economics foundations of software engineering

... definition of the term sofnure engineering & ther, oF design or modifabiliy or sftrare prowss of almost any other concept Secondly, without unified theory, software engineers and software engineering ... characteristics of good software abstrac: tions?” and “what are the characteristics of good software onganiza- THE WORLD ACCORDING TO THE GUTSE, Two important properties of the world of software are ... can serve in ether rue This list of propositions can be viewed as a set of theories of software engineering, If they are truc, they can be of significant value to software developers, because with

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 09:20

... change in any of the following factors EXCEPT a the price of the good b the level of consumers' income c the prices of goods related in consumption d the tastes of consumers 2-3 Which of the following ... equilibrium in the market b there is a shortage of 180 units of the good c there is a surplus of 180 units of the good d there is a shortage of 80 units of the good 2-14 Use the following demand ... quantity supplied of the good, P is the price of the good, P Iis the price of an input, and F is the number of firms producing the good If P I = $20 and F = 60 what is the equation of the supply

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2017, 08:08

... demanded of the good of a one-dollar change in the price of the related good, all other things constant c b is the effect on the quantity demanded of the good of a one-dollar change in the price of ... price of an the lowest price that will induce firms to supply 400 units of output? Trang 19where Q s is the quantity supplied of the good, P is the price of the good, P Iis the price of an where ... price of an is the largest amount of the good that firms will supply when the price of the good is $20? INVERSE supply function is where Q s is the quantity supplied of the good, P is the price of

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2017, 08:08

... surplus of 10 units b shortage of 10 units c surplus of 30 units d shortage of 18 units e none of the above Answer: D b a surplus of 250 units c a shortage of 125 units Trang 5d a surplus of ... price of the good is $40, a there is equilibrium in the market b there is a shortage of 180 units of the good c there is a surplus of 180 units of the good d there is a shortage of 80 units of ... a price of $50 what will be the result? a a shortage of 120 b a surplus of 120 c a shortage of 160 d a surplus of 160 Answer: B Q 40 6P 8P 10F where Q s is the quantity supplied of the good,

Ngày tải lên: 01/03/2019, 11:37

... types of data For example, they both provide a basic readmethod The readmethod of Reader reads one character or an array of characters; the read method ofInputStreamreads one byte or an array of ... whether you take care of it in the normal flow of your program isan important design decision figure 8.1 Part of the Error and Exception class hierarchy NullPointerException IndexOutOfBoundsException ... ◗the declaration of the standard input stream in a useful form ◗the handling of any IOExceptionthat may be thrown ◗the parsing of an input line into separate tokens ◗the conversion of an input value

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... multiply(BigDecimal arg) Returns the result of this BigDecimal multiplied with the value of arg The scale of the resulting Decimal is the result of the addition of the two BigDecimal’s scales ... element from an empty stack EOFException (java.io)The end of file has been encountered before normal completion of an inputoperation Exception (java.lang)The root of the exception hierarchy FileNotFoundException ... represent the various strengthof the colors involved (0=off, 255=full on) The combination of three values pro-duce a specific color The RGB values are represented as three pairs of hex char-acters preceded

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... instance of a GridLayoutwith a dimension of rrows and ccolumns (default of 1 by any). public GridLayout(int r, int c, int hg, int vg) Creates a new instance of a GridLayoutwith a dimension of rrows ... widthand height The shape of the rounded corners are determined by the width of the arc (aWidth) and the height of the arc (aHeight). public void finalize() Disposes of the current graphics context. ... two-dimensional array in which the zero index of the first dimension holds the minimum width of each column and the one index of the first dimension holds the minimum height of each column. protected GridBagLayoutInfo

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 19:21

... piece of software It's not usually until you've built and used a version of the program that you understand the. .. principles of design Typically there are an enormous number of decisions ... first line of input and after the last. An action is a block of statements enclosed in braces. In the Awk version of Mar- kov, the BEGIN block initializes the prefix and a couple of other ... browser, wait, watch a barrage of advertisements, type a list of stocks, wait, wait, wait, then watch another barrage,... scenario is representative of the history of many bad interfaces It

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... one of the most common terms in computing Why should software be so hard? One reason is that the complexity of a program is related to the number of ways that its components can interact, and software ... techniques for ensuring the integrity of a software design-program proofs, modeling, requirements analysis, formal verification-but none of these has yet changed the way software is built; they have been ... (Microsoft Press, 1996) is an excellent description of how to build software in teams, with an emphasis on the role of proto- typing There are several interesting books on the design of graphical

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... terminating at EOF Checking for end of file at the bottom allows the g e t c and string loops to share a termination condition and lets a single p r i n t f handle end of string, end of file and ... Text-search programs like grep can find all the occurrences of names Cross-referencers give some idea of the program's structure A display of the graph of function calls is valuable if it isn't too big ... reveal the sequence of events A revision history of the program may give some clues by showing what has been done to the program over time Frequent changes are often a sign of code that is poorly

