digital signal processing by ramesh babu ppt

... distortion, such as signal-to-noise ratio, perceptual coders attempt to minimize perceived distortion Implicit in this approach is the idea that signal fidelity perceived by humans is a better ... remove signal redun-dancy and perceptual coding techniques to remove signal irrelevancy Combined, these methods yield a high compression ratio while ensuring maximal quality in the decoded signals ... is digital audio radio (DAR) In the U.S this may have one of several realizations: a terrestrial broadcast in the existing FM band, with the digital audio available as an adjunct to the FM signal

Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2014, 19:20

... Applications”Digital Signal Processing Handbook Ed Vijay K Madisetti and Douglas B Williams Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999 Trang 2Hall, J.L “Auditory Psychophysics for Coding Applications”Digital Signal ... bandwidthsshown in Fig.39.2are determined not only by the bandwidth of peripheral auditory filters but also by changes in processing efficiency By their argument, the bandwidth of peripheral auditory ... strict criterion (“yes” only if the signal is definitely present) or a lax criterion (“yes” if the signal might be present) The subject can respond correctly either by a positive response in the presence

Ngày tải lên: 19/01/2014, 19:20

... proceeds as follows: A relevant signal is specified by a mouse-click operation (if a signal segment is involved, it is selected by a click-and-drag operation or by a pair of mouse-click operations) ... of the signal Others, such as ESPS, attempt to store all relevant information In this approach, the header of a signal file produced by any program includes the program name, values of processing ... vs Interpreted Here we distinguish according to whether the bulk of the signal processing or display code (whether written by developers or users) is interpreted or compiled 50.5.1 Interpreted

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 13:20

... in a program and to step through the program line by line The purpose of DSP programming is to manipulate digital signals for a specific signal processing application To achieve this goal, DSP ... array is referenced by y [0], the second value in the y array is referenced by y [1], and the last element is indexed by y [K 1] Multidimensional arrays can be defined simply by appending more ... elements or values in the array by using subscripts The subscripts always start with 0 and are incremented by 1 In C, all data types can be declared as an array by placing the number of elements

Ngày tải lên: 25/01/2014, 19:20

... Moura 70 Space-Time Adaptive Processing for Airborne Surveillance Radar Hong Wang PART XIII Nonlinear and Fractal Signal Processing 71 Chaotic Signals and Signal Processing Alan V Oppenheim and ... Center for Signal and Image Processing(CSIP) and teaches courses in signal processing and telecommunications Dr Williams has served as an Associate Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing ... Trang 5To our familiesTrang 6Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is concerned with the theoretical and practical aspects of representinginformation bearing signals in digital form and with using computers

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 12:15

... 1Introduction to Real-Time Digital Signal Processing Signals can be divided into three categories ± continuous-time (analog) signals,discrete-time signals, and digital signals The signals that we encounter ... we design and implement digitalsystems for processing digital signals using digital hardware However, the analysis of such signals and systems usually uses discrete-time signals and systems for ... the term `discrete-time' and `digital' inter-changeably math-Digital signal processing (DSP) is concerned with the digital representation of signalsand the use of digital hardware to analyze,

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 14:15

... Trang 1de Haan, G “Video Scanning Format Conversion and Motion Estimation”Digital Signal Processing Handbook Ed Vijay K Madisetti and Douglas B Williams Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, ... Conversion Applied to Video Signals High-quality scanning format conversion is difficult to achieve, as the conditions of the sampling theorem are generally not met in video signals The solution of ... fundamental, problem occurs at the signal acquisition stage Since scenes do occur with almost unlimited spatial and/or temporal bandwidth, the sampling theo-rem requires that this signal be low-pass filtered

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2013, 18:15

... of video filteringcommu-methods can be found in the book Digital Video Processing by Tekalp [8] This chapter summarizeskey results in digital image and video restoration 53.2 Modeling Every image ... can be found in the books by Andrews and Hunt [1] and Gonzalezand Woods [2] More recent developments are summarized in the book by Katsaggelos [3], and re-view papers by Meinel [4], Demoment [5], ... ConclusionReferences 53.1 Introduction Digital images and video, acquired by still cameras, consumer camcorders, or even broadcast-qualityvideo cameras, are usually degraded by some amount of blur and noise

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2013, 18:15

... basic elements of a digital signal processing system The analog signal is first converted to a discrete time signal by a sample and hold circuit The FIGURE 5.1: Digital signal processing system ... analog-to-digital converter (A/D) circuit where the sampled analog signal is converted to a digitally coded signal The digital signal is then applied to 1999 by CRC Press LLC Trang 3the digital signal ... an analog signal by a digital-to-analog converter (D/A) A digital filtering application may produce an analog signal as its output, whereas a speech recognition system may pass the digital output

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2013, 18:15

... essence) continuous signals in a digital fashion This means that we do not deal with these signals directly, but only with sampled versions of it: we only retain the values of these signals at a discrete ... Trang 1Kalker, T “On Multidimensional Sampling”Digital Signal Processing Handbook Ed Vijay K Madisetti and Douglas B Williams Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, ... generated by a matrix M In particular det(M∗) = det(M)−1 For example, the reciprocal lattice of the lattice of Fig.4.1is generated by This lattice is very similar to the original lattice: it differs by

