european approaches to coastal and estuarine risk assessment

... bottom, and this sequence is 10 New Approaches to Characterization and Recognition of Faces immutable,... above, and the observations probability distributions for the top-level ... fully automatic face recognizer The goal of an automatic face detector is to search for human faces in a still image and, if found, to accurately return their locations In order to make ... NEW APPROACHES TO CHARACTERIZATION AND RECOGNITION OF FACES Edited by Peter M. Corcoran New Approaches to Characterization and Recognition of Faces...

Ngày tải lên: 27/06/2014, 05:20

... Ecological Risk Assessment in Coastal and Estuarine Environments Morris H Roberts, Jr., Michael C Newman, and Robert C Hale Chapter 2 European Approaches to Coastal and Estuarine Risk Assessment ... regulatory context for coastal and estuarine risk assessment, emerging contaminants of concern, effects to marine mammals, bioavailability and exposure of marine organisms to inorganic and organic ... and effects of contaminants on ecological entities ranging from biomolecules to landscapes Coastal and Estuarine Risk Assessment is the first book to address the appli-cation of the current risk...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... a shorter history of application to ecological systems and even a shorter history for estuarine and coastal systems The risk assessment paradigm in general, and in ecological risk assessment in ... need to apply a landscape context for assessment and the need to relate effects to stressors across all levels of ecological organization from bacteria and primary producers to top carnivores, and ... activity, and growth? Some of these issues are not unique to estuarine and coastal systems, and obviously have persistent and collective implications about the validity of any risk assessment...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... availability of data, to ecotoxicity data, although for marine and estuarine systems, a furtherassessment factor of 10,000 has been suggested.11 In the risk characterization phase,PEC and PNEC values ... in opposition to approaches based upon risk assessment Trang 9This is because of the inherent uncertainty of risk assessment approaches based uponlimited data, usually from laboratory tests on ... resources on emission control and environmental monitoring withinretrospective risk assessment frameworks Section 2.4 discusses ways the EU addresses prospective risk assessment, andSection 2.5 looks...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... PBB contamination of Michigan livestock and subsequenttransfer to humans), tributytin (e.g., mortality and reproductive problems in Europeancoastal shellfish), and Kepone (e.g., neurological disorders ... beingreleased to aquatic systems in elevated concentrations from humans, livestock,wildlife, and plants Although very little research on these compounds in coastaland estuarine areas has been reported to ... diatom, Skeletonema costatum, of 27 g/l havebeen reported.104 Laboratory exposure to NPs has been observed to stimulate egg yolk precursorprotein production in trout hepatocytes105 and to disrupt...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... travellers have stood upon its prostrate trunk and speculated … I stooped and read its years to them (127 at nine and a half feet), but they... with this issue and has distracted risk assessors ... Pfiesteria and estuarine fishkills, Ecosystems, 2, 237, 1999 41 Burkholder, J.M., Glasgow, H.B., Jr., and Hobbs, C.W., Fish kills linked to a toxic ambush-predator dinoflagellate: distribution and ... prevalent in ecological risk assessment. Some key theoretical and methodological approaches are maintained in the field by a collective willingness to ignore contradictory evi- dence or knowledge....