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... next occurrence of the first character of the pattern, and then called strncmp to see if the rest of the string matched the rest of the pattern Thus it skipped quickly over most of the message ... pathological cases such as looking for a pattern of a single x in a string of a thousand e's and a pattern of a thousand x's in a string of a single e, both of which can be handled badly by naive implementations ... measurement of where a program spends its time Some profiles list each function, the number of times it is called, and the fraction of execution time it consumes Others show counts of how many

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... portability as the program is created will pay off when the software must be updated Our message is this: try to write software that works within the intersection of the various standards, interfaces and ... hardware, and thus the properties of floating-point arithmetic are reasonably well defined Order of evaluation In C and C++, the order of evaluation of operands of expres- sions, side effects, ... 2 In the early days of PCs, the hardware supported several kinds of pointers Coping with this mess caused the invention of pointer modifiers like f a r and near, neither of which is standard,

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... combination of theory and engineering practice makes a lot of difference, an example of the benefit of specialized algorithms that we alluded to in Chapter 2 A regular expression is a sequence of characters ... example of the value of notation It applies a regular expression to each line of its input files and prints those lines that contain matching strings This simple specification, plus the power of regular ... specifying a repetition of the single previous period or literal character This subset provides a large fraction of the power with a tiny fraction of the programming complexity of general expressions

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... implementing a wide range of tools and also guides the structure of the programs that write programs We are all comfortable in the large general-purpose languages that serve for the bulk of our programming ... 228 UTF-8, 211,213,228 #endi f preprocessor directive, 199 end of file, control-Z 134, 207 endofl i n e function CSV 96 end of string metacharacter $, 222 enum declaralion, 20 enum pl Perl ... message format, 1 14 message misleading 134 numeric patterns o f , 124 off-by-one 13, 124 141 order of evaluation, 9, 193 out of bounds 153 patterns, 120 Pentium floating-point 130 p r i n t f conversion,

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 08:20

... Trang 2Foundations of International Economics Foundations of International Economics is a state-of-the-art collection of articles by leading Post Keynesian scholars ... Visiting Assistant Professor at Whittier College, California John T Harvey is Associate Professor of Economics at Texas Christian University Trang 4Foundations of International EconomicsPost Keynesian ... characteristic of Post Keynesian economics is therecognition of the importance of income distribution in explaining themacrodynamics of modern economies, as well as the socially determined natureof the

Ngày tải lên: 06/05/2015, 07:46

... many software products • Software engineering has the objective of solving the problems of software by producing good quality, maintainable software, on time, within budget Definition of Software ... setup and operate the software system (Program is a subset of software, or Software is a superset of programs) Software applications • • • • System Software: a collection of programs which provide ... Attributes of Good Software • Maintainability Software must evolve to meet changing needs • Dependability Software must be trustworthy • Efficiency Software should not make wasteful use of • system...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 18:20

... the software itself These are called defects or sometimes bugs or faults Remember, the software is not just the code; check the definition of software again to remind yourself When the software ... affected by the instability of the software The people using software are more interested in the software supporting them in completing tasks efficiently and effectively The software must meet their ... measure the quality of software in terms of the number of defects found, the tests run, and the system covered by the tests We can this for both the functional attributes of the software (for example,...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 02:20

... First-Time-Right Software 33 3.3 FUTURE SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT TRENDS 35 3.3.1 Software Development Categories 35 3.3.2 Software Factories 36 3.4 SOFTWARE ... software development Chapter 1: Introduction 10 FUNDAMENTALS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PROJECT MANAGEMENT Their own roles in a software development project Management techniques for improved software ... Contents FUNDAMENTALS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PROJECT MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION 1.1 SOFTWARE S GROWING IMPORTANCE • The days when computer software development could be handled as part of documentation...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 23:20

... Principal Associate, Software Engineering Management Associates (SEMA) Phillip Laplante, Professor of Software Engineering, Penn State University Evan Butterfield, Director of Products and Services ... these discussions of software engineering ethics and our dark side issues For whatever reason, the issues we raise are simply not yet on the radar of most authors of software engineering materials ... any discussions of ethical dilemmas in our field The second recent IEEE Computer coverage of software engineering ethics was actually a special issue devoted to the topic ( Software Engineering Ethics,”...

Ngày tải lên: 31/05/2014, 01:41

... subject of study; in software engineering it can be either a process to produce software or a software product In an article on research methods in software engineering [30] we nd three types of research ... Problems with software development Software development can often be challenging There are many examples of software projects that have failed The much-cited Standish report on software projects ... years of conferences like the International Conference on Software Engineering, The Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering Conference, the International Conference on Product Focused Software...

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2014, 16:33