f plant supplier arranges building design and construction

... considered), andstaged construction to lessen the effects of settlement ofthe foundation and the lower parts of the embankment Trang 377-4 Filter DesignThe filter design for the drainage layers and internal ... por-tion of the abutment surface beneath the impervious zoneshould not slope steeply upstream or downstream, as such Differen-a surfDifferen-ace might provide Differen-a plDifferen-ane of weDifferen-akness ... of the type of embankment and final design of the embankment are based, to a large extent, upon experience and judgment c Features of design Major features of design are required foundation treatment,

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 11:50

... mass of stored material T o = exterior dry-bulb temperature d = effective depth of flexural member See Fig 4-F. d′,d′′ = distances from face of wall to center of reinforcement nearest that face ... presents some of the considerations and assumptions of ACI Committee 313 in developing the provisions of the Standard Practice for Design and Construction of Concrete Silos and Stacking Tubes for Storing ... internal friction (δ)—A measure of combined friction and cohesion of material; approximate-ly equal to angle of internal friction for free flowing or coarse materials, but significantly higher for

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 15:45

... Requirements for Re-inforced Concrete ASCE 7-95 Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures ASTM A 615-95c Standard Specification for Deformed and Plain Billet Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement ... 617-96 Standard Specification for Axle-Steel Deformed and Plain Bars for Concrete Reinforcement ASTM A 706-96 Standard Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Deformed Bars for Concrete Reinforcement ... 33-93 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates ASTM C 150-95 Standard Specification for Portland Cement ASTM C 309-95 Standard Specification for Liquid Membrane-Forming Compounds for Curing

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 15:46

... with the design and construction of streets and highways, but they also have some very distinct differences A full appreciation of the differences and the modi-fication of design and construction ... establish final locations of islands after the jointing pattern is determined Small islands that require fixed forms and finishing with hand-tools can be constructed after paving operations, if sufficient ... forlandscaping These functions are usually fulfilled by edgecurbs and islands formed by interior curbs Islands can bepaved or landscaped Curbs on any parking lot confine traffic to the paved faces and can

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 15:47

... 318) for many requirements, it puts forth special requirements for the unique cases of static and dynamic loading from funnel flow, mass flow, concentric flow, and asym-metric flow in silos, and ... of hopper from horizontal See Fig 4-2 αc = thermal coefficient of expansion of concrete γ = weight per unit volume for stored material θ = angle of hopper from vertical See Fig 4-2 µ′ = coefficient ... overpres-sure from stored material in the design of silo foundations 4.8.3 Unsymmetrical loading of silo groups and the effect of lateral loads shall be considered in foundation design 4.8.4 Differential

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 16:04

... have sufficient uniformity to control and limit distor-tion of membrane floors and to minimize differential move-ment between the footing and the wall stiff-3.2.7.2 The subgrade soil under floors ... the effects of stressing, internal loads, backfill and other external loads.The design should also account for: pre-(a) The effects of friction and anchorage losses, elasticshortening, creep and ... areshown in Fig 1.2 and 1.3 1.5.2.1 Hinged—Full restraint of radial translation and negligible restraint of rotation 1.5.2.2 Fixed—Full restraint of radial translation and full restraint of rotation

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 17:26

... φ(0.85f c′A gr+A s f y) 1 1.4P e 0.85f c′ φ[A g+(2n–1)A s] -– -rh Trang 10The bending effects due to thermal and shrinkagedifferences between the floor and the wall or the roof, and the effects of ... 2.4 2.2—Floor and footing design 2.2.1 Foundations—Refer to Appendix A for recommen-dations and considerations related to the design and construction of tank foundations 2.2.2 Membrane floor ... and strength reduction factorsestablished in Reference 17 and reflected in Eq (2-4).Stresses and deformations resulting from handling anderection should be taken into account in the design of

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 17:26

... cracking, the effect of reinforcement on the rigidity of the member, creep effects, and the effects of possible geometrical imperfections The design assumptions made as to geometrical imperfections ... a guide for the design and construction of fixed offshore concrete structures Reference to the following documents is acknowledged: ' API Recommended Practice for Planning, Designing, and Constructing ... duringand after installation The effects on the stability of the soil ofpossible future construction or natural movement of the seafloor materials should also be considered The effect of wave

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 17:40

... of concrete, FL -2 = average side resistance, FL -2 = modulus of rupture of concrete, FL -2 = unit load transfer from shaft to soil at = Factor of safety for bearing resistance = Factor of safety ... width, or width of beam column element 4 Li = soil cohesion, FL -2 = diameter of pier shaft, L = load effects of earthquake, F = height above ground of horizontal load, L F FS FS 1 FS 2 H Hg K y ... critical influence on design and construction Therefore, relevant aspects of soil mechan-ics are also discussed herein For the successful design and construction of the drilled pier foundation,

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 21:58

... * fu = f fu,ave− 3σ), psi f fu = design tensile strength of FRP, considering reductions for service environment, psi f fv = tensile strength of FRP for shear design, taken as the smallest of ... divided by thenumber of bars, in.2 A f = area of FRP reinforcement, in.2 A f,bar = area of one FRP bar, in.2 A f,min = minimum area of FRP reinforcement needed to prevent failure of flexural members ... strength of concrete, psi = square root of specified compressive strength of concrete, psi f f = stress in the FRP reinforcement in tension, psi f fb = strength of a bent portion of FRP bar, psi f f,s

