form and function in bone

... accessory glands in cephalopods Gastropod accessory glands are different in origin, and form egg coverings at spawning A mucous secretion is formed by pallial, pedal and hypobranchial glands in different ... class In mollusks which lay their eggs in rigid capsules, capsule glands and albumin glands are pres-ent in a complex of pallial glands These differ in their origin and function (Chukchin, 1984) ... spawning In females, this involves formation of additional oocyte coverings and the process of transferring oocytes into the organs from which spawning will take place In males this involves formation

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 16:20

... design thinking and awareness. This book is intended as both an introduction to the pline for students of landscape architecture, architecture and planning, and a source of continuing interest ... hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication ... scape architecture and my own experiences of land-scape: moving through it, stopping, looking, feeling, touching, talking, eating, sheltering, remembering They are also strongly informed by a wide

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 17:20

... time intervals in the same area (Fischer and Stocklin, 1999) Habitat frag-mentation combined with changes in grassland management and the land-scape context have resulted in significant increases ... occur-ring in a grassland was greater in more diverse grasslands (i.e., a “sampling effect”) providing community recovery insurance against climatic extremes In contrast, year-to-year variability in ... Fischer and Stocklin (1999) used botanical survey data collected in 1950 and in 1985 to investigate rates of local extinction in remnants of extensively grazed calcareous grassland in Switzerland

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... understanding of the population biology of weeds, including ary aspects (Jordan and Jannink, 1997), and the dynamics of weed popula-tions Accordingly, this chapter summarizes current understanding ... are con-tinually being introduced into agricultural environments, both inadvertently by industry and consciously by seed firms, few alien species succeed in lishing themselves as damaging weeds ... Antonovics and Levin (1980), Weiner (1982),Goldberg and Werner (1983), Barkham and Hance (1982), Pacala and Silander(1985), Silvertown et al (1992), and Wallinga (1995) Although a distinction RN

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... in grasslands and then compare them with the corresponding budgets in upland and paddy fields Surveys of energy and matter budgets in a grassland have been carried out at the National Grassland ... Grasshopper-mantis model (Levins and Vandermeer, 1990) There are two kinds of competitive grasshoppers and one kind of mantis H1, H2, and C indicate the numbers of the two kinds of grasshoppers and mantes, respectively ... the increase of both crop and livestock production The use of intra- and interspecific interactions and interactions Trang 4between organisms and the environment, such as climatic factors and

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... component of the grassland may be herds and flocks grazing and browsing in the vicinity of grazing lands and a mutually beneficial association (fodder-grassland manuring) In man-managed grounds ... P.L and Singh, J.S., 1971 Herbage dynamics and net primary production in certain ungrazed and grazed grasslands in North America, in Preliminary Analysis of Structure and Function ... grasslands/rangelands. With continued human population growth, there will be increased demand for milk and meat, resulting in even more intensive grassland utilization. Greater intensity of grassland

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... 1999) which in turn may result in adecrease in seedling establishment during the following year Depending upon the crop, climate, and rainfall patterns for a particularregion, annual cropping systems ... practices werecombined, there were substantial declines in AM hyphal infectivity andmetabolic activity leading to subsequent declines in crop growth and nutri-ent content Herbicide and Pesticide ... pesticides during thegrowing season to maintain crop vigor and enhance yield quality In addi-tion, herbicide applications are routinely made either during the growingseason or during the fallow

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... predominated in 14 states and provinces of east-ern and central regions, whereas in five westeast-ern states and provinces Typhlodromus occidentalis predominated. When crop protection practices including ... and hypotheses may be helpful in understanding and predicting the behavior of natural enemies in upcoming sustainable agro-ecosystems NATURE OF SPECIES STRUCTURE AND ABUNDANCE OF PREDACIOUS PHYTOSEIID ... experimentally introduced into the areas in those eras Table 8.8 shows dominant species in the eastern, central, and western regions of the apple belt for sprayed and unsprayed orchards separately In commercial

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... dispersal, rain dispersal,and insect transmission of inoculum Wind Dispersal Airborne spores may travel intercontinentally and cause disease sands of miles away from the original infection For instance, ... there is increasing evidence of plant pathogen interference on interspecific competition among plants inthe wild The main evidence is the flourishing of species introduced into areas in the absence ... plant.” In somepathosystems, thinning has been adapted as a standard practice for diseasemanagement, indicating the regulatory effect of pathogens on plant density.For example, thinning of high

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... the QingZang (Tibet) Plateau, espe- cially in the east and on high mountainous ranges. Amounting to 16 million ha, alpine meadows cover 40% of the grassland in Qinghai Province. The alpine meadow ... plant matter changes into standing dead plant material and then into soil sur- face litter, and finally accumulates in the soil. The system of energy flow in the alpine meadow grazing ecosystem from ... portion including lignin, fat, tannin and wax), V 5 , (6) sheep intake (pastural plants consumed by grazing animals), V 6 , (7) sheep 256 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN AGROECOSYSTEMS DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 17:20

