dental age estimation methods willems et al 2002

... 2001, Hardbound, 1348 pages ISBN: 0-444-50623-3 Y MUKAKAMI (Kyushu University, Japan) Metal Fatigue: Effects of Small Defects and Nonmetallic Inclusions 2002, Hardbound, 380 pages ISBN: 0-08-044064-9 ... using reagents which make Cu minerals water repellent while leaving waste minerals 'wetted' These reagents cause Cu Air bubble dispersion system Fig 1.3 Schematic view of flotation cell Reagents ... Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions or...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... sequential stages: (a) the FeS elimination or slag forming stage: 2FeS + 3 0 , + S O 2 + 2FeO.SiO2 + 2 S 0 , + heat in molten in flux molten slag in (b) the blister copper forming stage: C u 2 ... Extractive Metallurgy of Copper Table 2.1 Usage of copper by exploited property (Copper Development Association, 2002) and by application (Noranda, 2002) Electrical conductivity is the property ... more than 1 or 2% Cu Copper ores containing down to 0.5% Cu (average) are being mined from open pits while ores down to 1% (average) are being taken from underground mines Table 2.2 Principal...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... rotate hot, steam-heated stainless steel coils through the moist feed (Sagedahl and Broenlund, 1999) Steam drying has the advantages of: (a) efficient use of flash furnace waste heat boiler steam ... amount of ferric oxide Small amounts of AI2O3, CaO and MgO are also present, as is a small percentage of dissolved sulfur (typically less than one percent) Cu contents range from less than 1 to ... expense of reducing this CuzO and settling the resulting copper almost always overwhelms the advantage Utigard, T.A and Warczok, A ( 1 995) Density and viscosity of copperhickel sulphide smelting...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... oxygen-air 'blast' system The injection system operates at -7 atmospheres gage - the 'blast' system at -1.25 atmospheres gage A furnace typically has 4 concentrate-injection tuyeres and 45 'blast' ... favored by the opposites of (a) to (d) 6.5 Cu-in-Slag and Molten Converter Slag Recycle An advantage of Inco flash smelting is that its slag can be sufficiently dilute in Trang 5lnco Flush Smelting ... less than 1% Cu so it can be discarded without Cu-recovery treatment This gives it a cost advantage over most other modem smelting techniques Also, converter slag can be recycled through the furnace...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... or two percent Cu, Table 4.2 The percentage increases as matte grade increases Converter slag contains four to eight percent Cu, Table 9.2 Its percentage increases as converting proceeds, i.e ... furnace settling has the advantage that it can be used for recovering C u from reverts and miscellaneous materials around the smelter Slag flotation has the advantages of more efficient Cu recovery ... process and in 1995 installed the world's first commercial furnace The process has the disadvantages that: (a) it must granulation-solidify and crush its matte feed, which requires extra energy...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... prevent seepage of gas back through the refractory wall of the furnace Reprinted by permission of CIM, Montreal, Canada Trang 3Table 15.1 Sulfur and oxygen contents at various stages of fire ... impure 'blister' copper, however, it can be advantageous to eliminate a portion of the impurities during fire refining (Jiao et during the oxidation stage of fire refining The flux may be blown into ... has been lowered to -0.15% 0 (as detected with disposable solid electrolyte probes [Electro-nite, 20021 or by examination of copper test blocks) Copper with this oxygen content 'sets flat' when...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... decrease in oxygen overpotential Advantage (c) lowers electrowinning energy consumption and decreases the need for Co++ additions to electrolyte The disadvantages of the new anode are its cost and ... and titanium layers provide inertness The Pb-alloy center provides toughness The potential advantages of this anode (Hardee and Brown, 1999; Hiskey, 1999) are: (a) minimization of Pb contamination ... anode is satisfactory but it corrodes slowly and slightly contaminates the electrowon copper In 2002, the leading candidate for an inert anode is the iridiudtitaniudlead sandwich, Fig 19.2 The...

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 04:20

... operating supplies, including freight 30 and handling Reagents and grinding balls reagents and lime human resources, laboratory, management, propcrty high for hard primary ores and low for ... by section, expressed as a percentage of the total investment cost Control equipment costs are included in each section investment cost 10 Ore handling, storage, conveying equipment Semi-autogenous ... 0.15 0.05 Dewatering, filtering, drying, storage and loading of Tailings disposal, effluent control, water recycle human resources, laboratory, management, property Local overhead (accounting,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 04:23

... requirement 274,283 flowsheet 266 grain refining agents 277 impurity behavior 269 industrial data 274 inspection, short circuit 279 leveling agents 277 control of 277 location 18 map of world's ... for 33 effect on Cu recovery 34 pH effect 44,45 reagents for 42 quantities 48 regrind for 46, 47 sensors 51 tailings disposal 52 advantages 183 efficiency 182 industrial data 182 acid plant ... industrial data I79 Electrolytic tough pitch copper 369 Electrolyte electrorefining 273 addition agents 277 removal of impurities 276 electrowinning 332, 335 control of impurities 332, 336 Electromotive...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 04:23

