declaring graphics with mxml and fxg

... learning gains in the animation-with-text group as compared with the graphics-with-text group The results were analyzed using ANOVA In the animation-with-text group, pre and posttest scores show a ... significant difference with the mean values of 5.5 and 7.1 respectively In the graphic-with-text group pre and post scores show a statistically significant difference with means of 5.1 and 7.1 respectively ... “experimental” study with the primary purpose of exploring the effectiveness of animations-with-text compared to graphics-with-text in comprehending scientific knowledge on fourth, fifth and sixth grade

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 12:20

... Trang 2Mobile 3D Graphics with OpenGL ES and M3G Trang 4Mobile 3D Graphicswith OpenGL ES and M3G Kari Pulli Tomi Aarnio Ville Miettinen Kimmo Roimela ... 6CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 About this Book 2 1.2 Graphics on Handheld Devices 3 1.3 Mobile Graphics Standards 12 CHAPTER 2 LINEAR ALGEBRA FOR 3D GRAPHICS 27 2.1 Coordinate Systems 27 Trang 72.3 ... Near and Far Planes and the Depth Buffer 45 2.6 Viewport and 2D Coordinate Systems 51 CHAPTER 3 LOW-LEVEL RENDERING 55 3.1 Rendering Primitives 57 3.3 Culling and Clipping 70 3.3.2 Clipping and

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 11:20

... of data exist: keep vertex and triangle data short and simple, and make as few rendering calls as possible. Trang 4In addition to the layout and format of the vertex and triangle data used, where ... modeling and exporting pipeline All interconnecting “scene” geometry could be represented with a higher accuracy (16-bit coordinates), and all smaller and moving objects could be expressed with lower ... lighting models and of multiple light sources However, with fixed-functionality pipelines of OpenGL ES 1.x and M3G 1.x one should primarily utilize texture-based and precomputed illumination, and try

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 11:20

... OpenGL ES 1.1, and it runs on several handheld operating systems Hybrid’s Rasteroid package contains free implementations of both OpenGL ES 1.1 and OpenVG 1.0, and runs on desktop Windows and many ... of directors and decide which standards are created, and ratify the results of the different working groups Contributor companies participate in the working groups to define the standards Additionally, ... Trang 1PERFORMANCE AND SCALABILITYTransferring a mobile application and associated data over the network is often both slow and expensive, and in many cases the network operators

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 11:20

... emulated with a texture-mapped pair of triangles The depth and stencil buffers cannot be read back, as glReadBuffer and glCopyPixels have been omitted glReadPixels is supported, although with a ... other hand, is a cross-platform library for handling system-level input and output This includes mouse event Trang 4handling, keyboard input, timer events, and support for more exotic devices The ... GL_STACK_OVERFLOW Command would cause a stack overflow Yes GL_STACK_UNDERFLOW Command would cause a stack underflow Yes GL_OUT_OF_MEMORY Not enough memory to execute command Unknown wrap every GL call with a

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 11:20

... pixels, and it defaults to 1. Points can be drawn either with or without antialiasing (enabled and dis- abled with GL_POINT_SMOOTH). With antialiasing off, the points are drawn as squares and the ... last and first vertex. The line width, in pixels, can be set with void glLineWidth{fx}(GLfloat width), and the lines can be drawn either with or without antialiasing (enabled and disabled with ... object is created with a call to void glBindBuffer(GLenum target, GLuint buffer) where target is GL_ARRAY_BUFFER and buffer is a handle to the buffer. If buffer is an unused handle and greater than

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 11:20

... not very compatible with modern 3D graphics, and was left out The desktop version also allows other components than the ambient and the diffuse to be copied from vertex colors, and provides specular ... are copied into the ambient and the diffuse material components The specular and the emissive components are not affected by color material The handling of colors and materials in OpenGL ES is ... to start with, the normal vectors have to be normalized individually, Trang 3by calculating their lengths and dividing the normal by the length This is by far the mostexpensive option, and the

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 11:20

... GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_AMBIENT, blueish ); glMaterialfv( GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_DIFFUSE, blueish ); glMaterialfv( GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_SPECULAR, red_transp ); glMaterialfv( GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, ... ES RASTERIZATION AND FRAGMENT PROCESSING This chapter covers everything that happens after the transformation and lighting pipeline First the primitives are clipped and culled, and the surviving ... subimage within a previously defined texture image Parameters level, format, type, and pixels are the same as for glTexImage2D, and the format needs to T a b l e 9.1: Texture formats and types.

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 11:20

... glFog{fx}(GLenumpname,Tparam) With pname GL_FOG_MODE you can select between params GL_EXP (default), GL_LINEAR, and GL_EXP2 Further pname GL_FOG_DENSITY applies for the expo-nential modes, and pnames GL_FOG_START and ... much higher quality and more efficient line and point antialiasing than, for example, multisampling However, for best results the lines and primitives should be sorted by depth, and drawn in a back-to-front ... idea for both performance and Trang 2visual quality, since accessing the coarser mipmap levels reduces the texel fetch bandwidth, improves texture cache coherency, and provides higher-quality

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 11:20

... algorithms, such as drawing line drawings with hidden lines removed, drawing arbitrary polygons with holes and indentations, and creating volumetric lighting effects and shad- ows. However, this versatile ... takes the incoming fragment color (with texturing and fog already applied) and the color that already exists in the frame buffer, and uses them to come up with a new color to be stored in the ... GL_COPY, GL_COPY_INVERTED, GL_NOOP, GL_INVERT, GL_AND, GL_NAND, GL_OR, GL_NOR, GL_XOR, GL_EQUIV, GL_AND_REVERSE, GL_AND_INVERTED, GL_OR _REVERSE, and GL_OR_INVERTED. Pitfall: Even though the specification

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 11:20

... pixels, and must be one of the combinations in Table 9.1 The values of format and type in this case may be obtained by calling glGetIntegerv with the tokens GL_IMPLEMENTATION_COLOR_READ_FORMAT_OES and ... GL_SRC012_ALPHA texture combine source 012 for alpha. GL_OPERAND012_RGB texture combine operand 012 for color. GL_OPERAND012_ALPHA texture combine operand 012 for alpha. GL_RGB_SCALE texture combine color ... all buffered rendering commands need to be executed before the function returns Modern graphics hardware have very deep pipelines, often buffering hundreds or thousands of triangles, in some

Ngày tải lên: 03/07/2014, 11:20

... Drawing Context Drawing Rectangles Drawing Paths with Lines and Curves Drawing Bitmap Images Colors, Strokes, and Fills Animating with Canvas Canvas and Recursive Drawing vi | Table of Contents 124 ... developer for many years and being used to working with high-performance programming languages and hardware, I initially had modest expectations of graphics programming with JavaScript What I actually ... for additional graphics power • Creating video games • Using math for creative graphics and animation • Presenting your data in creative ways with the Google Visualizations API and Google Chart...

Ngày tải lên: 21/03/2014, 11:58

... mobile graphics and multimedia standards closely related to OpenGL ES and M3G This book concentrates only on graphics APIs, but for sound and multimedia in general, you can refer to standards ... research, standardization, and technology strategy and implementation, and was Nokia’s contact person for both standards Tomi Aarnio, Senior Research Engineer, mostly concentrated on the M3G standard ... the traditional fixed-function graphics pipeline with programmable vertex and fragment shaders, and is therefore not backward-compatible with the 1.x series The 1.x and 2.x generations of OpenGL...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 15:49