field electron emissions from carbon nanotubes

... 1064nm From the electronic structure study of carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotubes have a lower work function, lower binding energy and stronger plasma excitation This, coupled with the fact that carbon ... that of pure nanotubes The second part of the project investigates carbon nanotubes as field emitters There has been much research on improving the field emission properties of carbon nanotubes, ... 24Chapter 1 1.9.2 Why Carbon Nanotubes? Carbon nanotubes are viewed as one of the most exciting materials for a field emitter cathode, one of the key discoveries that will spearhead field emission...

Ngày tải lên: 27/11/2015, 12:23

... wall carbon nanotubes are reviewed Because of the unique van Hove ties in the electronic density of states, resonant Raman spectroscopy has provideddiameter-selective observation of carbon nanotubes ... zigzag nanotubes Two minimum energy positionsare found in the conduction band for zigzag nanotubes, (n, 0) measured from the energy at the K point Open circles denote metallic carbon nanotubes ... zigzag nanotubes, ES semicon-11 comes respectively,from the K–Γ and K–M lines,while ES 22comes from K–M and K–Γ and so on In the case of (3n, 0) metallic zigzag nanotubes,the DOS peaks come from...

Ngày tải lên: 07/09/2020, 14:39

... GLOBAL CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS FROM CEMENT MAKING 316 4.1 Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Calcination 317 4.2 Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fuel Use 317 4.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions from ... carbon (MtC), 160 MtC from process carbon emissions, and 147 MtC from energy use Overall, the top 10 cement-producing countries in 1994 accounted for 63% of global carbon emissions from cement production ... Total Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Cement Production 318 5 REDUCTION OF CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS 319 5.1 Energy Efficiency Improvement 319 5.2 Replacing High-Carbon Fuels with Low-Carbon...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 19:20

... CNTs2,3 brought single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in the focus of the attention of researchers in various fields ranging from nanoelectronics to composite ... single-wall and multi-wall carbon nanotubes The experimental results obtained on these carbon nanotubes are surveyed together with computer modeling of the STM images of carbon nanotubes and the role ... of carbon nanotubes V N Popov and Ph Lambin ……….69 Raman scattering of carbon nanotubes H Kuzmany, M Hulman, R Pfeiffer and F Simon ……….…….89 Raman spectroscopy of isolated single-walled carbon...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 15:13

... 17 Trang 4Tables Page1 Summary of Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Net Generation in the United States, 1998 and 1999 2 2 Estimated Carbon Dioxide Emissions From Generating Units at U.S Electric ... Estimated Carbon Dioxide Emissions Rate From Generating Units at U.S Electric Plants by Census Division, 1998 and 1999 4 5 U.S Electric Power Industry Projected and Actual Carbon Dioxide Emissions ... the largest share of CO2emissions from petroleum-fired plants, 1.8 percent of theNation’s total CO2 emissions from all sources Note: Map not to scale. Source: Adapted from U.S Department of...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 02:20

... diameter, electronic properties, paricular DNA sequence and length of sequence, enabling not only to seperate 222 Carbon Nanotubes - From Research to Applications metallic fractions from ... Materials, 19, 479-483 228 Carbon Nanotubes - From Research to Applications Lee, J U.; Huh, J.; Kim, K H.; Park, C & Jo, W H (2007) Aqueous Suspension of Carbon Nanotubes via Non-Covalent ... Defect-Mediated Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes as a Route to Design Single-Site Basic Heterogeneous... recently explored to functionalize 212 Carbon Nanotubes - From Research to Applications...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 13:20

... nitrogen-doped or undoped carbon nanotubes indicates that nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes are less harmful and more biocompatible than the undoped nanotubes (Terrones, 2007) For undoped carbon nanotubes, a ... Trang 1CARBON NANOTUBES - FROM RESEARCH TO APPLICATIONS Edited by Stefano Bianco Trang 2Carbon Nanotubes - From Research to Applications Edited by Stefano ... carbon nitride nanotubes: dependence on diameter and helicity Small, Vol.4, No.4, (April 2008), pp 437–441, ISSN 1613-6810 Yao, Y (2010) Hydrogen storage using carbon nanotubes, In: Carbon Nanotubes,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/06/2014, 13:20