Ngày tải lên: 24/10/2014, 21:59

... Members / 7.36 FLOOR AND ROOF SYSTEMS Floor-Framing Design Considerations / 7.39 Roof Framing Systems / 7.44 DESIGN OF MEMBERS Bases for ASD and LRFD / 7.44 Design Aids and References / 7.45 Serviceability ... been found, the owner purchases it and arranges for surveys and subsurface explorations to provide information for locating the building, access, foundation design and construction, and landscaping ... Familiarity with Roof Design / 12.17 Building Owners’ Responsibility / 12.18 Building- Code Provisions for Roofs / 12.18 Effects of Climate / 12.18 Effects of Roof Size, Shape, and Slope / 12.19...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 22:20

... therefore usually presented in terms of fr and ignore any slight influence that the mean stress might have Surprisingly, the choice of alloy has little effect on fatigue performance of members and ... anticipated life for a given range of extreme fibre stress might typically decrease by a factor of 30 Two other effects that can influence fatigue performance are: • Corrosion fatigue There is ... prone to fatigue failure than a thin one A useful rough rule is to take the fatigue strength (limiting value of fr) of an aluminium detail, for a given number of cycles, as one-third of that for a...

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22

... stress for unwelded parent metal, and kz1= softening factor (Section 6.4.1) For the non-heat-treatable alloys it is found from: pf=0.5(foo+fuo) (11.18b) where foo and fuo are the proof and ultimate ... this curve is: f f f (11.16) Figure 11.7 Weld dimensions g and h Figure 11.8 Definition of angle : (a) weld metal failure; (b) fusion boundary failure f Copyright 1999 by Taylor & Francis Group ... unit length of weld is found from: – P c=ahpf (11.17) where pf=limiting stress for fusion-boundary failure, h=width of failure plane, and =factor depending on joint geometry (as before) The limiting...

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22

... positive if u (or v) increases in the direction of flow, and negative if it decreases The warping factor H is then found from the standard equation (10.29), in which d and wm are defined in terms of ... edge of the section and number all the elements In a bifurcating section (Figure 10.14(c)), the two strands beyond the point of bifurcation may be referred to as A and B, with the direction of flow ... stiffness of non-hollow profiles can be much improved by local thickening, in the form of liberal fillet material at the junctions between plates, or bulbs at the toes of outstands To find for...

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22

... buckling of certain type-R sections—empirical formulae for t and X Notes Refer to Figure 9.11 for section details Despite the asymmetry of sections SA3 and SA4 the interaction factor k is still found ... sections—empirical formulae for , , X q f Note Refer to Figure 9.13 for section details Copyright 1999 by Taylor & Francis Group All Rights Reserved Figure 9.14 Four standardized profiles (BS 1161) ... action of P or M in isolation But if (under P+M) the section is found to be slender, Pc and Mc should be found exactly as specified in Sections 9.7.4 and 9.7.6, taking (different) effective sections...

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22

... of the effective stiff ener section, extending a distance b1 each side of the actual stiffener (Figure 8.18), generally given by: b1=lesser of 0.13a and 15 t e Figure 8.18 Transverse web stiffener, ... REINFORCEMENT 8.6.1 Types of reinforcement The following types of reinforcement may be used for strengthening the webs of beams: tongue plates; bearing stiffeners (transverse); intermediate stiffeners ... reduce the effective stiffness and thus lead to increased deflection The designer can allow Copyright 1999 by Taylor & Francis Group All Rights Reserved Figure 8.26 Components of deflection for asymmetric...

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22

... allow for the adverse effects of weld shrinkage (locked-in stress, greater initial outof-flatness) Secondly, an allowance must be made for the effects of HAZ softening Diagram W shows the effective ... assumed effective section N=non-welded, W=with edge-welds ° a Figure 7.6 Internal elements, effective width coefficient edge-welds N=non-welded, W=with Figure 7.7 Outstands, effective width coefficient ... & Francis Group All Rights Reserved a Table 7.2 Effective section of slender elements—coefficients in the formulae for and a Figure 7.4 Slender internal element Stress-pattern at failure, and...

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22

... dip at point A The softening factor may therefore be taken as follows: (6.2a) (6.2b) where fo,,fu are the 0.2% proof stress and tensile strength of parent metal, and foo, fuo are the same in the ... instead of arcs for the sake of simplicity 6.5.5 Weld geometry For the purpose of our RD method, it is necessary to know the effective weld size w, and Figure 6.11 shows how we define this for some ... option of switching to a more scientific method for the final check In many cases it will be found that the effect of the HAZ on the resistance of the section is small, making the use of the one-inch...

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22

... each of the individual nominal loads by a partial factor f known as the loading factor Different values of f can be taken for different classes of nominal load See Table 5.1 • Action-effect By ... as follows: g g Loading factor ( f) This factor, which takes account of the unpredictability of different kinds of load, is taken as the product of two sub-factors as follows: g = (5.2) g g g f ... Figure 5.6 shows the effect of c on the shape of the curve thus obtained, for given P1 and l Figure 5.6 Modified Perry buckling formula, effect of c Copyright 1999 by Taylor & Francis Group All Rights...

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22

... in fu between the two extreme conditions (O and Hx8) The resulting value for fu is effectively given by the following expression (plotted in Figure 4.1): fu=Pfuo+Q (4.1) in which the coefficients ... specified Aluminium material standards quote two levels of stress, both of which must be attained for a batch of material to be accepted: fo fu minimum value of the 0.2% proof stress (or ‘0.2% offset’); ... & Francis Group All Rights Reserved Figure 4.7 Variation of proof stress (fo) and tensile strength (fu) with temperature, for two alloys Procedure as for Figure 4.6 Figure 4.8 Variation of room-temperature...

Ngày tải lên: 22/07/2014, 18:22