Users and Usability (6) Future Trends of Digital ... system DL systems are usually complex, with many components, handling authentication and authorization, user interaction, searching and browsing, retrieval and presentation, analysis and indexing, ... catalog systems Other origins include: computer-supported cooperative work systems, database management systems, directory systems, educational technology systems, geographic information systems, ...

Ngày tải lên: 01/06/2014, 00:46

... † Fourth Generation (4G) and beyond wireless networks These will evolve towards an integrated system, which will produce a common packet-switched (possibly IP-based) platform for wireless systems, ... importance of using packet switching in such systems even greater This can be realized by the fact that the next generations of wireless systems (4G and beyond) are envisaged to be an integrated ... I., Obaidat M S and Pomportsis A S Third Generation and Beyond Wireless Systems, Communications of the ACM, 2002, in press [7] Nicopolitidis P., Papadimitriou G I., Obaidat M S and Pomportsis...

Ngày tải lên: 29/09/2013, 21:20

... methods; (d) another simulation model; and (e) artificial intelligence and expert systems 13.1.5 Applications and Experimentation After the model has been validated and verified, it can be applied to ... characteristics, and applications We presented the techniques used to generate and test random numbers Then the techniques used to generate random variates (observations) are explained and the variates ... parameters and distributions, and output values and conclusions Validation can be performed by one of the following techniques: (a) comparing the results of the Simulation of Wireless Network Systems...

Ngày tải lên: 29/09/2013, 21:20