european cities in the knowledge economy towards a typology

... 2005) Using such data would, for instance, overvalue the importance of cities such as Amsterdam and Atlanta as these cities function above all as switching points for KLM and Delta Airlines travellers, ... networks of APS firms available at the global scale, and here we use it as the independent variable in our model Control variables The population data used as a control variable in our analysis are collected ... of interrelations between knowledge-intensive services and airline connectivity in metropolitan areas at the national scale (especially in the USA) is also apparent at the global level An appraisal

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2020, 14:42

... complex intermediates are produced in themultinational parent If a …rm originating in a Northern country (East) opens a multina-tional a¢ liate in the other (West), the a¢ liate will import a greater ... obtainthe intermediate from a Southern a¢ liate in which case the marginal cost of the Northerna¢ liate is the same as it would be for the parent: cA('; z) = wS Sexp( Sz)=' Finally,the a¢ liate ... This includes dataon the multinational …rms’ technology investments and their intra-…rm trade, as well asinformation on multinational a¢ liate activity both at the extensive margin (entry) and theintensive

Ngày tải lên: 18/03/2014, 02:20

... an economy to attract and maintain firms with stable or rising market shares in an activity, while maintaining stable or increasing standards of living for those who participate in it”, meaning ... Technical capital – man-made capital and infrastructure; and Financial capital – money and assets) effectively means taking a holistic approach, since each of the capitals depends on the others The ... to attract and maintain companies with rising or at least stable market shares At the same time, city itself should maintain increasing or at least stable standards of living for those who participate

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2018, 10:13

... to attract and maintain companies with rising or at least stable market shares At the same time, city itself should maintain increasing or at least stable standards of living for those who participate ... has changed, and what used to be an advantage in the past turned out to be a disadvantage in the modern economy Indeed, changes in advanced economies have devaluated cities’ geographical advantages ... infrastructure; and Financial capital – money and assets) effectively means taking a holistic approach, since each of the capitals depends on the others The necessity of taking a holistic approach

Ngày tải lên: 22/05/2018, 11:57

... published in the Great Depression era in 1932, also examining the consequences of the tion between finance capital owners investing their capital in the firm and the operational management of the ... of an unregulated and “self- monitoring” capitalist economy geared toward financial operations and financial engineering are above all, we now have learned, an increased level of economic instability ... the world economy), explain a substantial share of what Lin (2016: Trang 31985) addresses as “the polarization of the labor market and growing inequality.” In this view, a national economy can

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2020, 09:56

... framework in their own national laws.28 In addition, over the past few decades, many countries—including Argentina, Australia, Canada, India, Japan, Mexico, and South Korea—have enacted or updated ... and maintained this sectoral model as many Americans began connecting to the Internet in the mid-1990s and the model remains in place today As a result, many of the key actors (e.g., online advertisers—and ... leadership in the global privacy policy debate All around the world, including in the European Union, policymakers are rethinking their privacy frameworks As a leader in the global Internet economy,

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 03:20

... secreted into the intestinal lumen and causes epithelial barrier dysfunction All the above molecular components are represented by state variables in the GMABM, and the directional arrows indicate the ... phosphatonin-mediated urinary wasting [87,88] and sequestration by vitals organs (heart, brain, etc.) In the ABM, the initial phosphate concentration for each patch was randomly set at given a normal ... evaluation of a hypothesis is determining its face validity, and thus its plausibility Face validity is defined as the ability of a particular simulation to behave in a realistic, reasonable and

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 16:20

... human capital, but also actively participate as important institutional actors in both building and sustaining local networks and flows of knowledge, and in linking them with global ones“(BRAMWELL ... just at regional aspects of the knowledge economy In the knowledge economy the value of classic local advantages (nature resources) has diminished and because of the changes in economy and society, ... comparative advantages to be competitive as well In the context of regions in the knowledge economy, the new comparative advantages MILLARD see in: • the quality and cost of labour, including

Ngày tải lên: 12/12/2016, 20:23

... countries’.21 Their detailed analysis of gig work in Kenya, Nigeria, South Africa, Vietnam, Malaysia, and the Philippines paints an already-familiar picture: [R]egions like Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast ... regulatory arbitrage camouflaged a different model altogether, leading to a misalloca- tion of capital? Writing for the Financial Times, Izabella Kaminska was amongst the first to raise these ... enormous gains from this financial arbitrage are at the core of gig-economy business models In the words of one financial adviser, ‘adverse determin-ations in these matters may subject [the platform]

Ngày tải lên: 03/01/2020, 14:59

... of analytical framework and empirical evidence of employment transformation in a labor-abundant economy in East Asia has enabled a statistical analysis of employment transformation in Vietnam ... economies, namely Taiwan and South Korea (NIEs-2), and the big-ger Southeast Asian economies of Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand (ASE-AN-4) Similar to these East Asian economies, the ... 2010 The purpose of this paper is to discuss the shift in labour away from agriculture into man-ufacturing in a labour-abundant economy fac-ing structural transformation in the initial stag-es