... Ferrara, and Pavia u in Italy; the Universities of Helsinki and Tampere in Finland; the Universities of Madrid, Alicante, and Mallorca in Spain; the Universities of Groningen and Utrecht in the ... and Bristol in England; the Universities of Edinburgh and St Andrews in Scotland; the Universities of G¨ ttingen, Hamburg, Heidelberg, M¨ nster, Bielefeld, Freiburg, o u T¨ bingen, and Kiel in ... advance understanding of the whole In this way, we can see that well-designed forms of functional legal units are not formalistic or bare and thin; instead, they are intrinsically purposive and value-laden...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... functional legal units, and (6) in integrating and coordinating such units within a duly systematized operational system Form and the formal in functional legal units, and in a legal system as a ... law-making and law-administering institutions, (2) in constructing the form and content of preceptual and nonpreceptual species of law, (3) in constructing the various formal features and complementary ... inherently formalistic For example, nothing in the overall form of a rule inherently incorporates distinctions without differences or inherently conflates real differences Nothing inherent in the forms...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... toward it and view it as a binding standard Fifth, readers of the words and phrases appearing in the contents of actual reinforcive rules prescribing features of institutions and other functional ... credit to form requires independent and frontal form- oriented analysis that identifies what is formal in the unit, and treats the relations between this form (or forms) and any resulting realization ... ordinary meaning in light of context, cannot itself advance understanding in the foregoing important respect of what “context” means in the makeup of such argumentation A frontal and in depth form- oriented...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... Section Nine: Skepticism about Institutional and Other Form 131 outlines include the overall forms and formal features of these institutions For example, the overall form of a legislature and its ... remedies, and still other functional units, can be coherently combined, integrated, and coordinated within general operational techniques for creating and implementing law To be so integrated and coordinated ... and illuminating treatments are F Schauer, Playing by the Rules: A Philosophical Examination of Rule-Based Decision-Making in Law and in Life (Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1991) and L Alexander and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... corresponding manner of incorporating form and content within a statute encompasses: (a) formulation in a chosen set of words in a fixed verbal sequence, and (b) formulation in writing, that is, in print ... words in fixed verbal sequence, include judge-made case law interpreting or filling gaps in constitutional texts, case law interpreting or filling gaps in statutes, case law interpreting or filling ... These purposes include creating and maintaining a legal system as such, serving policy and related ends, implementing the rule of law, and serving fundamental political values In light of prior...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... ownership interests as those in: land leasehold and other limited interests in land mortgagee and other creditor interests in land interests in residential and manufacturing structures, goods, including ... In turn, the nature and extent of the interest in this land, and in other objects on the land also take defined and organized forms specified in law For example, full ownership of land is distinguished ... this, including some vague criminal statutes that grossly impair freedom and facilitate official injustice In these combinations, different forms and formal features interact with variant content in...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... statutory rule might not seem all that pressing Yet even in such a clear case, the foregoing leading interpretive principle, as incorporated in a known and binding interpretive methodology, would as applied ... consistency, predictability, and the synergistic interaction between interpreting and drafting Some variations in formal criteria of faithfulness, in the ranking of such criteria, and in other methodological ... well-designed form in the drafting of a statutory rule, and welldesigned form in an interpretive methodology may forfend against formalistic interpretation, such forms cannot guarantee against its...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... be valid and binding on all other administrators within its sphere Similarly, private parties and other entities making and performing contracts and carrying out other private-ordering activities ... entities, including individuals, and corporate bodies, create and perform contracts and other private ordering arrangements The intrinsic requirements of these diverse primary functions, and the ... superior and binding final authority in law-making and other functions over lower-level institutions in that same sphere: the superordinate legislature over subordinate legislatures, the superordinate...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... disease of cholera mainly by, among other things, creating and implementing binding legal standards of quality for drinking water, and policing against discharges of pollutants into the watersheds ... persists in certain areas In 1961, a cholera pandemic surfaced in the Pacific Islands and spread rapidly throughout Asia It reached Bangladesh in 1963, India in 1964, and Russia, Iran, and Iraq in 1965 ... first-level and other functional units, and also as duly implemented through the operation of techniques combining, integrating, and coordinating such units The resulting systematizing effects...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20

... such as trained and informed water purifiers, trained and informed waste dischargers, and technology for modern filtration and testing systems Even though it is not possible to disentangle and measure ... choices of form, as well as choices of form in an interpretive methodology of the kind studied in Chapter Eight and choices of forms of sanctions and remedies of the kind studied in Chapter Nine, cumulate ... Cumulative and Synergistic Effects of Legal Forms the public, but receive information from the public as well Form figures in both It is not surprising that form and “information” share common linguistic...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 11:20