evidence from the pulp and paper industry

... I-III, V, VII and IX Paper IV Paper VI Paper VIII Papers I and II Paper III Paper V Paper VII Research theme 2 The paper is based on data from existing European pulp and paper mills. Paper IX Methodology ... scenarios), the sizes of the district heating demand, and the type of existing heat production Paper III uses the model from Papers I and II and expands the methodology to address also the question ... regarding the processes within the pulp and paper Methodology and model The papers are based on data for a typical Scandinavian kraft pulp mill of today. The papers are based on data from existing

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

... in the Brazilian Pulp and Paper Sector The picture of the Brazilian pulp and paper sector presented in this section is useful to qualify the preliminary hypotheses pointed out above based on the ... qualification on the first hypothesis (H.1): the technology spillover effects in the Brazilian pulp and paper industry could be occurring in both directions, i.e, from TNCs to local firms and from these ... inclusion of the environmental agency and labor unions aimed to get information from the two most affected parts by the industry activities, i.e., the workers and communities near pulp and paper mills

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 09:20

... of the above, the present study was carried out to investigate the metal accumulation and biosorption potential of A.flavus and A.fumigatus isolated from pulp and paper mill sludge Materials and ... physical and chemical methods for waste water treatment In the present study, A.flavus and A.fumigatus isolated from pulp and paper mill sludge showed tolerance and accumulation of toxic metals from ... (Srivastava and Thakur, 2006) Results and Discussion Physico-chemical characteristics of untreated pulp and paper mill effluent The physical-chemical characteristics of untreated pulp and paper

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2021, 09:17

... estate industry are better explained by trade off theory or the pecking order theory The more hypotheses are accepted corresponding to the theory, the better the explanation of that theory in the ... the debates either advocate the trade off theory or pecking order theory in general Therefore, they can be considered to be the “main” capital structure theories and it seems reasonable for the ... to the mechanism in scenario 2, but the rise in the cost of equity will be lower and not enough to offset the benefit from the low cost of debt Thus, the cost of capital will decrease and the

Ngày tải lên: 05/12/2023, 19:20

... (paper mills) The third category,the integrated pulp and paper mills, combines the two processes and is most common inthe paper industry Trang 13The five principal steps in pulp and paper production ... distribution and prices impeded the growth of theindustry substantially During the paper shortage in the 1970s and further on in the 1980sthe government actively supported the venture into the paper ... in the early years However, over time energyintensity increased steadily shifting the pulp and paper sector to the third most energyintensive industry in 1993 2.2 Pulp and Paper Process The pulp

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20

... Percentage of Total Energy by Industry Section 3 3.1—Pulp and Paper Industry Figure 3.1-1 Estimated Steam Energy Use for Major Pulp and Paper Products Figure 3.1-2 Pulp and Paper Industry Boiler Capacity ... evaluation of the pulp and paper industry for 14major products indicates that the thermal energy requirements range between1,212 and 2,735 trillion Btu Based on this data, the average pulp and paper ... industry production to estimatethe total thermal energy used by the pulp and paper industry This method integra-assumes that a fully integrated pulp and paper plant uses the same amount ofenergy to

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20

... gives the value of the project and the second row gives the risk premium of the project (annualized expected return minus risk-free rate) The numbers in parentheses show the value and risk of the ... of the project reduces the future fixed payments and leads to an increase the value of the option The net result will be a decrease in the risk premium of the project The option valuation of the ... derive the value and risk premium of the project, the model works backwards in a dynamic fashion Suppose that the firm completed the project and is ready to commercialize the product In the parlance

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2015, 16:34

... strategies to disentangle the effect of industrial clustering from firm heterogeneities and other cofounders The timation results from both the random effect model and the Abadie and Imbens (2011) bias ... household time use and (v) has negative relationships with the leisure demand of the flower working women and their close substitutes The investigation of the transmission mechanisms further suggests ... (1986) The theory has been refined and further expanded on by other scholars such as Krug-man (1991), Porter (1991), McCormick (1999), Schmitz and Nadvi (1999, 2005), Fujita and Thisse (2002), and

Ngày tải lên: 20/01/2020, 10:16

... strategies to disentangle the effect of industrial clustering from firm heterogeneities and other cofounders The timation results from both the random effect model and the Abadie and Imbens (2011) bias ... household time use and (v) has negative relationships with the leisure demand of the flower working women and their close substitutes The investigation of the transmission mechanisms further suggests ... (1986) The theory has been refined and further expanded on by other scholars such as Krug-man (1991), Porter (1991), McCormick (1999), Schmitz and Nadvi (1999, 2005), Fujita and Thisse (2002), and

Ngày tải lên: 03/03/2020, 10:45

... that the finished stock meets both the operational needs of the paper machine and the quality standards for the produced paper or board.There are 28 types of virgin pulps and recovered paper ... paper, ink particles and other nonpaper particles should be detached from the fi bers Screening To separate particles from the suspension which differ in size, shape and deformability from the ... semi-chemical pulping closely resemble those found in the kraft pulping process.The pulp and paper manufacturing process primarily involves the semi-chemical pulping method, which utilizes either a

