epa s guidelines for ecological risk assessment

... experimental studies, or observed responses at reference sites along a condition gradient Thresholds may also include safety margins or risk considerations Regardless, the basis for threshold selection ... design The assessment question being addressed in this example is What percent of estuarine area is hypoxic/anoxic? Note that this discussion is not intended to address the validity of the assessment ... other systems should also be considered, such as the internet, established federal standards, geographic information systems, and systems maintained by intended secondary data users This indicator

Ngày tải lên: 08/11/2019, 10:29

... actions TheEPA guidance for assessment of human health risks of remedial actions is muchless demanding than that for baseline risk assessments, and it makes quantitativeassessment optional (EPA, ... well-structured, prospective ecological risk assessments as part of Superfund remedial feasibility studies Although the EPA definition ofstressor in its “Guidelines for Ecological Risk Assessment” ... exposure assessment, effects assessment, riskcharacterization, and description of uncertainties Stressors (most often physical) arenew, and some assessment endpoints and exposure pathways are likely

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... parameters for assessment isnecessary Among the various criteria and models for translation qualityassessment, House’s model is chosen in this study because it is deemed to have acomprehensive set ... different views on equivalence will be discussed but thereshall be no separate discussion of translation assessment; instead, it is implied thatassessment of a translation is based on the respective ... characteristics oflegal translation will also be presented Chapter 2 – Application of House’s model for translation quality assessment In this chapter, House’s model for translation quality assessment

Ngày tải lên: 07/11/2012, 14:36

... REGIONAL SCALE ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENTgroups of stressors in this study to indicate the possible types of stressors releasing or resulting from the stressor sources Possible endpoint location is ... Appendix A) Stressor Sources Risk Scores The stressor sources risk scores represent the relative risks contributed by each of the stressor sources The risk score of each source is a summation of ... the stressor sources, stressors, habitats, andThis model serves as the basis for all risk assessment calculations discussed in thefollowing sections Figure 10.2 Legend Residential Light Industrial

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... activities, nearshore and shoreline structures, and shipping activities ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT 1999 Screening Level Ecological Risk Assessment The 1999 screening-level ecological risk assessment conducted ... nonpoint sources of pollution, as well as physical disturbances such as beach starvation and sedimentation Assessment Endpoints The assessment endpoints selected by WDNR for the initial risk assessment ... Regional-Scale Ecological Risk Assessment 236 WDNR Decision-Making and Management Needs 236 CP Study Area 237 Assessment Endpoints 238 Hypotheses 238 RRM Ecological Risk Assessment Results Summary

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... risks with the sources of risk clearly identified Spatially Explicit Sources and habitats are specifically included in the risk assessment, making it spatially explicit Risks can be defined for ... Wednesday, September 22, 2004 10:18 AM is as described in Chapter 2 and is briefly summarized in the following paragraphs Trang 4248 REGIONAL SCALE ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENTkinds of risks Ranks ... was developed during our ecological risk assessment of Port Valdez, Alaska Like this study area, Port Valdez has a variety of anthropogenic stressors including fish hatcheries, fish processing

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... risk assessment have shifted toward assessing risk from multiple stressors at a regional scale (Cook et al 1999; Cormier et al 2000) Such regional-scale risk assessments present many benefits ... characterization phases of theassessment pub-RISK ASSESSMENT METHODS The Cherry Point RRM risk assessment process followed in general the USEPAguidelines (1998) Accordingly, the problem formulation phase of ... receptor-specific methods The RRM integrates spatial information into the risk assessment process Using GIS to analyze spatially explicit datasets, the RRM ranks sources of stressors and habitats for

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 20:21

... chemistry, mathematics, and statistics It does not assume any familiaritywith ecological risk assessment or risk assessment in general A glossary is provided, becauseterms from risk assessment, ... PREDICTIVE VS RETROSPECTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT The EPA’s framework and guidelines for ecological risk assessment and the previous edition ofthis text distinguish retrospective from predictive risk assessment ... riskassessment Hence, when assessing risks from spills or other past events, we are assessing risksassociated with future consequences of those events They include ongoing toxic effects, thespread

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... routine assessments, such as those for new chemicals, the analysis plan may be defined by a standard protocol However, for novel assessments and site-specific assessments, it will be necessary to ... fish and mussels (Cormier et al 2000; Serveiss 2002) These value-initiated assessments must evolve into one or more assessments based on a conventional impetus, i.e., effects, exposures, or sources ... results of the various assessments are consistent (Chapter 37) ß 2006 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 18 Analysis Plans A limited data base is no excuse for not conducting a sound risk assessment

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... isbecause organisms are clearly defined entities, not just representatives of a level of organ-ization Hence, assessors must define assessment communities but not assessment organisms designs, these ... whatever standard or nonstandard expressions of theexposure–response relationship are available This chapter discusses alternative approachesand associated issues so that assessors understand the ... =nc ea =for human health risk asses sments, it is also useful for eco logical risk assessment s (Linder et al 2004) 23.1.3 S TATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE The traditional toxicity test endpoints for chronic

