domain engineering and phase transformations

... structure is termed the “X”-phase by these authors Recently, a detailed study in search of the “X”-phase has been performed by Kisi and Forrester [60-62] The “X”-phase, however, was not detected ... the deformation process of the crystal may occur via domain switching and structural twinning and transformation such that a lower symmetry phase may be formed giving rise to the lower 2θ peak ... 44.64o Figure 5.4 (a), (c) and (e) (002) XRD profiles taken from the as-polished surface of PZN-7%PT, PZN-8%PT and PZN-9%PT, respectively (b), (d) and (f) same as (a), (c) and (e) but taken from...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... Trang 1Solidification and phase transformations in welding Subjects of Interest Part I: Solidification and phase transformations in carbon steel and stainless steel welds Part II: ... are required to understand solidification and phase transformations in the weld, which affect the weld microstructure in carbon steels, stainless steels, aluminium alloys and titanium alloys. Suranaree ... Sep-Dec 2007steel and stainless steel welds • Carbon and alloy steels with higher strength levels are more difficult to weld due to the risk of hydrogen cracking Fe-C phase binary phase diagram....

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 09:20

... OF PHASE AND DOMAIN STRUCTURES AND THERMALLY-INDUCED PHASE TRANSFORMATIONS IN PZN-(4.5-9)%PT CHANG WEI SEA NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2009 Trang 2HIGH-RESOLUTION X-RAY STUDY OF PHASE ... inclined at angle ∆ω, and the corresponding RSMs for micro- and nanoscale domains Fig 6.6 Schematic illustration of coexistence of both untilted and tilted (100)T and (001)T micro/nanodomains in PZN-9%PT ... of Relaxor Ferroelectric Single Crystals Thus Far 2.3.1 Bulk Phase Transformation and Domain Studies 2.3.2 Surface Layer and Dual Phases Chapter 3 Statement of Present Research 3.1 Objective...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 08:40

... suggestions and comments to further improve the text in eventual second edition Blackburg, VA, USA Shashank Priya Contents Part I Domain Engineering and Phase Transformations Domain Engineering and Phase ... on domain engineering and phase transformations covering the role of morphotropic phase boundary, electric-field induced phase transition, intermediate bridging phases, polarization rotation and ... These results indicate a phase Domain Engineering and Phase Transformations Fig 1.10 Modified phase diagram of PMN-xPT around the MPB The symbols separating the MC and T phases represent the temperatures...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 09:20

... orthorhombic-tetragonal phase transformation, and when the temperature is higher than 420°C, the tetragonal phase changes to a cubic phase or becomes paraelectric 2 The phase diagram of (1-x) ... method Phase identification, thermal analysis, and microstructures of the prepared glass and glass ceramics were also investigated by X-ray diffraction [XRD], differential thermal analysis [DTA], and ... Malaysia) Results and discussion The XRD pattern of a calcined KNN sample (Figure 2) displays the diffraction peaks of the KNN perovskite phase, together with an unknown phase The unknown phase here...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

...    d2  j  − 3c     N π κ2 SNR      (59) i = p and j = q i = p and j = q j = q and i = p (60) i = q and j = p j = p and i = q else Note that similarly as in [33] the signal attenuation ... the general form of the REFB-USR-LS and the REFB-USR-WLS estimates are derived in the same way as (18) and (19) by replacing PPu P and Q with TT MT Mj Ti and Qi,j , respectively We not repeat ... again two projections P and Pu , and arrive at Pu P(ψ a − (Pu) (Pu)) = 2Pu PXT x + Pu Pm, a (31) the right hand side of which is exactly the same as the one in (17), and thus we can state Pu...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 20:20

... Lee1, and Young-Hie Lee*2 Department of Ceramic Engineering, Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-Si, 660-701, South Korea Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, ... The d33, kp, and relative density of 0.98NKN-0.02BZT ceramics sintered at 1,080°C are 201 pC/N, 0.33, and 88%, respectively and peaked their maximum values, which are 217 pC/N, 0.41, and 97%, respectively ... Chesterland, OH, USA) The kp was calculated by measuring the antiresonance and resonance frequencies The relative density of the sintered samples was measured by the Archimedes method Results and...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... 0.15, and 0.20) were fabricated using a solid-state mixed oxide method and sintered between 1,050°C and 1,175°C for h The effect of (Ba0.7Sr0.3)TiO3 [BST] content on phase, microstructure, and ... directions due to the coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal phases (eight directions for rhombohedral phase and six directions for tetragonal phase) was also a reason that gave a high Pr in ... Na2CO3, TiO2, K2CO3, BaCO3, and SrCO3 A stoichiometric amount of BNKT and BST powders was weighed, ball-milled for 24 h, and dried using the oven-drying method BNKT and BST powders were separately...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 23:20

