force and laws of motion class 9 notes pdf

... understanding based on edge and stripe features, the spatial distribution of recognizable features has to be combined with translational and rotational motion prediction and with the laws of central projection ... that the contribution of C1hm is negligible against that of C0hm, from tion 7.24, ǻyc(Lf) = C0hm·Lf2/2 With Equation 7.37 and the effects of yV and ȥtaken care of by the line of reference, the curvature ... VaMoRs and one of its cameras around 1990: Focal length f§ 8 mm; scaling factors for the imaging sensor: kz § 50 pixels/mm and ky § 40 pixels/mm; elevation of camera above the ground HK = 1.9 m

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:20

... industry and in research for simulating and ana- Trang 2lyzing dynamical motion in response to control input and perturbations; only a very brief survey is given here Mitschke (1988, 1990) is the standard ... effects of propulsive forces Fp at the rear wheels ing and subtracting the same force at the cg yields torque-free acceleration of the center of gravity and a torque around Add-the cg of magnitude ... the classes of feed-forward and feedback control in systems dynamics and control engineering: 1 Feed-forward components Uff derived from a deeper understanding of the proc-ess controlled and

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:20

... concentrate on those points of interest which allow reliable recognition and computation of feature flow [Moravec 1979; Harris, Stephens 1988; Tomasi, Kanade 1991; Haralick, Shapiro 1993] 5.3.3.1 Background ... given by the sum of the Lseg-values of all stripes merged The contour of the 2-D blob is given by the concatenated lower and upper bounds of the 1-D blobs merged Minimum (umin, vmin) and maximum values ... Ic at its center, and 4 the average gradient components of the intensity au and av This allows easy merging of results of two neighboring stripes Figure 5.36a shows the start of 1-D blob merging

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:20

... activities of the Euro-pean EUREKA-project “PROMETHEUS” (1987–1994) set the pace [Braess, Reichart 1995a, b] Since 1992, there is a yearly International Symposium on Intelli- gent Vehicles [Masaki 1992++] ... the AI community in the early 1980s [Davis et al 1986; Hanson, Riseman 1987; Kuan et al 1987; Pomerleau 1989, Thorpe et al 1987; Turk et al 1987; Wallace et al 1986], which start from quasi-static ... UniBwM [Dickmanns, Graefe 1988; Dickmanns, Wünsche 1999] Recognition of well-structured roads and the egostate of the vehicle carrying the camera relative to the road was one of the first very successful

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:20

... centimeters and will be neglected here Figure 9.9 Effects of camera pitch angle (left) and elevation above ground (right) on the image of a straight road in a plane From Figure 9.9, it can be ... right window of Figure 7.17 marked as a white square, can be shown by looking at some details of the time history of the feature data and of the estimated states in Figure 9.2 se-Figure 9.2 From ... (1992) imple-The first two have been investigated by members of our group; they will be dis-cussed in the next section The third one has been studied elsewhere, e.g.,[Bergen 1990, Pele, Rom 1990]

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:20

... Autobahn and French Autoroute), state roads of all types, and minor roads with and without surface sealing as well as with and without lane markings Since 1992, first VaMoRs and since 1994 also ... (horizontal h, Figure 9.29 or vertical v, Figure 9.30), the nominal edge positions (index N) taking the measurement process into account are m1hN and m2hN (9.29) respectively m1vN and m2vN (9.30, textured ... Dick- manns 1986; Mysliwetz 1990; Schiehlen 1995] Beside “looking into the curve” on curved roads and “fixation of obstacles on the road” while driving, developing the “general capability of perceiving

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:20

... the basic methods for detecting and tracking of stationary and moving objects are treated first Honoring the initial developments in the late 1980s and early 1990s with very little computing power ... line: lCR angle CR and width of CR: 2·bCS 2a) Continue perceiving CR in teleimage; estimate distance and angle to CR boundary on right-hand side, width of CR 2b) Track left boundary of road driven ... essential aspects of motion of other traffic participants There are special classes of cases left for which it is necessary to resort to other methods to achieve full robust coverage of all situations