Ngày tải lên: 04/02/2020, 00:30

... wide and deep integration into the global economy In case of that all economic transactions or the transactions conveing the commercial nature become popular, construct the infrastucture of the ... planned economy towards a system of values of a market one that is at the highest level reflected in the terms of liberalization, transparency and fairness of its trading system Simultaneously, if the ... from a centrally planned command economy towards an economy directed by market mechanism By nature, such this process is one basically transforming from a system of values of a centrlally planned

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2021, 07:46

... the nature of the areas for which data are available In many cases these are relatively large and in almost all cases no data are available to explore variations in the nature and strength of the ... true) These issues are obviously firmly related to the actual plans and activities around the restructuring of certain areas in cities Today, at least in many European cities, a large share ofurban ... (horizontal axis) The effects seem to be rather linear as unemployment increases from 2 to about 15 percent In an enlarged collaboration, including also George Galster and Timo Kauppinen, Swedish data

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2022, 16:23

... Technology, and Innovation, STI-mode) On the other hand we defined innovation strategies mainly based on learning by doing, using and interacting (Doing, Using, and Interacting, DUI-mode) In the first ... industrial machinery, plant engineering and ship building R&D is in general less important than in other sectors in the economy.’ ‘In contrast, an analytical knowledge base dominates economic activities ... (Science, Technology, and Innovation, STI-mode) On the other hand we defined innovation strategies mainly based on learning by doing, using and interacting (Doing, Using, and Interacting, DUI-mode)

Ngày tải lên: 18/10/2022, 17:03

... financialisation or value extractive strategies’ Holts (2018) adds that virtual workers are required to approach their working life as a project that they must invest in, leading to an internalisation ... groups and interviews, or quantitative data from surveys not using validated instruments Available surveys mainly aim at describing the nature of the work performed on the one hand, and the quality ... capable of But in others, their work results are actually fed into learning algorithms, enabling further automation Indeed, crowdwork has proven to be an infinite source of human knowledge that

Ngày tải lên: 04/11/2022, 06:47

... first articulated by activists in the Campaign for Wages For Housework, especially Selma James, Mariarosa Dalla Costa, Leopoldina Fortunati, among others, and later by the feminists of the Bielefeld ... has launched in Afghanistan and Iraq, sparked off by the corporate need to gain access to mineral and hydrocarbon wealth, and by proletarian competition for a wealth that cannot be generalized ... well as a campaign against women in the name of "population control." In what follows, I examine the main aspects of this restructuring trying to assess the prevailing trends, its social

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 17:20

... marketing, dsbation, cus tomer relations, branding, taining, consulting, RAD, and managing intelectual ipitaand China needs to take advantage of al ofthis intangible knowledge ‘Being more proactive ... R&D centers and buying foreign companies and research labs to aoquie for- ign knowledge, as was done by Japan the Republic of Korea, and Taiwan, Cina ‘+ Tumingtbe Chinese brain drain ino a ... tauling and elfecive governance of traded firms and financial intetmediates, ‘ncouraging the venture capital ‘market—to Finance entrepreneurs with new ideas, And pasting in place app priate

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 12:20

... between an Trang 36industrial policy directed towards increasing autonomy and the simultaneous search for greater ‘technological independence’ The main point about the Indian case is that the approach ... these arguments, the technology factor came in repeatedly mainly on the side of intervention and infant industry In fact, many of the arguments that appear today in the innovation studies literature ... learning process at all Furthermore, in the absence of appropriate external institutional conditions, learning processes may also fail to appear An influential study on the failure of learning,

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 14:20

... Trang 1Moving Up the Value Chain: Staying Competitive in the Global Economy MAIN FINDINGS Trang 3Foreword Globalisation raises many important challenges and is high on the policy agenda in many ... of value chains has also resulted in increasing intra-industry trade (i.e trade within the same industry, including the trade in intermediate goods at various stages of production) While these ... growing importance of intermediates can be observed in the OECD area The growing international sourcing of intermediates within global value chains has resulted in manufacturing exports and imports

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 08:20

... exclusively India and China, are building up their education systems at a rapid rate Leading corporations are abandoning the idea that high-end activities such as research and design have to go on in the ... skills race find support in the actions of leading transnational companies and in the national strategies of emerging economies Despite much talk about globalisation and the knowledge economy, there ... ‘brain’ work is left to the developed economies such as Britain, Germany, Japan, and the United States Equally, the rapid expansion of tertiary education in China and India is more than a beauty

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 08:20

... change involved: increasing national (locational) specialisation; increased international ‘fracturing’ of value chains or chains of production – witnessed in increased intra-industry and intra-firm ... stable and growing economy in the Asia-Pacific region. On the other hand: • Australia’s rapid adjustment over the past two decades has been at the expense of the maintenance and/or the creation ... scale necessary to achieve international competitiveness, and many of the multinational companies operating in Australia are focused on the Australian domestic market rather than on global markets; •...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 20:20