... Background 1.2 Carbon Nanotubes 1.2.1 Discovery of Carbon Nanotubes 1.2.2 Bonding Structures of Carbon Nanotubes 1.2.3 Properties of Carbon Nanotubes 1.2.4 Applications of Carbon Nanotubes 2 13 ... References 17 CHAPTER PHYSICS OF FIELD EMISSION 20 2.1 Field Emission and Fowler-Nordheim Theory 20 2.2 Field Emission from Semiconductors 23 2.3 Influencing Parameters of Field Emission 25 References ... Mechanism of Carbon Nanotubes 4.3.3 Function of Metal Catalyst in CNT Growth 4.3.4 Growth Rate of Carbon Nanotubes with Fe Catalyst 56 56 60 62 66 4.4 Summary 68 References 70 CHAPTER FIELD EMISSION...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:17

... evaluation approach for field emission, will be presented in section 2.1 Section 2.2 will focus on the discussion of field emission from semiconductors The parameters influencing the field emission properties ... be covered in the last section 2.1 Field Emission and Fowler-Nordheim Theory Field emission is a phenomenon that describes the tunneling of an electron from the surface of a solid into vacuum, ... thus diverse FE performance semiconductors, in some cases electrons tunnel from conduction band, some eject from valence band while emission from the donor level within the bandgap is also Energy...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:17

... including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy ... scanning with high-energy beam of electrons in a raster scan pattern The high-energy electrons are usually emitted via field emission, and they are formed by an electron gun via being accelerated ... worldwidely to grow various materials, including carbon and carbon related materials (diamond, nanocrystalline diamond and CNTs, etc.) and non-carbon advanced materials, such as GaN, SiC, Ga2O3...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:17

... a solid carbon, the carbon atoms are extracted from a carbon monoxide or hydrocarbon gas, which dissociates either thermally or in the presence of plasma Subsequently, the dissociated carbon atoms ... bamboo-knot carbon layer at the carbon wall-catalyst junction; (c) subsequent growth of bamboo-like compartment in the hollow center of the CNT Trang 104.3.2 Catalytic Growth Mechanism of Carbon Nanotubes ... the carbon fragments to diffuse across the catalyst particles [18] After supersaturation, carbon was precipitated out from the opposite side of the catalyst particles and reassembled to form nanotubes...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:18

... Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon Coated Carbon Nanotubes Core-Shell Nanostructures 121 make electrons eject at a pretty low applied field and thereby saving the consumed energy of electronic devices ... Hydrogenated Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon Coated Carbon 122 degisned PLD system Trang 5Chapter 6 Field Emission Study of Hydrogenated Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon Coated Carbon Nanotubes Core-Shell Nanostructures ... Trang 1Chapter 6 Field Emission Study of Hydrogenated Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon Coated Carbon Nanotubes Core-Shell Nanostructures 119 Chapter 6 Field Emission Study of Hydrogenated...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:18

... trend of the threshold fields exhibited by these samples during FE process, 142 Chapter Field Emission Study of Hydrogenated Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon Coated Carbon Nanotubes Core-Shell Nanostructures ... other words, a 143 Chapter Field Emission Study of Hydrogenated Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon Coated Carbon Nanotubes Core-Shell Nanostructures reduced barrier height for the electron emission [12, ... structures thereby making electron transport within the emitters become difficult 148 Chapter Field Emission Study of Hydrogenated Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon Coated Carbon Nanotubes Core-Shell Nanostructures...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:18