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2013, 18:15

... Exponential Input eζtThe exponential signal is the most important signal in the study of LTI systems Interestingly, the particular solution for an exponential input signal turns out to be very simple ... the form of the solution is modified slightly By direct substitution we can show that the solution of the equation (D − λ)2y c (t) = 0 is given by y c (t) = (c1+ c2t)e λt In this case the rootλ ... coefficients Many engineering (as well as nonengineering) systems can be modeled by these equations Systems modeled by these equations are known as linear time-invariant (LTI) systems In this chapter

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2013, 20:15

... analog signal x(t) into digital form x(n).The input signal is first sampled to obtain the discrete-time signal x(nT) Each x(nT)value is then encoded using B-bit wordlength to obtain the digital signal ... time by one sampling period, T, asillustrated in Figure 3.4 The box labeled z 1 represents the unit delay, x(n) is the inputsignal, and is the output signal, which is the input signal delayed by ... 3.1.3, a digital system can be completely characterized by itsimpulse response h…n† Consider a digital system illustrated in Figure 3.8, where x…n† isthe input signal and y…n† is the output signal

Ngày tải lên: 19/10/2013, 23:15

... structure specified by γ k, an expansioncoefficientt[k], and a residual R k, which is passed on to the next stage After a total ofM stages, the signal can be approximated by a linear function ... compress the video sequence by a factor of 1140 Asimple approach is to subsample the sequence in time and space For example, if we subsample bothchroma components by 2 in each dimension, i.e., ... whole sequence temporally by 4, the bit rate becomes 9.1 Mbits/s However, to transmit the video over a 64 kbits/s channel, it is necessary to compress the subsampled sequence by another factor of

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 16:15

... transform (FFT) algorithm in 1965has opened a new area in digital signal processing by reducing the order of complexity of 1Reprinted from Signal Processing 19:259-299, 1990 with kind permission from ... played a key role in the widespread use ofdigital signal processing in a variety of applications such as telecommunications, medical electronics,seismic processing, radar or radio astronomy to ... Apossible explanation is that the growing interest in the theoretical aspects of digital signal processingwas motivated by technical improvements in semiconductor technology And, of course, this wasnot

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 16:15

... of any given signal involves the transformation of a time-domainsignal into its frequency components The need for describing a signal in the frequencydomain exists because signal processing is ... The basic mathematicalrepresentation of periodic signal x(t) with period T0 (in seconds) is the Fourier seriesdefined as Real-Time Digital Signal Processing Sen M Kuo,Bob H Lee Copyright # 2001 ... longer periodic Thus the signal becomes non-periodic and itsspectrum becomes continuous In real applications,most signals such as speech signals are not periodic Consider thesignal that is not periodic

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 22:15

... beenpreviously combined A digital filter is a mathematical algorithm implemented in hard-ware, firmware, and/or software that operates on a digital input signal to produce adigital output signal for achieving ... spectral content of input signals in a specified manner Common filtering objectives include improving signal quality,extracting information from signals, or separating signal components that have ... categories: analogfilters and digital filters Similar specifications are used for both analog and digitalfilters In this chapter, we will discuss digital filters exclusively The digital filtersare assumed

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 22:15

... the high degree of realism provided by scenes with depth Depth in real world scenes can be explicitly measured by a number of range sensing devices such as by laser range sensors, structured light, ... the two images can be determined by either matching features or by operating on or matching of small patches of gray values Feature matching requires as a preprocessing step the extraction of ... requires temporal dependencies to be exploited by postprocessing of the disparity fields If an image sequence is recorded as an interlaced video signal, disparity estimation should be carried

Ngày tải lên: 27/10/2013, 23:15

... Application of Digital Signal Processing, ... convolutions, Circuits Syst Signal Process., 14(5):603–614, 1995 [17] McClellan, J.H and Rader, C.M., Number Theory in Digital Signal Processing, ... common roots, then C M ∼ c  1999 by CRC Press LLC [...]... domain signal processing with the DFT, in D F Elliot, ed., Handbook of Digital Signal Processing, ch 8, 633–699, Academic ... IEEE Trans Signal Process., 43(4):822–830, 1995 [11] Gold, B and Rader, C.M., Digital Processing of Signals, McGraw-Hill, New York,... C.S., Digital filter structures described by distributed

Ngày tải lên: 27/10/2013, 23:15

... Discrete-Time Signals and Systems, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PrenticeHall, 1983 [2] V K Ingle and J G Proakis, Digital Signal Processing Using MATLAB V.4, Boston: PWS Publishing, 1997 [3] Signal Processing ... Proakis and D G Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing ± Principles, Algorithms, and Applications, 3rd Ed., Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1996 [7] S K Mitra, Digital Signal Processing: A Computer-Based ... Grover and J R Deller, Digital Signal Processing and the Microcontroller, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1999 [9] F Taylor and J Mellott, Hands-On Digital Signal Processing, New York, NY:

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 05:15

... Figure 8.2, where d(n) is adesired signal (or primaryinput signal), y(n) is the output of a digital filter driven byareference input signal x(n), and an error signal e(n) is the difference between ... identified and W(z) is a digital filter used to modelP(z) Byexciting both the unknown system P(z) and the digital model W(z) with the sameexcitation signal x(n) and measuring the output signals y(n) and ... necessarily of this type A signal that is generated in a random fashion and cannot be described bymathematical expressions or rules is called a random (or stochastic) signal The signals in the real

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2013, 18:15