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... has published screeningassessments that represent the state-of-practice as part of its guidance for ecological riskassessment of contaminated sites These assessments use simple conservative assumptionssuch ... less complex analysis.30.6 INTEGRATION IN SPACE In regional assessments or other assessments at large spatial scales, the assessment mustintegrate risks over space The most common approach is ... distribution has been inadequately characterized, should be identified during screening assessments This information serves as input to the assessmentplanning process for any subsequent assessments Screening

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... Criteria for Selection of Assessment Endpoints for Ecological Risk Assessments Policy goals and societal values — Because the risks to the assessment endpoint are the basis for decision making, the choice ... may be used as assessment units In some cases, waste sites may constitute distinct habitats which can serve as assessment units For example, a grassy and rarely mowed waste burial ground surrounded ... plan for performing the assessment Risk assessors must be aware that not all representatives of agencies with risk management responsibilities are risk managers For example, in the United States...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... definitive risk assessments of aquatic biota for two reasons First, the form in the exposure assessment should match the form in the effects assessment Exposure–response models for aquatic biota are usually ... analysis of exposure is discussed 3.1 COMPONENTS OF ANALYSIS OF EXPOSURE This section discusses in general terms the activities that comprise the analysis of exposure Specific issues in sampling, ... conservative in most cases because they include complexed metals as well as dissolved metals Total concentrations are useful for screening assessments, but the dissolved form is appropriate for...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... Tests in both soil and soil solution may be useful for assessing risks from soil contaminants The relevance of published tests in soil to the assessment of risks to soil organisms seems self-evident, ... definitive assessments In definitive assessments, soil type and chemical speciation should be factors in decisions about the acceptability of data Tests should be chosen for risk assessments based on ... that should be understood by ecological risk assessors Assessors must be aware of these biases when these data are used to derive toxicity benchmarks or exposure–response models for chemicals Potential...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... screening assessments for earlier phases in the remedial process such as the RI work plan, but the process should be repeated for each new assessment Methods for screening assessments are presented ... indicates the risk of the mixture to an assessment endpoint The HI for definitive assessments differs from the HI for screening assessments (Section 5.1.5) in that realistic exposure and effects values ... Exposure to Toxicity Comparisons of exposure estimates may be performed in several ways For screening assessments and even most definitive assessments, HQs are calculated, where HQ = (total dose...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... effects of contamination 8.1.5 LAND USE Land-use scenarios play a different role in ecological risk assessments than they in human health risk assessments For human health risk assessments, remediation ... of exposure (Bowers et al., 1996) Although this criticism of risk assessment by Bowers and colleagues is based on human health risk, the same statistical argument applies to wildlife assessment ... different from the assumptions used in the derivation of PRGs, risk assessment is recommended More specifically, risk assessment is recommended: (a) if critical habitats are on or near the site; (b) if...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... manages the assessment © 2000 by CRC Press LLC 10.2.2 ASSESSMENT PLAN PHASE The assessment plan for an NRDA is equivalent to the analysis plan for a remedial investigation The discussion of analysis ... endpoint entities and processes as has NRDA However, as cost–benefit analysis becomes an increasingly important adjunct to risk assessment, NRDA and ecological risk assessment practices may converge ... pay for preservation of a resource, and results are sensitive to the context and wording of the questions 10.2.4 POST -ASSESSMENT PHASE The post -assessment phase consists of documenting the results...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... or in its floodplain risk assessor: An individual engaged in the performance of the technical components of risk assessments Risk assessors may have expertise in the analysis of risk or specific ... ecological risk assessment Risk Anal 14:477–481 Burmaster, D E and D A Hull 1997 Using lognormal distributions and lognormal probability plots in probabilistic risk assessments Hum Ecol Risk Assess 3:235–255 ... fish are collected for analysis as part of a combined human and ecological risk assessment, fillet (muscle) tissues are frequently the only tissues analyzed This is because these tissues represent...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... 2002 ELISA technology, risk & site selection (2) UAF July 2002 GC/HPLC validation and risk assessment (3) HUS October 2003 Integrated system Task: Develop risk assessment protocols and risk management ... project specifications in both the number of personnel trained and the numbers of field sites and samples analysed Methods for risk assessment of different pesticides in use in Vietnamese agriculture ... project design was a good one and that it has been successfully implemented This approach using case studies for risk assessment involved a careful examination of resources available, supplementing...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 13:20

... assessments used in psychiatry When assessment instruments are developed, study of the assessment process should be a standard procedure [9], but there has been little interest in guidelines for ... comprehensive set of heuristic guidelines that could support the assessor in executing the scoring process [85], but progress in the study of the assessment process is anticipated [9] Guidelines should ... impression [88], but difficulties with computerassisted assessment suggest a number of guidelines for users [41] The International Test Commission has developed guidelines on computer-based and...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 01:21