Ngày tải lên: 13/05/2022, 15:55

... speculative comments on the impacts of these changes on rural Alabama The Socioeconomic Significance of the Pulp and Paper Industry The implications of restructuring in the pulp and paper industry are ... thousands of acres Indeed, the pulp and paper sector is more capital-intensive than any other manufacturing sector in the U.S economy (M Smith 1997) Processing logs into pulp and pulp into paper ... Alabama's Pulp and Paper Industry Trang 7Sinclair, Bailey and Dubois-One Engineer and a Dog 75 products are manufactured in the region's pulp and paper mills, including high quality white paper,

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2022, 16:05

... Industry Consolidation and Price-Cost Margins Evidence from the Pulp and Paper Industry Abstract In recent years, the U.S pulp and paper industry has experienced an ... Concentration, Pulp and Paper Industry I Introduction In recent years, the U.S pulp and paper industry has undergone a series of mergers and acquisitions which, collectively, have consolidated the pulp, paper, ... concludes II The US Pulp and Paper Industry The pulp and paper industry in the United States is a large, capital intensive, traditional industry Annual capital investments are in the $8 - $15...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20

... from Pulp and Paper and Lead in Soil at Mining Sites i Abstract This paper discusses EPA’s acquisition and use of science in addressing dioxins (and other organochlorines) from the pulp and paper ... himself from involvement in the pulp and paper dioxin rule Dioxin from Pulp and Paper and Lead in Soil at Mining Sites 31 Table A-6 1993 Proposed BAT and Estimated Impact for Pulp and Paper Subsectors ... effluent limitations and standards and national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants for the pulp, paper, and paperboard industrial sector (also called the proposed pulp and paper cluster...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 05:20

... (drainage from wet pulp stock in pulping and papermaking operations) The pulp slurry is put through a paper machine and then passed through a press section, where the whitewater is drained and the ... use in the U.S pulp and paper industry Pumps are used to pressurize and circulate water, process chemicals, and pulping slurries as part of the pulp and paper making process Energy costs and operation ... techniques and measures that are available to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the pulp and paper manufacturing industry at this time Because the primary GHG emitted by the pulp and paper...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

... The pulp and paper industry is considered as one of the major potential sources of pollution in the environment There are two segments, pulping and paper making in the manufacturing process Pulping ... of Pulp and Paper Mill 5.1.1 Raw Water Used in the Pulp and Paper Mill 5.1.2 Wastewater from Production Process 5.1.3 Energy Consumption of the Mill 38 38 39 40 5.2 Waste Auditing of Pulp and Paper ... Environmental Problem from Pulping Processes 11 2.4 Raw Material for Pulping 12 2.5 Cleaner Production for Small Pulp and Paper Mills 15 2.6 An Overview of the Pulp and Paper Industry in Vietnam and Related...

Ngày tải lên: 09/03/2014, 01:20

... in the Pulp & Paper Industry What is Bleaching? Turns brown pulp Unbleached wood fibers Raw material for brown paper bags, cardboard Into bleached pulp Raw material for printing and writing papers ... toxicity The compounds with the Cl in the 2, 3, 7, and positions on the molecule PCDF Of the 17, only two, 2378TCDD and 2378-TCDF are potentially produced with chlorine bleaching 23 The Call ... America Pulp & Paper Industry Printing & Writing Paper Market Manufacturing Fundamentals Environmental Protection Measures of Progress Summary Source: Canfor Ltd N American Pulp & Paper Industry...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

... segments of the Canadian pulp S:\25784\English\Energybk-e imega.vp 14 mars, 2003 11:34:26 Energy Cost Reduction in the Pulp and Paper Industry Energy Cost Reduction in the Pulp and Paper Industry ... energy demand in mechanical pulping First EcoPaperTech, an International Conference on Papermaking and Paper- Machine Technology: 303-314 (1995) 14 Energy Cost Reduction in the Pulp and Paper Industry, ... D.W and Towers, M.T., Energy cost reduction in the pulp and paper industry: an overview Pulp Paper Can 102(2):T34-T38 (2001) 16 A Guide to Energy Savings Opportunities in the Kraft Pulp Industry...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

... Notebook Project November 2002 Pulp and Paper Industry Introduction, Background, and Scope II.B Characterization of the Pulp and Paper Industry The pulp and paper industry converts wood (harvested ... recycled fiber into pulp and primary forms of paper Other companies in the paper and allied products industry (SIC codes 265 and 267) use the products of the pulp and paper industry to manufacture ... noted in the two graphs, the pulp and paper portion of the industry (pulp, paper, and paperboard mills) employs only 28 percent of the workers in the industry, but produces over 40 percent of the...

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

... experience and know-how relating to chemical pulp quality and its impact on paper and board quality and added value for paper and board users Domtar Corporation is the largest integrated manufacturer and ... there is no overlapping in their product offerings They know each other well The fact that both companies have their roots in Finland and share the same business culture is expected to make the ... in the pulp and paper industry but also, for example, in the mining and energy industries,” Langenskiöld adds More comprehensive product and service offerings In recent years, the change in the...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 05:20

... the innovation dynamics induced by environmental policy in the pulp and paper industry There has been a fair amount on technical change in the pulp and paper industry in the recent past and there ... technical and environmental change in the pulp and paper sector in more detail Innovation dynamics in pulp and paper Technical and Environmental Innovation In the pulp and paper industry, as in other ... (Reinstaller, 2005), and the increase in the use of recycled paper as an input in the paper production process Although less spectacular and more gradually, the pulp and paper industry in Europe...

Ngày tải lên: 01/04/2014, 00:20