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... com-partment and the water (mol/Pa • s) Subscripts W refer to water, F to fish, and L to lipid to which all the xenobiotic isassumed to partition FIGURE 5.3 Autoradiography of detritus from estuarine ... phospholipid,cytochrome P-450, and NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase.80–84 Isozymes of cyto-chrome P-450 have been isolated and purified from fish and crustaceans, and partiallypurified from mollusks and ... uptake To allow comparisons withdifferent compounds, different species, and different types of animals, the accumulationfactors are often normalized with respect to lipid for animals and to total...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... currentlyknown about the factors controlling the bioaccumulation and fate of inorganic Hgand MMHg and other toxic metals and metalloids, such as As, Se, Cd, and Pb, inestuarine and coastal environments ... Texas and Baltimore Harbor, Maryland (Data taken from Mason and Lawrence 5 and Lawrence and Mason 6 ) Trang 10plus water; and sediment, water, and “food.” The feeding used both contaminatedand ... accumulation intophytoplankton and microbes is controlled by the free metal ion concentration insolution,24,31 and a large body of research has documented this for both essential andpotentially toxic...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... to incorporate dietary metals exposure into the risk assessment framework. 7.2 CURRENT STATUS OF REGULATORY APPROACHES FOR METALS IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS By “risk assessment,” we mean regulatory ... achieved from laboratory toxicity tests. The goal of this section is to examine some of the findings that have contributed to the current status of risk assessment approaches and to discuss some possible ... Status of Regulatory Approaches for Metals in Aquatic Systems 7.2.1 The Importance of Phase and Speciation in Metal Risk Assessment 7.2.2 Incorporation of Metal Speciation into Risk Assessment 7.2.3...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... during risk assessment of new chemicals in the laboratory (prospective risk assessment) and when attempting to identify EDCsthat are already impacting the environment (retrospective risk assessment) ... RISK ASSESSMENT STRATEGY FOR SALTWATER ENDOCRINE DISRUPTERS The Endocrine Disrupter Screening and Testing Advisory Committee (EDSTAC)8 of U.S EPA and the European Center for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology ... containing Reduced progesterone and testosterone levels in the pyloric caeca; increased testosterone level in the gonads and decreased cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome b5 in pyloric caeca microsomes...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... the results of the exposure and effects assessment are used to estimate riskto the assessment end points identified in problem formulation, and the risk isinterpreted and conclusions are reported.6 ... sensitivities to the toxic effects of metals tend to varyless than those to POCs; therefore, it is likely that standard toxicological risk Trang 4accumulat-assessment procedures can be used to assess ... exposure assessment, (3) effectsassessment, and (4) risk characterization.6 The problem formulation step is a formalprocess to develop and evaluate a preliminary hypothesis concerning the likelihoodand...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... difficult to acquire and often unavailable. Instead, wildlife toxicologists and risk assessors have used laboratory bioassays to develop quantitative relationships between stressors and individual ... protection continues, approaches to quantify effects on populations should be devel- oped and evaluated. This chapter describes a matrix modeling approach to characterize and project risks to wildlife ... H.M., and Kimmel, G.L., Developmental and reproductive toxicity of dioxins and related compounds: cross-species... Biochemical and Cellular Perspectives, Malins, D.C and Ostrander,...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... on Risk Assessment and RiskManagement1 states: [I]t is time to modify the traditional approaches to assessing and reducing risks that have relied on a chemical-by-chemical, medium-by-medium, risk-by-risk ... similar to ECA are integral to the modern risk ment process.5 But the complexity and difficulty of urban estuarine risk analysisremains a challenge to these tools assess-Implementing ECA for urban estuarine ... arecritical to ECA, and ECA is fundamental to accurate estuarine risk and damageassessment In the following paragraphs, we illustrate some of the historical datagathering that can be used to develop...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... recently devoted to toxicant chemistry, effect, and risk assessment in marine and coastal systems. (However, only one article in the journal issue addressed risk assessment.) In the lead editorial, Scott ... the steps of ecological risk assessments are diagrammed. The intent of Chapter 1 was to provide a context for ecological risk assessment in estuarine and coastal regions, to describe major sources ... The European, or more specifically European Union (EU), context for coastal and estuarine risk assessments was explored in Chapter 2. Consequently, this chapter covered all aspects of the risk assessment...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... Trang 1Contamination by arsenic and other trace elements intube-well water and its risk assessment to humans in Hanoi, Vietnam Tetsuro Agusaa, Takashi Kunitob, Junko Fujiharaa,1, Reiji Kubotaa, ... Concentrations of As and Mn in hair of some individuals from the Gia Lam and Thanh Tri Districts exceeded the level associated with their toxicity and, therefore, a potential health risk of As and Mn is ... nonparametric tests were used to compare different groups and correlation for analysis The ManneWhitney U-test was employed to detect gender and regional (Gia Lam and Thanh Tri) differences in trace...

Ngày tải lên: 16/12/2017, 04:53

... risk due to heavy metals in groundwater samples Health risk assessment model by the US EPA were used to evaluate the health risks that heavy metals could pose on human via direct ingestion and ... preparation and storage Groundwater samples were collected as outlined by Fit-field and Haines [29] Briefly, plastic bottles were washed and stored in 10% nitric acid for 2 days and rinsed with ... health risk assessment Human exposure risk pathways of an individual to trace metals contamination could be through three main path-ways including inhalation via nose and mouth, direct ingestion and...

Ngày tải lên: 29/05/2020, 12:45

... application management sector and territory, thanks to the resolution of the irrational use of space and coastal resources between sectors, agencies and communities 1 Trang 14Integrated coastal management ... exploitation, usage and protection of coastal areas under its statutory authority In contrast, all organizations and individuals has right to send application to PCC to request issues related to coastal ... interest of multi-sector and multi-target use, has not been established yet. e At the local level: - 21/28 coastal provinces set up Department of Sea and Island and 7/28 Seas and Islands Divisions...

Ngày tải lên: 08/12/2024, 19:27

... EU to ECOWAS/CEDEAO2 increased from 12500 tonnes in 1996 to 86000 tonnes in 2003, mainly to Benin, followed by Ghana, Nigeria, Senegal, Togo and Ivory Coast Trang 4Exports of Chicken from EU to ... increased from 29500 tonnes of chicken meat in 1996 to 128 500 tons in 2003 Exports of chicken from the EU to CEMAC1 have increased from 17 000 tonnes in 1996 to 42 500 tonnes in 2003 Within ... relating to trade, food, health, consumers, private sector policies and questions the capacity of the Cameroon government to effectively design, monitor and implement such policies, taking into account...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 08:20

... solely to the individual Simple and transparent (i.e., easy to understand and replicate) methods should be developed for application in a regulatory context to expand the scope of ecological risk assessments ... ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL The objective of the assessment component of this analysis was to express the impact of individual exposures to a toxic contaminant in terms of the risk to receptor ... greater than 1, then a risk exists that the response ascribed to T will occur If it is assumed that the risk to be characterized is the result of the exposure of a receptor to a toxic contaminant...

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 10:22

... Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology 2007, 2:2 http://www.occup-med.com/content/2/1/2 Table 2: Exposure to chlorinated and aromatic hydrocarbons and lymphoma in total (n = 710 matched pairs) ... exposure to PCE and trichloroethylene (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.42) Only 2% of the control subjects are exposed to carbon tetrachloride according to expert assessment, leading as well to ... statistical analysis and in the critical revision of this manuscript AN and NB who is the PI prepared, designed and coordinated the study and helped to draft the manuscript All authors read and approved...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20