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:20

... of optical flow fields [Enkelmann 1990] and model-based techniques like the one described below [Koller et al 1993] Solder and Graefe (1990) find road vehicles by extracting the left, right and ... investigated In [Kuehnle 1991], the use of symmetries of contours, gray levels and horizontal lines for obstacle detection and tracking is discussed [Zielke et al 1993] investigates a similar ... feature with knowledge of 3-D geometric models and 4-D dynamic scene understanding leads to a robust method for obstacle detection and tracking [Thomanek et al 1994; Thomanek 1996] developed the first

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:20

... driving of both partners (Daimler-Benz and UniBwM) in normal traffic on German and French freeways as well as state and country roads since 1992 A hu-man safety pilot – attentively watching and registering ... hundreds of thousands of simple computing elements have been proposed (DARPA: “On Strategic Computing” [Klass 1985; Roland, Shiman 2002] Trang 512.1 Structural Decomposition of the Vision Task 379 ... change or a turnoff is intended, simul-taneous observation and tracking of objects straight ahead and about 90° to the side are advantageous; with nominal gaze at 45° and a field of view (f.o.v.)

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:20

... early onset) Proper setting of turn lights before start of maneuver Turning off onto crossroad Entering and leaving a circle Handling of road forks Observing right of way at intersections Negotiating ... consists of the translational degrees of freedom in the vertical plane containing the plane of symmetry of the vehicle and the rotational motion in pitch, normal to this plane The effects of gravity ... and replanning Performance of mission elements by coordinated behaviors and in combination across all categories Understand the social situation and own role in it Preprocess data: Category of

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:20

... Nishihara H.K (1978): Representation and Recognition of the spatial organization of three-dimensional shape Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 200: 269–294 Marr D (1982): Vision ... Press, Cam-bridge: 987–990 Pöppel E (1997): A hierarchical model of temporal perception Trends in Cognitive Sci-ence, Vol.1 (2) Pomerleau D.A (1989) ALVINN: An Autonomous Land Vehicle in Neural ... Verlag, Reihe 10, Nr 293 Scudder M., Weems C.C (1990): An Apply Compiler for the CAAPP Tech Rep UM-CS-1990-060, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Selfridge O., (1959): Pandemonium: A paradigm

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 02:20

... upstream and downstream of the Trang 8Figure 6. Time-variant and power spectra of static pressure, shock wave movement and bump top motion at 10Hz, 75Hz and 200Hz perturbation frequencies Trang 9bump ... Trang 1of 0.102 and 0.136, and that after this range of reduced frequencies the steady force damps the blade oscillation Fujimoto et al [1997] studied thisunsteady fluid ... Proceedings of the 9th International Symposium of Unsteady Aeroacoustics, Aero- Charac-dynamics and Aeroelasticity of Turbomachines, Lyon, France. Kobayashi, H., Oinuma, H., Araki, T., [1994] Shock

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 08:22

... result of melting (magma) 4 Temperature is an agent 5 Pressure is an agent 6 Generates foliated rocks 7 Forms as a result of being near an intrusion of magma 8 Found in mountain belts 9 May have ... Temperature a function of depth within the Earth and the presence of a magma Trang 7Factors influencing Metamorphism Pressure • as pressure increases, pore spaces reduced and density increases, ... MetamorphismTrang 19Contact MetamorphismTrang 20Types of MetamorphismRegional metamorphism • Large scale – large volume of rock is affected • Associated with convergent plate margins and • Fluids

Ngày tải lên: 30/11/2016, 16:20

... factors we need to consider are the forces acting on an object and the mass of the object. We discuss the three basic laws of motion, which deal with forces and masses and were formulated more than ... deformed and set in motion These situations are all examples of a class of forces called con-tact forces That is, they involve physical concon-tact between two objects Other exam-ples of contact forces ... atomic level, all the forces we classify as contact forces turn out to be caused by Field forcesContact forces (d)(a) Trang 45.1 The Concept of Force 113electric (field) forces of the type illustrated