... 2001, Hardbound, 1348 pages ISBN: 0-444-50623-3 Y MUKAKAMI (Kyushu University, Japan) Metal Fatigue: Effects of Small Defects and Nonmetallic Inclusions 2002, Hardbound, 380 pages ISBN: 0-08-044064-9 ... using reagents which make Cu minerals water repellent while leaving waste minerals 'wetted' These reagents cause Cu Air bubble dispersion system Fig 1.3 Schematic view of flotation cell Reagents ... sequential stages: (a) the FeS elimination or slag forming stage: 2FeS + 3 0 , + S O 2 + 2FeO.SiO2 + 2 S 0 , + heat in molten in flux molten slag in (b) the blister copper forming stage: C u 2...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... operate near magnetite saturation (line CD) Extensive oxidation and lower smelting temperatures encourage the formation of Fez03 in the slag Avoiding these conditions minimizes magnetite precipitation ... in the matte This generates a higher matte grade On the other hand, using too much oxygen encourages oxidation of Cu, as shown previously: Trang 10The Cu oxide generated by this reaction dissolves ... layer still also helps A trade-off is at work here, too Higher matte and slag temperatures encourage Reaction (4.15) to go to completion and decrease viscosity, but they cost more in terms of energy...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... oxygen-air 'blast' system The injection system operates at -7 atmospheres gage - the 'blast' system at -1.25 atmospheres gage A furnace typically has 4 concentrate-injection tuyeres and 45 'blast' ... (Torres, 1998; Alvarado et al., 1995) Infrared (e.g Thermacam [FLIR Systems, 20021) imaging is used The infrared image gives a picture of refractory wear in the furnace particularly useful in ... oxidation is advantageous because continuous smelting furnaces capture SO2 more efficiently than discontinuous batch converters Noranda and Teniente smelting gain this SO2 advantage from the violent...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... accretion ‘tubes’ are formed in front of the tuyeres They also indicate that tuyere blockage is discouraged by high matte temperature and oxygen-enrichment of the blast This is particularly important ... rapid slag formation and (ii) fluid slag with a minimum of entrained matte It also discourages tuyere blockage (Bustos et al., 1987) An upper limit of about 1250°C is imposed to prevent excessive ... with a high percentage of quartz (rather than tridymite or feldspar) Trang 8144 Extractive Metallurgy ofcopper 9.2.7 Endpoint determinations Slag blow The slag-forming stage is terminated...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... furnace settling has the advantage that it can be used for recovering C u from reverts and miscellaneous materials around the smelter Slag flotation has the advantages of more efficient Cu recovery ... operating costs This chapter (i) describes direct-to-copper smelting in 2002 and (ii) examines the degree to which its potential advantages have been realized The chapter indicates that the principal ... Direct-to-Copper Smelting The principal advantage of direct-to-copper smelting is isolation of SO2 evolution to one furnace The principal disadvantage of the process is its large amount of Cu-in-slag...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... advantageous to eliminate a portion of the impurities during fire refining (Jiao et al., 1991; Newman et al., 1992) The process entails adding appropriate fluxes during the oxidation stage of ... polypropylene with heat-setting tape (Scheibler, 2002), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and acetonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) strips (Marley, 2002) are used The bottoms of the stainless steel ... per million organic leveling and grain refining addition agents They are steam heated to 60-65”C, cooling several degrees during passage through the cell Electrolyte is circulated through each...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... supply rate Air header (400 m long) Air distribution lines (85m long) Fan single stage axial fan, -0.1 atmosphere gage delivery uressure 17.2.5 Pregnant solution collection The product pregnant ... heap) Sprinklers and drip emitters are used almost equally Sprinklers (wobblers) have the advantage that they distribute solution evenly over large areas Drip emitters require little maintenance ... however, remains in production Trang 5Hydrometallurgical Copper Extraction 30 I The potential advantages of chalcopyrite concentrate leaching over smelting are: (a) avoidance of gaseous effluents,...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:20

... [2001], Francis and Ke [2002], Frankel, Johnson, and Nelson [2002],and Reynolds, Deis, and Francis [2002]) This line of research uses factorscommonly associated with earnings management, such as discretionary ... evidence stud-of earnings management (e.g., Chung and Kallapur [2001], Francis and Ke [2002], Frankel, Johnson, and Nelson [2002], and Reynolds, Deis, andFrancis [2002]) Specifically, this line ... use earnings management surrogates toproxy for auditor independence, we argue that our proxy is more direct andless noisy Specifically, although studies investigating earnings managementassume...

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:42

... examine the association between managerial ownership andearnings management Klein (2002) examines the association between corporategovernance mechanisms and earnings management In each study, the data ... Researchalso affords management substantial flexibility in reporting accrual-based earnings.Prior research has noted that management may use this flexibility to opportunisticallymanage earnings Such ... accommodating to the client in the early years of an engagement in anattempt to limit losses on the current engagement and to ensure a repeat engagement.The above discussion leads to the following...

Ngày tải lên: 06/01/2015, 19:43

... the θ coordinates, and related rotations of θ into the spacetime coordinate x A further advantage of superfields is that they automatically include, in addition to the dynamical degrees of freedom, ... notes The second is one of the current areas of active research It is our belief that superspace methods eventually will provide a framework for streamlining the phenomenology, once we have better ... attracting increased attention, but there are still many issues to be settled; there again, superspace methods should prove useful We assume the reader has a knowledge of standard quantum field theory...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 14:38

... ultimately increasing the noise in the final image The use of non-rigid registrations (NRR) among gated-PET images leads to high-quality, low-noise motion-free PET images An interesting alternative to PET-CT ... to radiation damage; they also show a high sensitivity, low leakage current and a good time resolution [5] In particular, synthetic CVD diamond presents the additional advantage that can be manufactured ... C F., Verhey L J and Xia P., Med Phys., 29 (2002) 1109 [17] Rosenfeld A B., Radiat Prot Dosim., 101 (2002) 393 [18] Holmes-Siedle A., Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res A, 121 (1974) 169 [19] Cirrone...

Ngày tải lên: 03/05/2014, 19:06