... emission from integrated carbon nanotubes/ diamond-like amorphous carbon core-shell nanostructures” Submitted to Diamond and Related Materials 4 Jun Yu, and Daniel H C Chua “Effective electron ... Daniel H C Chua “Enhanced Field Emission Properties of Hydrogen Plasma Post-Treatment on Tetrahedral Amorphous Carbon Coated Carbon Nanotubes”, IEEE International NanoElectronics Conference (INEC) ... and Daniel H C Chua “Hydrogenation and its effects on the field emission characteristics of tetrahedral amorphous carbon coated carbon nanotubes” Journal of Physical Chemistry C (Accepted) 2...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:18

... Trang 1A wind tunnel study of the effects of adjacent buildings on near-field pollutantdispersion from rooftop emissions in an urban environment B Hajraa*, T Stathopoulosa, A Bahloulb a ... effects of upstream buildings on near-field pollutant dispersion Theeffect of downstream buildings of different geometries on effluent dispersion fromrooftop emissions was performed by Hajra and ... to distinguish between near-field andfar-field dispersion problems They defined the “near-wake” region as x/H < 5, where x is Trang 3the distance of the receptor from the source and H is the...

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2022, 02:48

... calculating CO, emissions to assure consistency Most recently, Rotty (1983) calculated the global emissions from fossil fuel for the years 1950-79 and estimated 1980 emissions from incomplete ... petroleum contains 85 ‘6 carbon (see discussion below regarding carbon content of crude petroleum) and that NGLs contain between 80 and 84% carbon (C,H, is 80% carbon, C,H,, is 84% carbon), the error ... more reliable and consistent from year to year Using the fuel production numbers to calculate CO, emissions can be thought of as metering the man-induced carbon flow from the earth’s crust to the...

Ngày tải lên: 01/11/2022, 09:06

... affecting carbon emissions V.2 Recommendations to reduce carbon emissions VI Conclusion References Do File Data table Trang 3to statistically estimate the factors resulting in the rise of carbon ... derived from carbon dioxide emissions Therefore, this topic has raised attention for many researchers for years and some featured researches can be listed out such as: Determinants of CO2 Emissions: ... factors affecting Carbon Emissions: Case of Zhejiang Province, China (Shaolong Zeng & Minglin Wang, 2022) made a theoretical analysis and established the motion trajectory of carbon emissions in...

Ngày tải lên: 12/07/2023, 10:40

... climate zone (i.e from climate zone 1 to climate zone 7) Inversely, the GHG emissions from natural gas increase from warmer climate to colder climate regions The amount of GHG emissions from natural ... however, the GHG emissions were 40.3% electricity and 59.7% NG Since electricity use, and therefore GHG emissions, is driven primarily by air conditioning, GHG emissions decrease from warmer to ... the average emissions for each building type across all climate zones It was evident that the GHG emissions generated from the operation of HVAC were significantly larger than GHG emissions as...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 15:28

... nanoparticles Part II Carbon nanotubes as nanofillers Trang 3Allotropic forms of CarbonCurl, Kroto, Smalley 1985 Iijima 1991 graphene (From R Smalley´s web image gallery) Trang 4- Single-wall nanotubes ... (From R Smalley´s web image gallery) Trang 4- Single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs)- Multi-wall nanotubes (MWNTs) Carbon Nanotubes ~ 1-2 nm Few microns TEM images of various MWNTs ~ 2 - 50 nm Trang 5Properties ... Electrical properties : Electronic components, sensors,… Tensile strength (GPa)  Thermal properties : « stability » and flame retardant behavior Interest of carbon nanotubes as nanofillers...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 19:15

... direct emissions from CCS-equipped facilities, it is clear that the life-cycle emissions from the CCS chain also need to be considered, particularly the additional indirect emissions arising from ... of CO2 emissions It should further be noted that while CO2 capturing from the power plant has the potential to reduce direct CO2 emissions from the power plant itself, the indirect CO2 emissions ... indirect emissions from fuel production and transportation, may also be significant in some instances The magnitude of the indirect emissions, for all pollutants, can exceed that of the direct emissions...

Ngày tải lên: 17/02/2014, 10:20