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2019, 10:08

... direction of the motion of the body remains unchanged What is the magnitude and direction of the force? the direction of motion of the body = 2 m/s = 3.5 m/s Using the first equation of motion, ... law of motion, force is given as: Since the application of force does not change the direction of the body, the net force acting on the body is in the direction of its motion A constant force ... resultant of two forces is given as: with the force of 8 N The negative sign indicates that θ is in the clockwise direction with respect to the force of of motion, the acceleration (a) of the body

Ngày tải lên: 16/11/2019, 20:58

... direction of the motion of the body remains unchanged What is the magnitude and direction of the force? the direction of motion of the body = 2 m/s = 3.5 m/s Using the first equation of motion, ... law of motion, force is given as: Since the application of force does not change the direction of the body, the net force acting on the body is in the direction of its motion A constant force ... resultant of two forces is given as: with the force of 8 N The negative sign indicates that θ is in the clockwise direction with respect to the force of of motion, the acceleration (a) of the body

Ngày tải lên: 17/11/2019, 07:34

... Program of China (2011DFA30490), Breeding New Flower Varieties Program of Zhejiang Province (2012C12909-6), and CAF Nonprofit Research Projects (RISF6141). Author details 1 Research Institute of Subtropical ... transcrip-tion factor [6,8,9] Both A thaliana and A majus bear canonical floral structure-the first whorl of sepals, second whorl of petals, third whorl of stamens, and carpels in the fourth and center whorl ... resembles petals of single flower, and 9–11 petals are usually found in 2–3 overlapping whorls (Figure 3B) The inner area consisted of a large number of petal-like organs, and some of them were typical

Ngày tải lên: 27/05/2020, 00:16

... + 39.719.81 or 𝑡𝑡 =20 − 39.719.81 𝑡𝑡 =59.719.81 or 𝑡𝑡 =−19.719.81 𝑡𝑡 = 6.09 s or 𝑡𝑡 = −2.01 s Since time can’t be negative, the correct answer is 𝑡𝑡 = 6.09 s (Note that if you round 9.81 ... the linear terms (25𝑥𝑥 and 8𝑥𝑥) next, and the constant terms (1 and 9) last Note that the sign of a term will change if it is brought from the right-hand side to the left-hand side (we’re subtracting ... 12(18) + 12(4𝑦𝑦) = −49 5𝑦𝑦 + 216 + 48𝑦𝑦 = −49 Combine like terms: 5𝑦𝑦 and 48𝑦𝑦 are like terms, and 216 and −49 are like terms Subtract 216 from both sides 5𝑦𝑦 + 48𝑦𝑦 = −49 − 216 53𝑦𝑦 = −265 Divide

Ngày tải lên: 15/09/2020, 16:36

... Understanding and Generation, Asilomar, CA, November 199 1. [Jackendoff and Landau, 199 1] Ray Jaekendoff and Barbara Landau. Spatial language and spatial cog- nition. LEA, 199 1. [Jaekendoff, 199 1] ... 197 7. [Dowty, 197 9] David R. Dowty. Word Meaning and Montague Grammar. Reidel, 197 9. [Dowty, 199 1] David Dowty. Thematic proto-roles and argument selection. Language, 67(3):547-615, 199 1. ... 196 7. [Verkuyl and Zwarts, 199 2] Henk Verkuyl and Joost Zwarts. Time and space in conceptual and logical semantics: the notion of path. Linguistics, pages 483-511, 199 2. J [Verkuyl, 197 2]...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 10:20

... vehicles. X is in the standard direction of motion, x and z are in the plane of vehicle symmetry, and y completes a right- handed set of coordinates. The origin at the lower outside of the body alleviates ... Bifocal arrangement of miniature TV–cameras on a pan platform in front of the rear view mirror of test vehicles VaMP and VITA 2, Prometheus, 199 4. Left: Fields of view and ranges (schematically), ... capability of sensing information about the environment and of initiating motion Dynamic Vision for Perception and Control of Motion 1.5 What Type of Vision System Is Most Adequate? 15 A few years...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 15:20