... Metrics and Characteristics of Battery In order to understand the properties and the differences of various battery systems and to evaluate their performances, it is necessary to understand several ... Fabrication Support Centre) and Dr Zhang Jixuan (from Department of Material Science and Engineering, i Transmission Electron Microscopy Laboratory) for their technical supports and assistances in my ... LiFe1/3Mn1/3Co1/3PO4/C calcined at 600 ° and 650 ° for h and (b) enlarged 2 region shows C C the shift in the positions of (301), (311) and (121) diffraction peaks 177 (a-b) Low magnification and (c-d) high magnification...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 10:10

... FeO, RuO2, Fe2O3 and Cr2O3, adopt the conversion mechanism Finally, a number of metallic and semi-metallic elements in groups IV and V (such as Si, Sn, Ge, Pb, P, As, Sb, and Bi) and some other ... compositing and carbon’s hinderer of particle growth, Li 3.8Fe0.3Ti4.9O12/CNTs and LiCrTiO4/CNTs composites respectively exhibit large capacities of 106 and 120 mAh g –1 at 10 C, which are about nine and ... energy and vice versa It generally consists of a cathode, anode, electrolyte and separator, as schematically illustrated in Fig 1.1 Both the cathode and anode act as the sinks of Li+ ions, and the...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 11:18

... (d) and only POLY7 (e) 150 Figure 4.9 IR spectra of (a) Ag and (b) Au NPs before and after extraction 151 Figure 4.10 Absorption spectra of water layer before and after removal of (a) Ag and ... and only POLY13 (e) 191 Figure 5.10 IR spectra of (a) Ag and (b) Au NPs before and after extraction 192 xxii Figure 5.11 Absorption spectra of water layer before and after removal of Ag (a) and ... (TM6 – TM7 and POLY7 – POLY9) 145 Table 4.4 Extraction efficiency of the target compounds (TM6 – TM7 and POLY7 – POLY9) for Au and Ag NPs 158 Table 4.5 Zeta potentials of NPs before and after...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:19

... SYSTEMS AND METAL THIN FILMS ON SILICONE AND NAFION MEMBRANES WANG KE (M.Sc., CUGB; M.Eng., CUGW) A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL AND BIOMOLECULAR ENGINEERING ... sulfur-containing amino-acids, Bi3+-complex ion and phosphines, to replace Pb in the ENP solution, and proposal of suitable ligands to introduce indissoluble Bi3+ ion and phosphines into the weak acidic ... ions with hexaquonickel ion was first proposed by Cavallotti and Salvago (1968), and then supported by the calorimetric study of Randin and Hintermann (1970) In this mechanism, the chemical reduction...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 14:01

... and reagents All reagents were purchased from Aldrich, Fluka, Merck and TCI and were used without further purification unless noted otherwise Tetrahydrofuran (THF) was distilled over sodium and ... amphiphilic poly(p-phenylene)s synthesized and used for the present study 6.3.1 Synthesis and characterization of monomers and polymers The polymers C6PPPOH, C12PPPOH and C18PPPOH were synthesized using ... equipped with a Water 410 differential refractometer HPLC system and Waters Styragel HR 4E columns using THF as eluent and polystyrene as standard The XRD patterns were recorded on an X-ray powder diffractometer...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 18:36

... Results and Discussions 5.2.1 Synthesis of Polymer C12PPPOC11OH The synthesis and characterization of the monomer dibromohydroquinone, 2,5dibromo-4-dodecyloxyphenol, and polymers C12PPPOBZn and C12PPPOH ... C12PPPC11OH and C12PPPC11OH -silica composite prepared from 1:1 and 1:0.5 silica -C12PPPC11OH ratios Infrared spectra of the polymers, C12PPPC11OH, C12PPPOH and polymer-silica composites before and after ... water and organic solvents On comparing the UV-Vis and emission studies of the polymers in THF and polymer-incorporated composite dispersed in THF, no significant shift in the absorption and emission...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 18:37

... interesting LC phases (anisotropic properties), and enhanced ordering at interfaces.15,16 Our group is focusing on the design and development of homologous series of conjugated polymers and fabrication ... 700 Time/sec 1400 Figure 4.11 SPS (A and C) layer film measured before and after electropolymerization at a scan rate of 100 mV/s and 20 mV/s respectively (B and D) difference in reflectivity with ... applications in organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), field-effect transistors (FET), and bio- and chemosensors, and mostly fabricated by spin coating or electrochemistry through physisorption on...

Ngày tải lên: 14/09/2015, 18:37